Atmosphere, Volume 9, Issue 10

PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 samples were simultaneously collected in Urumqi from January to December 2011, and 14 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined. The mean concentrations of total PAHs in PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 were 20...

The Mediterranean basin is considered a global hot-spot region for climate change and air quality, especially concerning summer-time ozone (O₃). Previous investigations indicated that the Mediterranean basin is a preferred region for stratosphere-to-...

Providing efficient ventilation in road tunnels is essential to prevent severe air pollution exposure for both drivers and pedestrians in such enclosed spaces with heavy vehicle emissions. Longitudinal ventilation methods like commercial jet fans hav...

We examine the 2002 Yakutsk wildfire event and simulate the impacts of smoke aerosols on local radiative energy budget, using the WRF-Chem-SMOKE model. When comparing satellite retrievals (the Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) dataset) with model simula...

High temperatures have large impacts on premature mortality risks across the world, and there is concern that warming temperatures associated with climate change, and in particular larger-than-expected increases in the proportion of days with extreme...

European groundwater reservoirs are frequently subject to reactive nitrogen pollution (N_r) owing to the intensive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and animal manure in agriculture. Besides its risk on human health, groundwater N_r loading also affects t...

Iran has faced many water shortage crises in the past. Iran’s moisture sources for precipitation were identified by Lagrangian approach using the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) v9.0 model. The results demonstrate that Iran receiv...

The street thermal environment is important for thermal comfort, urban climate and pollutant dispersion. A 24-h vehicle traverse study was conducted over the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong in summer, with each measurement period consisting of 2&ndash...

We present a study of upper tropospheric westward transport of air masses coming from the Indian monsoon zone over the period 1998–2008. The objective is to characterize upper tropospheric transport of water vapor from the Indian to Sahelian re...

This paper describes the methodology used to incorporate two numerical plume rise algorithms, one by Janicke and Janicke and another by Webster and Thomson, into the Lagrangian particle model LAPMOD. LAPMOD is fully interfaced with the diagnostic met...

The assessment of direct radiative forcing due to atmospheric aerosols (ADRF) in the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP), which is a food basket of south Asia, is important for measuring the effect of atmospheric aerosols on the terrestrial ecosystem and for a...

Using ERA-interim Reanalysis data and observational data, the intraseasonal oscillation of the winter rainfall in southern China is studied. The mean square deviation of daily precipitation is used to express precipitation variability, and winter pre...

Rate coefficients at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure for the reaction of ozone with 2-methoxypropene (2-MPE) and 2-ethoxypropene (2-EPE) were determined in an evacuable 100 L Teflon reaction chamber using absolute and relative rate metho...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a typical biological environmental process to influence leaf temperature, crop water requirement, and greenhouse microclimate. Affecting factors of ET include air temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiat...

Using a high resolution model of Large Eddies Simulation (LES), named PALM from PArallel LES Model, a set of simulations were performed to understand how turbulence and convection behave in a pasture and forest sites in Amazonia during the dry and ra...

As the global climate has changed, studies on the relationship between vegetation and climate have become crucial. We analyzed the long-term vegetation dynamics and diverse responses to extreme climate changes in Inner Mongolia, based on long-term Gl...

This study examines the decadal change in the relationship between two major Indian Ocean (IO) sea surface temperature patterns, namely the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and northern IO and the East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) in the early 2000s. In 1991&...

The knowledge of the water structure at the interface with the air in acidic pH conditions is of utmost importance for chemistry in the atmosphere. We shed light on the acidic air-water (AW) interfacial structure by DFT-MD simulations of the interfac...

The semi-enclosed Mediterranean basin, surrounded by high mountains, is placed in a favorable location for cyclonic storms development. Most of these are extratropical cyclones of baroclinic and orographic origin, but occasionally, some low pressure...

The Gamo Highlands in Ethiopia are characterized by complex topography and lakes. These modulate the mesoscale and synoptic scale weather systems. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in weather as function of topography and...

