2025 August - 112 articles
Background: Rabies remains a fatal zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), posing substantial global health challenges. Current vaccine production faces challenges in manufacturing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The RABV glycoprotein (RAB...
Background: Influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine are essential to protect the health of older adults. This study focuses on the impact of family physicians’ recommendations on influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake among urban Chinese...
Background/Objectives: Booster vaccination coverage in the adult population in Poland remains insufficient. The objective of this study was to utilize the opportunity of a visit to the Regional Blood Transfusion Center in Wroclaw—associated wit...
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant global health threat, particularly to children and the elderly. While progress has been made in RSV vaccine development, gaps remain, especially in protecting the elderly population. B...
Background/Objectives: The development of a vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype A/H5 is an urgent task due to concerns about its pandemic potential. Methods: In this study, we have developed an experimental mRNA vac...
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has revolutionized the field of immunization, offering a non-infectious, non-genome-integrating platform that addresses many limitations of traditional vaccine modalities. Recent advancements in chemical modifi...
Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy, particularly with oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), has become a promising new strategy in cancer treatment. This field has achieved significant clinical milestones, highlighted by the FDA approval of Talimoge...
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major threat to global public health, with the disease burden particularly severe in developing countries, China being one of them. The preventive and control effects of traditional treatment...
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to develop a new attenuated live mumps vaccine strain and determine its biological properties and effectiveness. Methods: Plaque purification and amplification were performed in chicken embryo cells. Candidate...
The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]
Background/Objectives: DTP3 (diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis vaccine, third dose) coverage is a key indicator of the strength and continuity of routine immunization programs, which demonstrably reduces the burden of infectious diseases globa...
Background/Objectives: Effective prophylaxis for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) requires greater understanding of immune correlates of protection. With renewed interest in BCG as an Mtb vaccine, particularly via the intravenous (IV) route, our obje...
Background: Pakistan reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020 and joined other countries in activating a national emergency response following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Playing a vita...
Background: T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) are markers of recent thymic and bone marrow output, respectively. As they have previously been associated with immunosenescence, we aimed...
Background/Objectives: Pneumococcal serotypes 1 and 5 are associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). However, data on the circulation of these serotypes in Asia following the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is limit...
Objectives: The construction of subunit vaccines based on antigens that can induce strong cellular immunity is a widely accepted strategy to develop new tuberculosis vaccines. This study screens immunogens with potential for subunit vaccine developme...
Background: Despite virological suppression through antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) may exhibit inadequate immune responses to vaccination, placing them at continued risk for preventable infectious diseases. Evidence rega...
Introduction: Polio supplementary immunisation activities (SIA) are implemented to rapidly increase vaccination coverage and interrupt the transmission of poliovirus in a specified geographical area. Polio SIA complements routine immunisation and is...
Background: Vaccinations are crucial for preventing infectious diseases. Parental knowledge and attitudes significantly impact vaccination decisions. Methods: This study analyzed parental knowledge and opinions on childhood vaccinations (focus: measl...
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, including in Thailand, where both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases sustain transmission. The disease burden increases treatment complexity and mortality, requiring integrated ca...
Background: Systematic studies providing differentiated insight into the contribution of immunity directed against conserved and non-conserved epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike on long-term protection are rare and insufficiently guide future pan-variant v...
Objectives: This randomized, double-blind, active-controlled non-inferiority phase 4 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) compared to an active comparator v...
Background: Antigen-targeting immunotherapies hinge on the accurate identification of immunogenic epitopes that elicit robust T-cell responses. However, current computational approaches focus primarily on MHC binding affinity, leading to high false-p...
Background: Vaccination is often a highly effective approach for protecting against clinical disease and mortality caused by viruses. However, vaccine efficacy against viral transmission has rarely been assessed, which can provide vital information o...
Influenza viruses continue to undergo antigenic drift and shift, resulting in the need to update existing vaccines annually. Therefore, the development of a universal influenza vaccine has become an urgent global need. This paper reviews the function...
Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection causes serious diseases in immunocompromised patients and causes congenital toxoplasmosis in infants. T. gondii microneme protein 8 (MIC8) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) are essential pro...
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic magnified long-standing health disparities in the United States, particularly among rural, disadvantaged populations. These communities experience greater barriers to healthcare access, a higher prevalence of chronic...
