Administrative Sciences

21 pages, 10042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Tourism Marketing Through Destination Image: An AHP Approach for UNESCO Creative Cities in Gastronomy—The Case of Popayán, Colombia

by Pablo Henrique de Oliveira Moreira, Carla Fraga, Joice Lavandoski, Paulo Almeida and Lucília Cardoso

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050192 - 21 May 2025

Viewed by 33

Abstract

Popayán (Colombia) was the first city to be designated a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy in 2005, positioning itself as a symbolic ‘myth of origin’ within the network. In the context of growing demands for local strategies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals [...] Read more.

Popayán (Colombia) was the first city to be designated a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy in 2005, positioning itself as a symbolic ‘myth of origin’ within the network. In the context of growing demands for local strategies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is pertinent to understand how founding cities manage and project their image through sustainable tourism marketing. Almost two decades later, this study examines how Popayán communicates and sustains its image within the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN), guided by sustainable tourism marketing principles. Methodologically, the study adopts an exploratory and descriptive case study approach, based on documentary analysis of institutional sources and the application of the adapted Analytic Hierarchy Process Image—UNESCO Creative City Gastronomy (AHPI-UCCG) model. The results provided the following: (1) a multidimensional analysis of Popayán’s image in the context of sustainable marketing; (2) an assessment of how the city’s image responds to current branding challenges, using the adapted AHPI-UCCG model; and (3) a proposal for a context-sensitive investment agenda aligned with sustainability objectives. These results support the development of a personalised strategy for Popayán and demonstrate the potential of this approach to inform analyses of other Creative Cities of Gastronomy, while recognising the unique symbolic role of Popayán as the foundational case. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Future Trends of Tourism Management)

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26 pages, 814 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Framework for the Innovation Management Capacity: Empirical Evidence from the Porto Digital Cluster in Brazil

by Sidney de Lima Pinto, Jorge Muniz, Jr., Claudia Regina de Freitas and José Roberto Dale Luche

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050191 - 21 May 2025

Viewed by 28

Abstract

This study develops and validates an innovation management framework based on the integration of dynamic capabilities and multidimensional innovation process factors. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a quantitative survey of 267 respondents from the Porto Digital ecosystem with qualitative interviews conducted in [...] Read more.

This study develops and validates an innovation management framework based on the integration of dynamic capabilities and multidimensional innovation process factors. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a quantitative survey of 267 respondents from the Porto Digital ecosystem with qualitative interviews conducted in 10 companies. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the proposed measurement model, confirming the reliability and validity of the identified constructs. The qualitative findings reinforced the contextual relevance of the framework and provided insights into managerial perceptions of innovation capabilities. The validated framework consolidates ten organizational factors into four hierarchical layers, offering a structured approach to assessing and strengthening innovation management capacity. This study contributes to the literature by proposing an empirically validated model that addresses gaps related to dynamic capabilities and integrated innovation processes. Practical implications are also discussed, providing managers with a diagnostic tool to support strategic innovation initiatives. Full article

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29 pages, 995 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Managing Global Talent: Innovative Solutions and a Sustainable Strategy Using a Human-Centric Approach

by Olga Shvetsova

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050190 - 21 May 2025

Viewed by 50

Abstract

This study examines the challenges and opportunities in global talent management (GTM) systems within developed economies, with a specific focus on Republic of Korea. The research investigates both internal and external factors—positive and negative—that shape GTM strategies across key national high-tech industries. Framed [...] Read more.

This study examines the challenges and opportunities in global talent management (GTM) systems within developed economies, with a specific focus on Republic of Korea. The research investigates both internal and external factors—positive and negative—that shape GTM strategies across key national high-tech industries. Framed within a human-centric model, the study identifies three dominant global megatrends—technological, socio-economic, and cultural—that significantly influence talent ecosystem dynamics. The study is framed as a qualitative interview-based analysis, supported by quantitative descriptive data for contextual analysis. A qualitative approach was employed, addressing the quantitative analysis of statistical labor market data to qualitative interviews (n = 42) conducted with high-level STEM professionals pursuing global talent status. Quantitative statistics indicate a measurable decline in global talent inflow to Republic of Korea in the past year. Qualitative findings reveal critical deterrents—including regulatory, organizational, and cultural barriers—as well as motivational drivers influencing global mobility decisions. These factors were synthesized within the three identified megatrends to provide a comprehensive view of GTM system dynamics. Based on the findings, the study offers strategic, human-centered recommendations for enterprises and academic institutions to enhance their GTM practices in an era of accelerating technological change. The results offer practical guidance for policymakers, business leaders, educators, and researchers seeking to align talent strategies with evolving global trends. Full article

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17 pages, 461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Training and Job Satisfaction in Portugal’s Public Sector: A Sequential Mediation Model Based on Competency Acquisition, Performance Appraisal, and Career Progression

by Manuela Silva and Rosa Isabel Rodrigues

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050189 - 21 May 2025

Viewed by 29

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between training and job satisfaction among public sector employees in Portugal through a sequential mediation model. Understanding the factors that influence job satisfaction among public administration employees is essential for fostering healthier and more productive work environments. This [...] Read more.

