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Vaccines
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Fish Disease Occurrence and Immune Prevention and Control
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Fish Disease Occurrence and Immune Prevention and Control

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 9737

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yonghua Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
Interests: fish immunology; innate immunity; pathogenesis; virulence factor; disease prevention and control; vaccine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jianmin Ye

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
Interests: fish immunology; humoral response; B cell; antibody; vaccine
Prof. Dr. Yang Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: vaccines; bacterial pathogenesis; infectious and emerging infectious diseases; fish immunology; antimicrobial resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on "Fish Disease Occurrence and Immune Prevention and Control". The management of fish diseases is a global concern, and vaccines can provide immune prevention and treatment. There is a need for additional research on their disease pathogenesis and how the innate and adaptive immunity of fish can prevent and control fish diseases. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect cutting-edge research on host–pathogen interactions, fish immunity, immune effects, and the construction and application of vaccines. In addition to original research papers, comprehensive review articles are also welcome. We would like to invite you to submit your contributions to this Special Issue.

Dr. Yonghua Hu
Prof. Dr. Jianmin Ye
Prof. Dr. Yang Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish immunology
  • fish disease
  • pathogenesis
  • virulence factor
  • disease prevention and control
  • vaccine

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4008 KiB  
Article
Amonabactin Synthetase G Regulates Aeromonas hydrophila Pathogenicity Through Modulation of Host Wnt/β-catenin Signaling
by Yiyang Tang, Xiaofeng Liu, Chuyi Zeng, Yujun Liu, Ye Yang, Jiayi Hu, Pingyuan Li and Zejun Zhou
Vaccines 2025, 13(2), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13020195 - 17 Feb 2025
Viewed by 625
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant opportunistic pathogen with a broad host range. It produces a catecholate siderophore, amonabactin, during iron starvation, but the in vivo infection mechanism that involves amonabactin is unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of amonabactin synthetase [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant opportunistic pathogen with a broad host range. It produces a catecholate siderophore, amonabactin, during iron starvation, but the in vivo infection mechanism that involves amonabactin is unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of amonabactin synthetase G (AmoG) in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila and its impact on gut barrier function. Methods: ΔAmoG was generated by deleting the AMP-binding domain of AmoG in A. hydrophila CCL1. In vivo infection experiments were conducted to assess the mutant’s iron-chelating ability and pathogenicity. Complementation of ΔAmoG with AmoG (ΔAmoG-C) was performed to confirm the observed phenotypes. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses were used to investigate gene expression changes in infected fish. Goblet cell counts, tight junction expression, and D-lactic acid and LPS levels were measured to evaluate gut barrier function. Results: ΔAmoG exhibited impaired iron-chelating ability and reduced pathogenicity compared to wild-type CCL1. Complementation with AmoG restored virulence in ΔAmoG-C. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses revealed an elevated expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway components and antimicrobial genes in ΔAmoG-infected fish. Further investigation indicated increased goblet cells and an enhanced expression of tight junctions, as well as lower D-lactic acid and LPS levels, in ΔAmoG-infected fish. However, gut permeability, bacterial load, and lethality did not significantly differ between CCL1, ΔAmoG, and ΔAmoG-C infections when the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated. Conclusions: AmoG plays a crucial role in A. hydrophila pathogenicity by modulating host Wnt/β-catenin signaling and gut mucosal barrier function. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila and potential therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Disease Occurrence and Immune Prevention and Control)
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14 pages, 4020 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Feed-Based Genome-Free Bacterial Vaccine Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
by Nur Shidaa Mohd Ali, Mohamad Syazwan Ngalimat, Boon Chuan Lim, Chia-Chen Hsu, Annas Salleh, Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin, Ina Salwany Md Yasin and Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
Vaccines 2024, 12(11), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111271 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1516
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila causes motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS), a disease with a high mortality rate in tilapia culture. Feed-based vaccines with the incorporation of inactivated whole-cell bacteria into the feed offer promising tools to control MAS. Currently, the incorporation of genome-free bacteria as bacterial [...] Read more.
Aeromonas hydrophila causes motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS), a disease with a high mortality rate in tilapia culture. Feed-based vaccines with the incorporation of inactivated whole-cell bacteria into the feed offer promising tools to control MAS. Currently, the incorporation of genome-free bacteria as bacterial vaccine through the implementation of SimCells® technology into the feed has become a particular interest. Background/Objectives: This study investigates the efficacy of a feed-based vaccine incorporating genome-free A. hydrophila (FBV-GFAH) against MAS infection in red tilapia. Methods: The vaccine was prepared and delivered at 5% fish body weight for three consecutive days in weeks 0 (prime vaccination) and 2 (first booster vaccination), orally. Throughout a five-week experimental period, the immune-related genes (IL-1β, MHC-II, CD4, IgT, and IgM) expression in the hindgut and head kidney of the fish was determined using RT-qPCR assay. Lysozyme (serum) and overall IgM (serum, gut lavage, and skin mucus) productions were also detected. Results: Fish vaccinated with FBV-GFAH showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement in relative percent survival compared with unvaccinated fish following bacterial challenge. FBV-GFAH induced the expression of immune-related genes in the hindgut and head kidney, especially after booster vaccination. Furthermore, serum lysozyme activity and overall IgM production in serum, skin mucus, and gut lavage were also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved in the FBV-GFAH vaccinated fish than the unvaccinated fish. Conclusions: This study showed that FBV-GFAH is a promising feed-based vaccine technology to control MAS in cultured tilapia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Disease Occurrence and Immune Prevention and Control)
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12 pages, 2373 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Formalin-Inactivated Vaccine Efficacy against Red Seabream Iridovirus (RSIV) in Laboratory and Field Conditions
by Joon-Gyu Min, Guk-Hyun Kim, Chong-Han Kim, Woo-Ju Kwon, Hyun-Do Jeong and Kwang-Il Kim
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060680 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1430
Abstract
Red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) is a major cause of marine fish mortality in Korea, with no effective vaccine available since its first occurrence in the 1990s. This study evaluated the efficacy of a formalin-killed vaccine against RSIV in rock bream under laboratory and [...] Read more.
Red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) is a major cause of marine fish mortality in Korea, with no effective vaccine available since its first occurrence in the 1990s. This study evaluated the efficacy of a formalin-killed vaccine against RSIV in rock bream under laboratory and field conditions. For the field trial, a total of 103,200 rock bream from two commercial marine cage-cultured farms in Southern Korea were vaccinated. Farm A vaccinated 31,100 fish in July 2020 and monitored them for 18 weeks, while farm B vaccinated 30,700 fish in August 2020 and monitored them for 12 weeks. At farm A, where there was no RSIV infection, the vaccine efficacy was assessed in the lab, showing a relative percentage of survival (RPS) ranging from 40% to 80%. At farm B, where natural RSIV infections occurred, cumulative mortality rates were 36.43% in the vaccinated group and 80.32% in the control group, resulting in an RPS of 54.67%. The RSIV-infectious status and neutralizing antibody titers in serum mirrored the cumulative mortality results. This study demonstrates that the formalin-killed vaccine effectively prevents RSIV in cage-cultured rock bream under both laboratory and field conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Disease Occurrence and Immune Prevention and Control)
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Review