Background/Objectives: The middle-income countries (MICs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region face multifaceted challenges—including fiscal constraints, conflict, and vaccine hesitancy—that impede the timely introduction of...
Background/Objectives: Influenza represents a significant burden on global public health, and vaccination is the most effective strategy to reduce it. The large investment in vaccination programs and the need for adjustments in vaccine serotypes are...
Background/Objectives: Vaccine development for the prevention of ASF has been very challenging due to the extensive genetic and largely unknown antigenic diversity. Inactivated vaccines, using different inactivation methods and a variety of adjuvants...
Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease primarily controlled through quarantine, culling, and vaccination. Live attenuated vaccines remain the most effective countermeasure, yet their application is limited by residual virulence and d...
CHIKV is a re-emerging mosquito-borne arthritogenic alphavirus associated with large outbreaks and severe joint pain, and it poses a growing global health threat. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as key pattern recognition receptors, detect viral componen...
mRNA-LNP-based COVID-19 vaccines, namely Pfizer-BioNTech’s Comirnaty and Moderna’s Spikevax, were successfully deployed to help control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and their updated formulations continue to be recommended, albeit only for high-risk popu...
Background: Evidence on the humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 following COVID-19 vaccination in older adults is warranted. Aims: To synthesize and analyze the current evidence on humoral and cellular immune responses to both standar...
Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains being a major public health threat, and currently existing CHB therapies have limited efficacy and side effects. We have recently developed a vaccine termed VVX001 based on a recombinant fusion protein co...
The instability of mRNA vaccines presents significant challenges for their storage, transportation, and large-scale distribution, particularly in resource-limited countries. Recently, freeze-drying (lyophilization) has been considered as a promising...
Background: Preschool-aged children can have difficulty adhering to infection control measures and were affected during the Omicron wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the impacts of prior severe acute respiratory syndr...
Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a significant opportunistic zoonotic protozoan, presenting a substantial risk to human health and livestock. Consequently, the development of an effective vaccine against toxoplasmosis is imperative....
CEPI (the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation)’s CMC rapid response framework is developed to support accelerated vaccine development, manufacturing, and roll-out for various outbreak scenarios to achieve the 100 Days Mission. The fr...
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, which presents a significant health burden in low- and middle-income settings such as Kosovo†, where it is the second leading cause of death among women....
Background/Objectives: The immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines is commonly evaluated by assessing the fold increase or proportions exceeding 0.35 μg/mL in serotype-specific IgG antibody levels post-vaccination. Establishing baselin...
Background: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been globally implemented to prevent HPV-associated diseases. Since its introduction in China in 2017, this vaccine has substantially reduced the burden of HPV-related health conditions. As more...
We aimed to synthesize and critically evaluate human studies on the impact of circadian and sleep factors on influenza vaccine-induced immune responses. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, and of the 1260 studies identified, 13 met the i...
Background: Assessment of efficacy in HIV prevention trials remains a challenge in the era of widespread use of active controls. We investigated use of counterfactual groups to assess treatment efficacy. Methods: We used data from placebo arms of two...
Background: Immunocompromised and clinically fragile individuals are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), but vaccine uptake remains low due to organizational barriers and vaccine hesitancy (VH). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a multi...
Background: Varicella remains a prevalent vaccine-preventable disease, but breakthrough infections are increasingly reported. However, long-term, population-based studies investigating the temporal and demographic characteristics of breakthrough vari...
Background/Objectives: The whole cell pertussis vaccine was introduced in the United States in the 1940s and switched to the acellular pertussis vaccine partially in 1992 and completely in 1997. This study examines the relationship between the resurg...
Background: Cervical cancer poses a threat to the health of women globally. Adolescent girls are the primary target population for HPV vaccination, and guardians’ attitude towards the HPV vaccine plays a significant role in determining the vacc...
Background/Objectives: Mumps remains a relevant vaccine-preventable disease globally, especially in settings where immunization coverage fluctuates or vaccine-induced immunity wanes. This study aimed to assess long-term trends in mumps incidence, vac...
Background: RSV remains a leading cause of infant hospitalization worldwide, and the recently approved nirsevimab could represent an effective and safe prophylactic strategy to prevent severe infections in the general neonatal population. Objectives:...
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