This study examines the relationship between training and job satisfaction among public sector employees in Portugal through a sequential mediation model. Understanding the factors that influence job satisfaction among public administration employees is essential for fostering healthier and more productive work environments. This study investigates the role of competency acquisition, performance appraisal (PA), and career progression opportunities in the relationship between training and job satisfaction, using a sequential mediation model. The sample consisted of 340 public sector employees aged between 20 and 65 years. A cross-sectional, quantitative design was employed to analyze the relationships among the variables and test the proposed hypotheses. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to a convenience sample. The mediation analysis revealed that training influences job satisfaction indirectly by promoting the development of competencies that contribute to improved PA results, which, in turn, facilitate career advancement. These findings highlight the importance of implementing organizational strategies that align training with transparent performance evaluation systems and career development plans, offering valuable guidance for public human resource policies aimed at strengthening institutional efficiency. Full article

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20 pages, 333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Entrepreneurial Resources, Decision-Making Logic and Organisational Change Readiness: Enhancing SME Sustainability in New Zealand

by Kathryn Walker and Michelle Chin Chin Lee

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050188 - 20 May 2025

Viewed by 121

Abstract

Entrepreneurs are the backbone of most small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), yet they have received little attention regarding how they prepare for organisational change readiness (OCR), especially in the current uncertain business environment and the disruption of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). This [...] Read more.

Entrepreneurs are the backbone of most small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), yet they have received little attention regarding how they prepare for organisational change readiness (OCR), especially in the current uncertain business environment and the disruption of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0). This study sought to understand how entrepreneurs’ decision-making logic (i.e., effectuation and causation) mediates the relationship between the different types of resources (i.e., financial and government resources, social capital) and OCR. A total of 119 participants (91 males), who were entrepreneurs, participated in this cross-sectional study. After controlling for age, gender, and education level, the study’s results found that a positive relationship existed between the two types of resources and OCR, mediated by decision-making logic. A positive relationship was also found between both types of decision-making logic and OCR. These results highlight the significant impact of both entrepreneurs’ social capital and financial and, government resources and decision-making logic on OCR. Full article

16 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Building a Decentralization Index in Portugal: A Proposal on Conceptual and Methodological Foundations

by Helena Teles, Temístocles Oliveira Júnior and Joaquim Caeiro

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050187 - 20 May 2025

Viewed by 152

Abstract

Decentralization is a process that allows local governments to play a more active role in decision-making and the management of public policies. This process involves transferring responsibilities, resources, and authority from central to local governments, bringing the decisions and provision of public services [...] Read more.

Decentralization is a process that allows local governments to play a more active role in decision-making and the management of public policies. This process involves transferring responsibilities, resources, and authority from central to local governments, bringing the decisions and provision of public services and policies closer to the needs of citizens in each region. Portugal established a regime for asymmetric, multi-level, and multi-sectoral decentralization governance that is primarily focused on the policy (administrative) dimension. This study proposes conceptual and methodological foundations for building a decentralization index in Portugal aimed at measuring and comparing its outcomes across municipalities and policy areas of the social domain. The conceptual foundations enable a model that combines the state capacity concept with the three-dimensional decentralization theory, defining a framework of dimensions, objectives, and principles with potential indicators for a future index. The methodological cornerstones provide a qualitative scheme for determining the indicators that should comprise the decentralization index, data collection, processing methods, and analytical strategies. Although decentralization in Portugal dates back to the mid-2010s and the transfer of competences is formally complete as of 2023, at least in the social domain, its evaluation falls short of what is needed, including measuring its results in this domain. This study aims to present proposals that address these gaps and encourage a critical debate on decentralization, its frameworks, processes, and results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Developments in Public Administration and Governance)

23 pages, 1195 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Tourism Experiences: The Vision of Generation Z Versus Artificial Intelligence

by Ioana-Simona Ivasciuc, Adina Nicoleta Candrea and Ana Ispas

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050186 - 19 May 2025

Viewed by 261

Abstract

Generation Z, known for its digital fluency and distinct consumer behaviors, is an increasingly influential demographic in the tourism industry. As a sustainability-focused generation, their preferences and behaviors are shaping the future of travel. This study explores the tourism experiences of Romanian Generation [...] Read more.

Generation Z, known for its digital fluency and distinct consumer behaviors, is an increasingly influential demographic in the tourism industry. As a sustainability-focused generation, their preferences and behaviors are shaping the future of travel. This study explores the tourism experiences of Romanian Generation Z members, focusing on their travel patterns, motivations, information sources, and service preferences. A bibliometric analysis of the existing literature was conducted to identify research trends and gaps in understanding Generation Z’s tourism behaviors. Using a mixed-method approach, the study integrates survey data from 399 respondents with AI-generated insights from ChatGPT 4o mini to compare traditional research methods with AI-driven analysis. It examines how AI interprets and predicts travel behaviors, highlighting the reliability and biases inherent in AI models. Key discrepancies between the two methods were found: The survey indicated a preference for car travel and commercial accommodation, while AI predictions favored air travel and private accommodation. Additionally, AI emphasized a growing interest in eco-friendly transportation and connections to natural and cultural environments, offering a broader scope than the survey alone. Both methods revealed a trend toward digital platforms for travel planning, moving away from traditional agencies. The findings suggest that AI can complement traditional research by providing actionable insights, though its limitations emphasize the need for a balanced integration of both methods. This study offers new perspectives on Generation Z’s tourism experiences. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Sustainable Tourism: Shaping the Future of Destinations)

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18 pages, 1066 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Intellectual Humility in Sustainable Tourism Development

by Nhung T. Hendy and Nathalie Montargot

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050185 - 19 May 2025

Viewed by 231

Abstract

In this study, we examined the role of intellectual humility (IH) as an antecedent of individual attitude toward sustainable tourism viewed from the lens of personality trait theory, virtue ethics theory, and regenerative tourism principles within a stakeholder framework. Data were collected via [...] Read more.