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38 pages, 776 KiB  
Review
Transforming Aquaculture through Vaccination: A Review on Recent Developments and Milestones
by Iosif Tammas, Konstantina Bitchava and Athanasios I. Gelasakis
Vaccines 2024, 12(7), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070732 - 1 Jul 2024
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5099
Abstract
Aquaculture has rapidly emerged as one of the fastest growing industries, expanding both on global and on national fronts. With the ever-increasing demand for proteins with a high biological value, the aquaculture industry has established itself as one of the most efficient forms [...] Read more.
Aquaculture has rapidly emerged as one of the fastest growing industries, expanding both on global and on national fronts. With the ever-increasing demand for proteins with a high biological value, the aquaculture industry has established itself as one of the most efficient forms of animal production, proving to be a vital component of global food production by supplying nearly half of aquatic food products intended for human consumption. As in classic animal production, the prevention of diseases constitutes an enduring challenge associated with severe economic and environmental repercussions. Nevertheless, remarkable strides in the development of aquaculture vaccines have been recently witnessed, offering sustainable solutions to persistent health-related issues challenging resilient aquaculture production. These advancements are characterized by breakthroughs in increased species-specific precision, improved vaccine-delivery systems, and innovations in vaccine development, following the recent advent of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence in the -omics era. The objective of this paper was to assess recent developments and milestones revolving around aquaculture vaccinology and provide an updated overview of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the sector, by incorporating and comparatively discussing various diffuse advances that span across a wide range of topics, including emerging vaccine technologies, innovative delivery methods, insights on novel adjuvants, and parasite vaccine development for the aquaculture sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Disease Occurrence and Immune Prevention and Control)
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