You are currently viewing a new version of our website. To view the old version click .

Symmetry, Volume 13, Issue 12

December 2021 - 221 articles

Cover Story: Laws of large numbers (LLNs) are theorems of great importance for probability and chance theory. Within chance theory the notion of an uncertain random variable was defined to model phenomena where both uncertainty and randomness are present. This work considers uncertain random variables as functions of random variables and uncertain variables, introduced within uncertainty theory. Sequences of uncertain random variables are defined for a fixed continuous function, strictly monotone with respect to its second argument, as are sequences of pairwise independent or independent, identically distributed random variables and regular, independent, and identically distributed uncertain variables. Some LLNs for such defined sequences of uncertain random variables are formulated and proven. Two of their counterparts for uncertain variables are also discussed. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list .
  • You may sign up for email alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Articles (221)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,519 Views
19 Pages

20 December 2021

In this paper, a new subspace gradient method is proposed in which the search direction is determined by solving an approximate quadratic model in which a simple symmetric matrix is used to estimate the Hessian matrix in a three-dimensional subspace....

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,120 Views
14 Pages

20 December 2021

The U-shaped metal bellows expansion joint compensates for the pipeline displacement by its own deformation. The compensation performance of the metal bellows in the initial stage of tension and compression deformation is unstable. In this paper, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,196 Views
13 Pages

Modelling Artificial Immunization Processes to Counter Cyberthreats

  • Dmitry Zegzhda,
  • Evgeny Pavlenko and
  • Elena Aleksandrova

20 December 2021

This paper looks at the problem of cybersecurity in modern cyber-physical and information systems and proposes an immune-like approach to the information security of modern complex systems. This approach is based on the mathematical modeling in infor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,660 Views
17 Pages

20 December 2021

This article presents the methodology and tools to evaluate the reliability of quantitative sociological research data. The problem of filtering unreliable data is usually solved by statistical methods. This article proposes an improved method for fi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,402 Views
12 Pages

Stabilization of Periodical Discrete Feedback Control for Markov Jumping Stochastic Systems

  • Zhiyou Liu,
  • Lichao Feng,
  • Xinbin Li,
  • Zhigang Lu and
  • Xianhui Meng

19 December 2021

Motivated by the two strategies of intermittent control and discrete feedback control, this paper aims to introduce a periodically intermittent discrete feedback control in the drift part to stabilize an unstable Markov jumping stochastic differentia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,510 Views
16 Pages

Radius of Star-Likeness for Certain Subclasses of Analytic Functions

  • Caihuan Zhang,
  • Mirajul Haq,
  • Nazar Khan,
  • Muhammad Arif,
  • Khurshid Ahmad and
  • Bilal Khan

19 December 2021

In this paper, we investigate a normalized analytic (symmetric under rotation) function, f, in an open unit disk that satisfies the condition ℜfzgz>0, for some analytic function, g, with ℜz+1−2nzgz>0,∀n∈N. We calcula...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,059 Views
12 Pages

18 December 2021

A multi-purpose image-based QR code is designed in this paper. There are four purposes for the generated image-based QR code. In the first purpose, the basic image-based QR code with the look of a host image is with an ingenious layout to be identifi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,852 Views
18 Pages

17 December 2021

In this work, we present a new generalization of the student’s t distribution. The new distribution is obtained by the quotient of two independent random variables. This quotient consists of a standard Normal distribution divided by the power o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,089 Views
14 Pages

Hybrid Sliding Mode Control of Full-Car Semi-Active Suspension Systems

  • Ayman Aljarbouh,
  • Muhammad Fayaz,
  • Muhammad Shuaib Qureshi and
  • Younes Boujoudar

17 December 2021

With the advance in technology in driving vehicles, there is currently more emphasis on developing advanced control systems for better road handling stability and ride comfort. However, one of the challenging problems in the design and implementation...

of 23

Get Alerted

Add your email address to receive forthcoming issues of this journal.

XFacebookLinkedIn
Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994Creative Common CC BY license