In this study, we examined the role of intellectual humility (IH) as an antecedent of individual attitude toward sustainable tourism viewed from the lens of personality trait theory, virtue ethics theory, and regenerative tourism principles within a stakeholder framework. Data were collected via Qualtrics in an online survey of 233 adults in the United States. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were applied to the data to test the measurement model. In addition, a bifactor CFA was found to have acceptable fit and appropriate in controlling for common method variance. A series of covariance-based structural equations models (SEMs) was estimated to test the hypothesized model while controlling for common method variance in addition to individual age and gender. Using the chi-square difference test for nested model comparison, we found that intellectual humility was a significant antecedent of the negative ecological impact of tourism (β = 0.14, p < 0.01) while its relationships with economic and social impacts of travel became non-significant after controlling for common method variance. Pro-social tendency, operationalized as HEXACO Honesty–Humility, was also a significant antecedent of the negative ecological impact (β = 0.17) and positive economic impact (β = −0.34) of tourism, after controlling for common method variance. Despite its limitations due to its cross-sectional design and use of self-report data in the U.S., this study was novel in introducing intellectual humility as an important virtue to be cultivated at the individual level to achieve a holistic approach to sustainable tourism, especially in shaping destination choices. In addition, the study highlights the need to detect common method variance in self-report data via bifactor CFA to avoid erroneous reporting of significant findings, hampering our collective research efforts to address climate change and its impact. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Sustainable Tourism: Shaping the Future of Destinations)

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3 pages, 141 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

ChatGPT—A Stormy Innovation for a Sustainable Business

by Nada Mallah Boustani

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050184 - 17 May 2025

Viewed by 175

Abstract

Not only does generative AI, such as ChatGPT, represent an evolution in computational capability, but it is also going to change the way organizations approach knowledge creation, problem-solving, and innovation [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue ChatGPT, a Stormy Innovation for a Sustainable Business)

19 pages, 719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Greening Sustainable Supply Chain Performance: The Moderating and Mediating Influence of Green Value Co-Creation and Green Innovation

by Banji Rildwan Olaleye and Sara Faysal Mosleh

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050183 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 151

Abstract

This paper aimed to analyze the effect of green supply chain integration (GSCI) on sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP), as well as consider the mediating and moderating effects of green innovation (GInv) and green value co-creation (GVCc). This empirical study is based on [...] Read more.

This paper aimed to analyze the effect of green supply chain integration (GSCI) on sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP), as well as consider the mediating and moderating effects of green innovation (GInv) and green value co-creation (GVCc). This empirical study is based on a survey of 317 senior managers from agro-based companies involved in manufacturing and extractive industries in Nigeria. The empirical research model is examined utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The discovery entails that GSCI positively and substantially impacted SSCP and GInv. The research suggests that green innovation serves as a mediator in the relationship between GSCI and SSCP. Moreover, green value co-creation exerts a detrimental moderating influence on the GSCI-SSCP paradigm. Meanwhile, the originality of this study emanated from being the first to objectively explore the simultaneous moderating and mediating effects of GInv and GVCc on the relationship between GSCI and SSCP. Full article

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14 pages, 642 KiB

Open AccessReview

Women in Dentistry: From Historical Milestones to Leadership in the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda

by Rocío Trinidad Velázquez-Cayón and Pilar Martín Balbuena

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050182 - 16 May 2025

Viewed by 109

Abstract

This review offers a historical overview of the role of women in the modern dental profession, tracing their journey from the earliest pioneers to the present day and highlighting their significant achievements. The second main section presents a narrative analysis of the current [...] Read more.

This review offers a historical overview of the role of women in the modern dental profession, tracing their journey from the earliest pioneers to the present day and highlighting their significant achievements. The second main section presents a narrative analysis of the current situation, focusing on the main challenges faced by female dentists in advancing their careers in clinical practice, academia, and leadership roles. Finally, the discussion connects these issues with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda and explores support models for women’s empowerment in the health sciences, with a particular emphasis on dentistry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Equity & Inclusion and Its Perception in Organization—2nd Edition)

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25 pages, 1172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Attribute Decision-Making for Intelligent Allocation of Human Resources in Industrial Projects

by Iuliana Grecu, Roxana-Mariana Nechita, Oliver Ulerich and Corina-Ionela Dumitrescu

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050181 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 299

Abstract

Effective project management depends on a deep understanding of the human attributes that influence project success. This study aims to quantify the causal relationships between human resource variables in order to establish a prioritisation criterion for workforce allocation in industrial projects. Traditional statistical [...] Read more.

Effective project management depends on a deep understanding of the human attributes that influence project success. This study aims to quantify the causal relationships between human resource variables in order to establish a prioritisation criterion for workforce allocation in industrial projects. Traditional statistical models often overlook the multidimensional nature of these factors, limiting their effectiveness in complex planning contexts. To address this, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method is used to assess and prioritise the key competencies required of project personnel. The analysis is based on an extensive literature review of management and industrial project studies, combined with data collected from experienced managers through structured questionnaires. Respondents assessed how different human resource attributes interact and influence each other. The results show that personal motivation, innovation, education, work–life balance, flexibility and adaptability are dominant causal factors. Stakeholder relations, conflict management, negotiation skills, objectivity and impartiality are more reactive. This study is differentiated in that it analyses a complex network of 400 influence relationships, providing a more comprehensive perspective than previous research. By integrating a structured decision-making approach, the results contribute to both the academic literature and practical applications, supporting more effective workforce planning and improved performance in industrial projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)

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16 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Drivers of Flexible Labor Adoption in Nonprofit Organizations

by Qiaozhen Liu and Hala Altamimi

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050180 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 255

Abstract

As nonprofits operate in a competitive environment with limited resources, they constantly seek new ways to optimize their resources. This study investigates factors influencing nonprofits’ decision to integrate flexible labor, such as independent contractors, into their workforce. Using longitudinal data from 2008 to [...] Read more.

