Vaccines, Volume 13, Issue 2

Background: Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) is the agent of proliferative enteropathy in swine, a common disease that affects pigs for up to eight weeks after weaning. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of two novel subunit vaccines targeting outer mem...

Background/Objectives: Chlamydia (C.) psittaci is an avian respiratory pathogen that regularly infects budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and is a known zoonosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine form...

Memory cells are central to the adaptive immune system’s ability to remember and respond effectively to previously encountered pathogens. While memory cells provide robust protection against infections, they can also contribute to autoimmunity...

Background/Objective: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 subtype remains a significant menace to both the poultry industry and human public health. Biosecurity and mass vaccination of susceptible commercial poultry flocks are crucial to redu...

Background: Splenectomized/asplenic individuals are at a heightened risk for severe infections due to compromised immune function. However, the impact of splenectomy/asplenia on COVID-19 outcomes remains underexplored. This study aims to systematical...

Aeromonas hydrophila presents a significant threat to global aquaculture due to its ability to infect freshwater and marine fish species, leading to substantial economic losses. Effective mitigation methods are essential to address these challenges....

Objectives: China was once a country with a high incidence of pertussis, with reported incidence rates exceeding 100 per 100,000 before the introduction of the pertussis vaccine. After the widespread implementation of the pertussis vaccination progra...

Since the introduction of prophylactic HPV vaccines, both HPV infection rates and cervical cancer rates have subsequently dropped. Yet, cervical cancer remains the fourth most common cancer diagnosis in women globally. As HPV and its role in the deve...

Background/Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2’s high mutations and replication rates contribute to its high infectivity and resistance to current vaccinations and treatments. The primary cause of resistance to most current treatments aligns within the...

Orthohantaviruses (also known as hantaviruses) are pathogens that cause two distinct, yet related forms of severe human disease: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). These diseases pose a significant t...

Background: During the 2023–2024 season, the influenza epidemic in South Korea peaked earlier, and the influenza vaccination rate among individuals aged ≥ 65 was high (82.2%). However, data on real-world vaccine effectiveness against influen...

Background/Objectives: Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant opportunistic pathogen with a broad host range. It produces a catecholate siderophore, amonabactin, during iron starvation, but the in vivo infection mechanism that involves amonabactin is...

The control of classical swine fever (CSF) in endemic areas has been attempted with modified live vaccines. However, in some regions, the implementation of imperfect vaccination programs has led to a reduction in the genetic diversity of the circulat...

Objectives: Little is known about the impact of patient age and biological sex on immune responses to melanoma vaccines, especially CD4⁺ T cell immune responses to peptides presented by Class II MHC molecules. Methods: We assessed the impact of age a...

Viruses pose a significant threat to humans by causing numerous infectious and potentially fatal diseases. Understanding how the host’s innate immune system recognizes viruses is essential to understanding pathogenesis and ways to control viral...

Background/Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae with, or following, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with increased mortality, particularly in older adults. However, vaccination can be an effe...

Using plants as bioreactors, molecular farming has emerged as a versatile and sustainable platform for producing recombinant vaccines, therapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes, and nutraceuticals. This innovative approach leverages the unique advanta...

Background: Pancreas disease (PD) is a serious disease in European salmonid aquaculture caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV), of which six genotypes (SAV1–6) have been described. The use of inactivated virus and DNA PD vaccines is common in mari...

Background/Objectives: Influenza is a viral infection affecting up to 20% of the general population annually. Solid organ transplant recipients have a higher morbidity and mortality risk, as well as a greater likelihood of severe disease complication...

Background: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is genetically categorized into three genotypes. A live-attenuated vaccine strain GPE⁻, currently used in Japan, belongs to genotype 1 and is genetically distinct from the field strains circulating...

Background/Objectives: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 remains a key measure to control COVID-19. Nuvaxovid, a recombinant Matrix-M–adjuvanted protein-based vaccine, showed similar efficacy to mRNA vaccines in clinical trials and real-world stud...

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]

Cancer vaccines have a potential to change the current landscape of immunotherapy research and development. They target and neutralize specific tumor cells by utilizing the body’s own immune system which offers a promising modality in treating...

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serological response after the complete hepatitis B vaccination of patients according to the immunosuppressive treatment they underwent, and to identify potential factors associated with non-respo...

Background: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a re-emerging viral disease. Vaccine acceptance is crucial for preventing its spread. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the acceptance of the Mpox vaccine among student populations. Me...

Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has emerged as a critical epigenetic regulator in tumor progression and immune modulation, positioning it as a promising target for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. This work comprehensively explores HDAC3’s multifa...

Background: Cocaine and illicit amphetamines (disguised as “Adderall”) are being laced with fentanyl and producing accidental and intentional fatal overdoses. Vaccines can prevent these overdoses, but 33% of humans generate insufficient a...

Background: Host cell proteins (HCPs) from primary hamster kidney cells (PHKCs) used to produce rabies vaccines may cause an allergic reaction in humans, so these residual HCPs must be controlled. Establishing a national standard for PHKC HCP is very...

This review provides an overview of electron beam (eBeam) technology and its applications across a wide variety of disciplines. More importantly, it discusses this technology’s advantages and its benefits in developing inactivated vaccines. eBe...

Background: In situ cancer vaccination is a therapeutic approach that involves stimulating the immune system in order to generate a polyclonal, anti-tumor response against an array of tumor neoantigens. Traditionally, in situ vaccination approaches h...

Background: Immunosuppressive therapy (methotrexate and biological agents) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with an increased risk of severe infections, higher infection rates, treatment interruptions, failure to achieve disease...

Objective: To evaluate the association between the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech^®) coronavirus disease vaccine and new-onset anterior uveitis. Methods: A retrospective case control study of patients admitted and diagnosed with new-onset acute anterio...

Background: Nirsevimab was indicated in a population level for all infants < 6 months during the 2023–2024 season in Andalusia (southern Spain). Our aim was to analyse the effect of nirsevimab in the reduction in complications in infants hos...

Background/Objectives: Immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means of preventing acute HBV infection. However, whether the primary vaccination of infants confers lifelong immunity remains controversial. Therefore, the ongoin...

Background: Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that poses significant health and economic burdens. Mice are commonly used as animal models for studying influenza virus pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and drugs. However,...

Background/Objectives: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) cross-infection among couple’s partners is a widespread event and could lead to persistent infections. Unfortunately, the influence of male sexual partners of HPV-positive women on their cervica...

Background: In 2022, Romania started an RSV immunoprophylaxis program with Palivizumab for infants at high risk: preterm infants born before 35 weeks of pregnancy, infants born with congenital heart defects, and infants with chronic lung disease. We...

Background: This study investigated the humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The clearance of molecules in the blood during hemodialysis is influenced by factors such as filter pore size, flow rate, operating pressure, and t...

Background/Objectives: The rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of variants with enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion, challenging existing vaccines. This study aimed to eval...

Background/Objectives: Influenza vaccines require good thermal stability without the need for refrigerator storage. Although the fatty acid-conjugated hemagglutinin (Heg) vaccine antigen provides good stability in both solid and liquid states, its th...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to further characterize the ultrafiltration (UF) method for determining free saccharide levels in glycoconjugate vaccines and compare it with other methods used for the determination of free saccharide levels...

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 vaccines have significantly reduced the mortality and morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2. In the fall of 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration amended its emergency use authorization guidelines for COVID-19 vac...

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a global health threat with an unpredictable epidemiology that varies regionally and over time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Consortium reported widespread reduc...

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of influenza vaccination on mortality using real-world data and compared the effect of current-season-only vaccination versus continuous two-season vaccination. Methods: The 2017–2019 data...

Background: Vaccines against COVID-19 target the spike protein. There is minimal information on longitudinal COVID-19 immune profiling in recovered versus naïve and vaccinated versus non-vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: This is a p...

Background/Objectives: Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic enteroparasite causing severe diarrhea in newborn calves, leading to significant economic losses in dairy and beef farming. This study aimed to evaluate whether C. parvum p23-specific IgY an...

Background: Despite adverse events following immunization (AEFI) being well described in vaccine trials, there is a need to produce more real-world data on events supposedly attributed to vaccination against COVID-19. This study aims to estimate the...

Background: A 2-dose varicella vaccination strategy has been implemented in Shanghai, China since 2018. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of breakthrough varicella cases and to evaluate the incremental effectiveness of th...

Background: New strategies for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevention are available and are in development, but their acceptance is crucial to their effectiveness. Objectives: This systematic review aims to summarize current quantitative and qu...

Concomitant administration may improve vaccination rates. This analysis of a phase 1/2 randomized study included 1073 healthy ≥65-year-olds who previously received ≥3 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses. Participants received concomitantly administered...