As nonprofits operate in a competitive environment with limited resources, they constantly seek new ways to optimize their resources. This study investigates factors influencing nonprofits’ decision to integrate flexible labor, such as independent contractors, into their workforce. Using longitudinal data from 2008 to 2018 in the arts and cultural sector in the United States, this study tests hypotheses related to the impact of an organization’s financial health, cost of permanent employment, reliance on government funding and donations, organizational size, and service demand variations on flexible labor use. The findings confirm that nonprofits offering higher fringe benefits and facing greater service demand fluctuations rely more on flexible labor. However, contrary to our expectations, this study also finds that nonprofits with stronger long-term financial health are more inclined to adopt flexible labor, while larger nonprofits use less flexible labor than their smaller counterparts. This study advances our understanding of the organizational and sector-level factors behind flexible labor adoption in nonprofits and offers practical implications for managing it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Nonprofit Management: Innovations, Challenges and Best Practices)

22 pages, 956 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Financial Metrics: A Systematic and Bibliometric Review of Hotel Business Performance

by Carlos Sampaio, Mónica Régio and João Renato Sebastião

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050179 - 14 May 2025

Viewed by 301

Abstract

Hotel business performance has been traditionally measured through financial metrics. Nevertheless, recent research emphasizes the increasing relevance of non-financial metrics such as sustainability, stakeholder perceptions, and strategic management practices. This study assesses the evolution of the measurement of hotel business performance within the [...] Read more.

Hotel business performance has been traditionally measured through financial metrics. Nevertheless, recent research emphasizes the increasing relevance of non-financial metrics such as sustainability, stakeholder perceptions, and strategic management practices. This study assesses the evolution of the measurement of hotel business performance within the scientific literature to identify trends and theoretical frameworks that shape performance measurement. The methodological approach employs qualitative and quantitative analysis, through a bibliometric analysis, to track the development of performance metrics in the field. The findings suggest that the assessment of hotels’ business performance shifted from the use of pure financial metrics to a more integrated perspective, including factors such as social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and sustainability. Furthermore, external factors such as economic crises could also significantly influence hotel performance. Future research should further explore the role of technology and regional variations in shaping hotel business success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Trends and Best Practices)

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29 pages, 2377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Rise of FinTech and the Journey Toward a Cashless Society: Investigating the Use of Mobile Payments by SMEs in Oman in the Context of Vision 2040

by Hisham Al Ghunaimi, Faozi A. Almaqtari, Ronald Wesonga and Ahmed Elmashtawy

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050178 - 14 May 2025

Viewed by 314

Abstract

This study investigates the factors that affect the adoption of mobile payment systems in Oman, focusing specifically on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the expanding FinTech landscape. By utilizing secondary sources of data from the Central Bank of Oman and global FinTech [...] Read more.

This study investigates the factors that affect the adoption of mobile payment systems in Oman, focusing specifically on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the expanding FinTech landscape. By utilizing secondary sources of data from the Central Bank of Oman and global FinTech reports, this research identifies essential enablers, such as security features and ease of use, which are propelled by developments in FinTech solutions. It also addresses the obstacles, such as high transaction fees and issues with authentication, that impede SMEs from embracing these technologies. Through an examination of worldwide FinTech adoption patterns, this research offers perspectives on Oman’s progress toward becoming a cashless society. This study employs sophisticated statistical techniques, including histograms and correlation analysis, to reveal significant trends in the rates of mobile payment adoption. The results emphasize the necessity for cooperative efforts among regulators, financial entities, and FinTech developers to minimize costs, strengthen digital infrastructure, and enhance user experiences. These findings are consistent with Oman’s Vision 2040, which aims to foster financial inclusion and propel the country’s shift toward a robust, digitally oriented economy powered by FinTech innovation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Sustainable and Resilient Economy: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Public Administration)

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24 pages, 1086 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Transformational Leadership’s Impact on Employee Retention: Does Job Satisfaction and Green Support Bridge the Gap?

by Ibrahim A. Elshaer, Alaa M. S. Azazz, Chokri Kooli, Abdulaziz Aljoghaiman, Osman Elsawy and Sameh Fayyad

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050177 - 9 May 2025

Viewed by 667

Abstract

This study explores the impact of green transformational leadership (GTL) on employee retention in the hospitality sector, with a specific focus on the mediating roles of employee satisfaction and perceived green organizational support (PGOS). Grounded in self-determination theory and organizational support theory, the [...] Read more.

This study explores the impact of green transformational leadership (GTL) on employee retention in the hospitality sector, with a specific focus on the mediating roles of employee satisfaction and perceived green organizational support (PGOS). Grounded in self-determination theory and organizational support theory, the research examines both the direct and indirect effects of GTL on employee retention. GTL fosters a sustainability-driven work environment, motivating employees through shared environmental values, which enhances their job satisfaction and perceived organizational support. These factors, in turn, strengthen employees’ commitment and willingness to stay within the organization. Using SmartPLS 3 for structural equation modeling (SEM), data collected from hospitality employees were analyzed to assess the hypothesized relationships. The findings confirm that GTL positively influences employee retention, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating effects of employee satisfaction and PGOS. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable leadership by highlighting the crucial role of green leadership practices in improving employee retention in environmentally conscious organizations. Implications for managers and policymakers in the hospitality sector are discussed, emphasizing the need for sustainability-driven leadership approaches to enhance workforce stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effective Leadership and Management in the Sustainable Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises)

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15 pages, 1017 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Destination Image and Brand Value as Predictors of Tourist Behavior: Happiness as a Mediating Link

by Deyber Jimenez-García, Ovet Espinoza Heredia, Eduar Cruz Lizana, Jose Joel Cruz-Tarrillo and Dany Yudet Millones-Liza

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050176 - 9 May 2025

Viewed by 440

Abstract

Tourism has become one of the most important industries in the business world, significantly impacting various economies. In order to have a better understanding of tourist behavior, this study aims to examine the image of the destination and the value of the brand [...] Read more.

Tourism has become one of the most important industries in the business world, significantly impacting various economies. In order to have a better understanding of tourist behavior, this study aims to examine the image of the destination and the value of the brand as predictors of the behavior of tourists, assuming happiness as a mediating link. From a quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional methodological perspective, the information of a sample of 425 tourists was analyzed. The results support that tourist happiness predicts their intention to revisit a tourist destination (Path Coefficient 0.921). Also, tourist happiness and the intention to revisit predict the intention to recommend a tourist place. These results suggest that tourist happiness plays a fundamental role in aspects such as loyalty and the promotion of a destination, so it is important for tourism companies to promote tourist happiness as a marketing strategy that drives them to word-of-mouth recommendations and the intention to revisit a tourist destination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Future Trends of Tourism Management)

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25 pages, 3657 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Job Satisfaction, Perceived Performance and Work Regime: What Is the Relationship Between These Variables?

by Angelie Pinheiro and Ana Palma-Moreira

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050175 - 8 May 2025

Viewed by 359

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to study the effect of job satisfaction on performance and whether this relationship is moderated by work regime (face-to-face, hybrid and remote) and to study the effect of work regime on performance and whether this relationship is [...] Read more.

The objectives of this study were to study the effect of job satisfaction on performance and whether this relationship is moderated by work regime (face-to-face, hybrid and remote) and to study the effect of work regime on performance and whether this relationship is mediated by job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 332 participants working in organizations based in Portugal. The results show that job satisfaction positively and significantly correlates with perceived performance. The work regime significantly affects perceived performance, with hybrid workers having the highest perceived performance. The work regime significantly affects job satisfaction, with remote workers having the highest levels of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a mediating effect on the relationship between work regime and perceived performance. Contrary to expectations, the work regime does not moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and perceived performance. Human resource management is recommended to keep employees satisfied and boost their performance. This study has shown how hybrid and remote working arrangements are fundamental to this. Full article

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22 pages, 1903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Reputation and Regulation in Shaping Non-Financial Information Reporting

by Melanie Grueso-Gala and Sergio Camisón-Haba

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050174 - 7 May 2025

Viewed by 211

Abstract

This study explores how corporate reputation and regulation influence the quantity and quality of non-financial information (NFI) disclosure. While internal drivers of NFI reporting are well-studied, external pressures remain underexplored. Analyzing Ibex35 firms (2015–2019) during Spain’s adoption of Directive 2014/95/EU, the study uses [...] Read more.

This study explores how corporate reputation and regulation influence the quantity and quality of non-financial information (NFI) disclosure. While internal drivers of NFI reporting are well-studied, external pressures remain underexplored. Analyzing Ibex35 firms (2015–2019) during Spain’s adoption of Directive 2014/95/EU, the study uses panel data analysis to assess the impact of reputation and regulation on NFI reporting. The findings show that highly reputed firms disclose more extensive and higher-quality NFI, while regulatory changes significantly improve both variables of NFI reporting. Thus, firms go beyond mere compliance. By distinguishing between quality and quantity, the study clarifies conflicting prior findings and highlights the complementary roles of reputation and regulation in fostering transparency. The results offer valuable insights for managers and policymakers, enhancing stakeholder trust and the effectiveness of regulation in promoting corporate transparency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Accounting: Sustainability and the Sustainable Development Goals)

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27 pages, 1556 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Beyond the Hype: A Systematic Exploration of Emerging Thematic Trends and Persistent Challenges in Combating Greenwashing Across Global Supply Chains

by Vivian Cherono, Md. Tota Miah, Ildikó Rudnák and Szűcs Csaba

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050173 - 3 May 2025

Viewed by 849

Abstract

This study aimed to determine how research has highlighted greenwashing in supply chains by identifying emerging themes and pinpointing gaps that must be addressed in combating greenwashing in global supply chains. Using the PRISMA framework, 58 papers published up to 2024 were critically [...] Read more.

This study aimed to determine how research has highlighted greenwashing in supply chains by identifying emerging themes and pinpointing gaps that must be addressed in combating greenwashing in global supply chains. Using the PRISMA framework, 58 papers published up to 2024 were critically examined. Through this review, five key emerging themes are presented: standardization of regulatory policies, technological innovations for transparency, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, the role of NGOs in monitoring greenwashing incidences, and industry-specific case studies. The study also identified a dearth of research on industry-specific cases, regional disparities, the implementation of technological innovations for supply chain transparency, and the role of supply chain stakeholders in reducing greenwashing, with only a few papers highlighting NGOs and government. We propose a conceptual framework for combating greenwashing and to promote sustainability in global supply chain operations, paving the way for further academic exploration. We also suggest solutions as well as a guide for future researchers to explore areas that are still underdeveloped and offer recommendations to supply chain policymakers on addressing greenwashing. Full article

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25 pages, 786 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leading Through Uncertainty: How Transformational and Transactional Leadership Shape Employee Satisfaction and Performance in Lebanese NGOs

by Madonna Salameh-Ayanian, Pauline Lakkis, Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf and Mohammad Makki

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050172 - 2 May 2025

Viewed by 749

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of transactional and transformational leadership on job satisfaction and employee performance during crises, focusing on the non-governmental organization (NGO) sector. The paper adopts a quantitative research methodology using an online structured questionnaire. Data from 425 NGO employees in [...] Read more.

This paper examines the impact of transactional and transformational leadership on job satisfaction and employee performance during crises, focusing on the non-governmental organization (NGO) sector. The paper adopts a quantitative research methodology using an online structured questionnaire. Data from 425 NGO employees in Lebanon were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. Transactional leadership came to have a modest positive effect on job satisfaction, aligning with previous research that highlights the importance of contingent rewards and supportive supervision. However, it did not significantly influence employee performance, suggesting that its effectiveness may be constrained by the challenges of a volatile crisis environment. In contrast, transformational leadership emerged as a key driver of both job satisfaction and employee performance, emphasizing its critical role in fostering motivation, resilience, and adaptability during turbulent periods. Notably, job satisfaction did not have a significant impact on employee performance, challenging conventional assumptions and underscoring the need for further exploration of context-specific factors in high-stress organizational settings. The findings of the paper contribute to leadership theory and provide actionable insights for enhancing NGO performance in crises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue HRM and Employee Performance Improvement: Strategies for Employee Development in a Constantly Changing Workplace)

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20 pages, 639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toxic Leadership and Job Satisfaction in the Middle Eastern Education Sector: The Influence of Organizational Culture and Trust

by Fida Ragheb Hassanein, Samaneh Mohammadi and Pouya Zargar

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050171 - 30 Apr 2025

Viewed by 450

Abstract

Toxic leadership has profound implications for employees’ psychological wellbeing, particularly in academia, as a supportive workplace is crucial for intellectual prosperity and growth. In various parts of the Middle East, toxic leadership has been a major element in suppressing academic freedom, low levels [...] Read more.

Toxic leadership has profound implications for employees’ psychological wellbeing, particularly in academia, as a supportive workplace is crucial for intellectual prosperity and growth. In various parts of the Middle East, toxic leadership has been a major element in suppressing academic freedom, low levels of creativity, and innovation backed with favoritism, nepotism, and lack of support. This study examines the detrimental effects of toxic leaders on academic staff’s job satisfaction among academic staff in Middle Eastern universities. Grounded in the social learning theory, leader–member exchange theory, and conservation of resources theory, this research examines the mediating effect of organizational culture and trust in leaders. A quantitative approach using partial least squares—structural equation modeling with Smart-PLS software Version 3—was deployed on survey data from 236 faculty members and academic administrators across 11 universities in the region. The results show that toxic leadership significantly reduces job satisfaction, which is better explained by key mediating elements of organizational culture and trust in leaders. The findings highlight the need for fostering a culture of trust, leadership development, and transparent strategies to enhance the academic workplace for the staff and improve the dynamic and performance of the educational environment in the region. This study provides practical recommendations for mitigating toxic leadership in the education sector of the Middle East through empirically validating its detrimental effects on the psychological wellbeing of academic staff, which is a major element that barriers significant academic achievements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Innovative Learning Environments and Entrepreneurial Learning)

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20 pages, 736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impression Management by Information Technology Professionals When Reporting Flow at Work: A Study at the Individual and Team Levels of Occupational Culture

by Pedro Jácome de Moura, Jr., Carlo G. Porto-Bellini and Eusebio Scornavacca

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050170 - 30 Apr 2025

Viewed by 365

Abstract

Information technology (IT) professionals have been depicted as good examples of in-flow individuals and teams. Accordingly, their workplace is acknowledged as ludic and relaxed, while also immersive and productive. The present study discusses evidence of actions effected by IT professionals to institutionalize and [...] Read more.

Information technology (IT) professionals have been depicted as good examples of in-flow individuals and teams. Accordingly, their workplace is acknowledged as ludic and relaxed, while also immersive and productive. The present study discusses evidence of actions effected by IT professionals to institutionalize and reinforce this mostly positive image when they report perceptions about themselves, their cohorts, and their routines at work. The study involves the processing of two datasets of responses given by IT professionals to questionnaires on the state of flow at work concurrently with other phenomena of positive psychology at both the individual and team levels. The datasets included contrasting (positive and negative) attitudinal measures that enabled a statistical discussion on whether IT professionals overestimate the positive aspects of their profession. This study concludes that cognitive dissonance and practices of impression management are likely involved in how IT professionals address flow-related questions to reinforce a positive image at work. Recommendations for scholars and industry researchers involve better questionnaire-crafting techniques to minimize measurement and inference biases, as well as contrasting self-reports with actual behaviors to build stronger indicators of the work climate, the routines, and the mood of IT personnel. Full article

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27 pages, 837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

User Experience Dimensions in Digital Peer-to-Peer Platforms: A Grounded Theory Study of Airbnb Online Experiences

by Elena Cerdá-Mansilla, Raquel Lozano-Blasco and Natalia Rubio

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050169 - 30 Apr 2025

Viewed by 393

Abstract

The current context underscores the growing importance of online formats, prompting managers to focus on creating positive online experiences. This qualitative study examines seven types of online Airbnb experiences using a grounded theory approach and data triangulation. Our findings extend the six-dimensional brand [...] Read more.

The current context underscores the growing importance of online formats, prompting managers to focus on creating positive online experiences. This qualitative study examines seven types of online Airbnb experiences using a grounded theory approach and data triangulation. Our findings extend the six-dimensional brand experience scale, including sensory, affective, behavioral, and intellectual, as well as the additions of interactive and social dimensions, by identifying three new dimensions in Airbnb’s online experiences: mystical, spatio-temporal, and physical. The results suggest that, while these dimensions are present across different types of positive online Airbnb experiences, there are variations depending on the type of experience. Certain experiences, such as entertainment-focused ones, may ensure higher satisfaction and engagement by incorporating a broader range of these dimensions. Full article

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21 pages, 1094 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Principals’ Perceptions of Market Orientation in Modern Schools

by Eleftheria Palla, Panagiotis Serdaris, Ioannis Antoniadis and Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050168 - 29 Apr 2025

Viewed by 399

Abstract

Background/Purpose: In an increasingly competitive educational landscape, the school principal’s role has expanded beyond instructional leadership to include strategic marketing responsibilities. Yet the role of marketing in school leadership remains underexplored. Our objective was to investigate how Greek secondary school principals perceive marketing’s [...] Read more.

Background/Purpose: In an increasingly competitive educational landscape, the school principal’s role has expanded beyond instructional leadership to include strategic marketing responsibilities. Yet the role of marketing in school leadership remains underexplored. Our objective was to investigate how Greek secondary school principals perceive marketing’s key dimensions (Customer Orientation, Competitor Orientation, and Inter-Functional Coordination) within schools, in comparison to other school staff members. Design/Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, collecting data using a structured questionnaire adapted from Oplatka and Hemsley-Brown. The sample comprised 350 respondents, including school principals and teaching staff. One-way ANOVA, supplemented by Games–Howell and Kruscall–Wallis tests, was employed to examine group differences across the three dimensions of market orientation. Results: Our findings indicate that principals demonstrate a higher level of Customer Orientation than other staff. However, no significant differences were found in Competitor Orientation or Inter-Functional Coordination across roles. Conclusions/Novelty: The findings suggest that while principals play a key role in aligning school functions and engaging with internal stakeholders, their sensitivity to external competition remains limited. The study highlights the evolving nature of school leadership while showing that marketing strategies in Greek schools are insufficiently implemented, calling for research into how leadership training can enhance market responsiveness. Full article

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21 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Diversity on Boards: A Myth or a Missed Opportunity for Financial Performance?

by Daniel Amo, María-José García-López and Hamid Hamoudi

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050167 - 29 Apr 2025

Viewed by 375

Abstract

This study examines the influence of gender composition on corporate financial performance, measured by the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio and Tobin’s Q, considering both male and female directors. Using an econometric panel data analysis, a dual fixed effects model and the Generalized Method of [...] Read more.

This study examines the influence of gender composition on corporate financial performance, measured by the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio and Tobin’s Q, considering both male and female directors. Using an econometric panel data analysis, a dual fixed effects model and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were applied to all Spanish listed companies from 2017 to 2022. The findings reveal no statistically significant correlation between gender diversity in the boards of directors (hereinafter, the board) and the financial performance indicators analyzed. However, a significant association was observed between gender diversity in non-board managerial positions and improved firm economic performance. This challenges the traditional focus on female representation in boards by highlighting the broader impact of gender composition across corporate structures. This study underscores the need for a comprehensive theoretical framework that considers both male and female directors to better understand gender diversity dynamics in governance. From a practical perspective, the results emphasize the importance of promoting gender diversity not only at the board level but also across all managerial positions. Policymakers and corporations should implement strategies to foster balanced gender representation throughout management levels to enhance economic performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Corporate Governance: Strategy, Practice and Prospect)

11 pages, 260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Work Engagement and Cynicism in Industry: A Preliminary Investigation in a Central Italian Engineering Company

by Luca Di Giampaolo, Teresa Galanti, Michela Cortini, Simone De Sio, Claudia Giurgola, Federica Marino, Piergiorgio Astolfi, Rossella Martelli, Daria Ziccardi, Paola Borrelli, Laura Forcella, Maria Elisa Maiolo and Luca Coppeta

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050166 - 29 Apr 2025

Viewed by 529

Abstract

Background: Work engagement is defined as a positive and fulfilling work-related state of mind, characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. High levels of engagement are associated with improved organizational functioning and a stronger sense of belonging among employees. Objective: This study, conducted in [...] Read more.

Background: Work engagement is defined as a positive and fulfilling work-related state of mind, characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. High levels of engagement are associated with improved organizational functioning and a stronger sense of belonging among employees. Objective: This study, conducted in collaboration with a large metalworking company in central Italy, aimed to explore the relationship between work engagement and organizational cynicism among Maintenance Team Leaders. Specifically, the goals were to assess the levels of engagement and emotional involvement and to examine how these dimensions vary according to socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, educational background, and seniority. The ultimate aim was to support occupational physicians and workplace safety officers in identifying the best practices for preventing psychosocial risks, work-related stress, and burnout. Methods: A total of 99 Maintenance Leaders participated in the study. The Italian version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) was used to assess the three core dimensions of engagement: vigor, dedication, and absorption. Additionally, the Cynicism scale development by Naus, Van Iterson, and Roe was administered. Results: While the sample size limits generalizability, the findings offer preliminary insight into engagement levels within this population. The results emphasize the need to expand the sample and to conduct comparative analyses across different teams within the company better understand engagement patterns and inform targeted interventions. Conclusions: Although work engagement has been extensively studied in the healthcare sector, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, limited research has addressed its role in the industrial context, and even less within the metalworking sector. This study contributes to filling that gap by providing an initial profile of engagement among maintenance leaders and by highlighting the interplay between engagement, cynicism, and individual characteristics in a high-demand industrial environment. Full article

19 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Strategic Agility Help Retain Public Sector Employees in Times of Uncertainty? A Longitudinal Study

by Iveta Ludviga and Agita Kalvina

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050165 - 28 Apr 2025

Viewed by 504

Abstract

The world is undergoing significant transformations that compel leaders to embrace more resilient and agile approaches to sustain positive organizational performance. While research concerning organizational strategic agility is growing, its value and application in the public sector are under-researched. This paper aims to [...] Read more.

The world is undergoing significant transformations that compel leaders to embrace more resilient and agile approaches to sustain positive organizational performance. While research concerning organizational strategic agility is growing, its value and application in the public sector are under-researched. This paper aims to explore the role of organizational strategic agility (OSA) in public sector organizations, how perceived OSA contributes to employee intentions to stay, and identify whether this effect is sustained over times of uncertainty. We use a longitudinal study and panel data from the public sector annual engagement survey before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis, and perform a fixed-effect OLS regression to empirically analyze the impact of the employee perception of trust in leadership, supervisor support, and organizational strategic agility on employee intention to stay (ITS). The findings provide evidence of the value of organizational strategic agility for employees of the organization as a factor positively contributing to intentions to stay in times of uncertainty and identify trust in leadership as an essential contributor to developing OSA in the public sector. It contributes to understanding the value of organizational strategic agility for employees inside the organization in times of uncertainty. It captures the positive effect on employees over organizational and time effects, thus providing evidence of sustained impact. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Organizational Behavior)

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20 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Equality and Sustainability in Vietnamese Higher Education: Educators’ Perspectives

by Muhammad Qasim Rana, Angela Lee, Tran Van Ty and Dao Phong Lam

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050164 - 28 Apr 2025

Viewed by 548

Abstract

Gender inequality remains a critical challenge in Vietnamese higher education, particularly regarding how academic roles and advancement opportunities are distributed. Despite existing policies promoting gender equality, gaps persist in leadership and career development, potentially limiting women’s representation and growth. This study examines Vietnamese [...] Read more.

Gender inequality remains a critical challenge in Vietnamese higher education, particularly regarding how academic roles and advancement opportunities are distributed. Despite existing policies promoting gender equality, gaps persist in leadership and career development, potentially limiting women’s representation and growth. This study examines Vietnamese educators’ perspectives on gender equality in higher education, focusing on academic rank awareness and attitudes toward gender-related issues. A quantitative research design was employed, using a structured survey distributed among faculty members across different academic ranks, including lecturers, senior lecturers, associate professors, and professors. Data were analysed through statistical measures, including frequencies and percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, and post hoc analysis to assess variations in perspectives on gender equality based on academic positions. The findings reveal significant differences in gender equality awareness across academic ranks. Educators in senior positions reported greater recognition of gender disparities, especially in leadership roles and promotion processes, than those in junior roles, who exhibited less awareness of such issues. This study’s practical implications suggest that Vietnamese higher education institutions should adopt targeted interventions, such as gender awareness programs and transparent promotion processes, to foster a more inclusive environment. Additionally, mentorship programs for female academics could enhance their career advancement opportunities. This research contributes original insights into how the academic hierarchy affects gender equality perceptions within Vietnamese higher education, offering a basis for the development of policies that support equitable career pathways. Full article

19 pages, 888 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Based Anomaly Detection and Optimization Framework for Blockchain Smart Contracts

by Hassen Louati, Ali Louati, Elham Kariri and Abdulla Almekhlafi

Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050163 - 27 Apr 2025

Viewed by 417

Abstract

Blockchain technology has transformed modern digital ecosystems by enabling secure, transparent, and automated transactions through smart contracts. However, the increasing complexity of these contracts introduces significant challenges, including high computational costs, scalability limitations, and difficulties in detecting anomalous behavior. In this study, we [...] Read more.

Blockchain technology has transformed modern digital ecosystems by enabling secure, transparent, and automated transactions through smart contracts. However, the increasing complexity of these contracts introduces significant challenges, including high computational costs, scalability limitations, and difficulties in detecting anomalous behavior. In this study, we propose an AI-based optimization framework that enhances the efficiency and security of blockchain smart contracts. The framework integrates Neural Architecture Search (NAS) to automatically design optimal Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures tailored to blockchain data, enabling effective anomaly detection. To address the challenge of limited labeled data, transfer learning is employed to adapt pre-trained CNN models to smart contract patterns, improving model generalization and reducing training time. Furthermore, Model Compression techniques, including filter pruning and quantization, are applied to minimize the computational load, making the framework suitable for deployment in resource-constrained blockchain environments. Experimental results on Ethereum transaction datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements in anomaly detection accuracy and computational efficiency compared to conventional approaches, offering a practical and scalable solution for smart contract monitoring and optimization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Blockchain Technology and Business Process Design)

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Adm. Sci., Volume 15, Issue 5 (May 2025) – 40 articles

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