The growth of computing power combined with advances in modeling methods can yield high-fidelity simulations establishing numerical simulation as a key tool for discovery in the atmospheric sciences. A fine-scale large-eddy simulation (LES) utilizing...

Mass concentrations of chemical constituents (organics, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride, and black carbon (BC)) and the number size distribution of submicrometer particles in the ambient atmosphere were continuously measured in urban Gwangju, Ko...

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The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model is widely used for source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The question about how to select the proper number of factors, however, is rarely studied. In this study, an integrated method...

The bioclimatic well-being of individuals is associated with the environmental characteristics of where they live. Knowing the relationships between local and regional climatic variables as well as the physical characteristics of a given region and t...

Submicron particle (PM₁) pollution has received increased attention in recent years; however, few studies have focused on such pollution in the city of Shijiazhuang (SJZ), which is one of the most polluted cities in the world. In this study, we condu...

The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the world’s largest oligotrophic marginal seas. Increases in biomass and primary production in the surface layer of the northern SCS are affected by anthropogenic aerosol use among north Asian peoples. The se...

A relationship between isoprene and 1,3-butadiene mixing ratios was established to separate the anthropogenic and biogenic fractions of the measured isoprene in London air in both urban background (Eltham) and urban traffic (Marylebone Road) areas ov...

Background: Water-related, including waterborne, diseases remain important sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The potential for changes in disease associated with predicted anthropogenic climate ch...

Air pollution levels are severe in Lanzhou due to the valley topography and the semi-arid climate. A comprehensive understanding of pollutant transport characteristics, which are affected by atmospheric circulation, can help explain the reason for th...

Natural gas is an abundant resource across the United States, of which methane (CH₄) is the main component. About 2% of extracted CH₄ is lost through leaks. The Remote Methane Leak Detector (RMLD)-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system was developed to...

The effects of increased dimethyl-sulfide (DMS) emissions due to increased marine phytoplankton activity are examined using an atmosphere-ocean coupled climate model. As the DMS emission flux from the ocean increases globally, large-scale cooling occ...

Respiratory and lung irritants can be a by-product of the surgical pyrolysis of human tissues. Seven prostate tissues were collected during the transurethral resection of a prostate (TURP). Tissue samples, pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis sampling system, we...

We used the Abdu Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 4.5 (RegCM4.5), to investigate the potential impacts of land cover change of the Sahel–Sahara interface on the West African climate over a...

A single-column radiative-convective model (RCM) is a useful tool to investigate the physical processes that determine the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) temperature structures. Previous studies on the TTL using the RCMs, however, omitted the cloud...

This study aimed to determine the predictability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with different model physics options to identify the best set of physics parameters for predicting heavy rainfall events during the southwest and nor...

Bioaerosol emissions arising from biowaste treatment are an issue of public concern. To better characterise the bioaerosols, and to assess a range of measurement methods, we aerosolised green waste compost under controlled conditions. Viable and non-...

Radiative effects of absorbing black carbon and mineral dust aerosols are estimated from global aerosol climate model simulations with fixed sea surface temperatures as a boundary condition. Semi-direct effects are approximated as the residual betwee...

Endotoxin is a bioaerosol component that is known to cause respiratory effects in exposed populations. To date, most research focused on occupational exposure, whilst much less is known about the impact of emissions from industrial operations on down...

This paper reviews the benefits of a better understanding of atmospheric exchange processes over mountains. These processes affect weather and climate variables that are important in meteorological applications related to many scientific disciplines...

Peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important photochemical product formed from the reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) under sunlight. In this study, a field measurement was conducted at a rural site (the back...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial for ozone formation in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China. The characteristics of ambient VOCs in Nantong, a fast developing city in the YRD, were studied. Sixty ambient air samples were taken at five...

In this study, an air mass (containing a cirrus cloud) was detected by light detection and ranging (lidar) above São Paulo (Brazil) in June 2007 and tracked around the globe, thanks to Lagrangian calculations as well as ground-based and satell...

How to measure and quantitatively assess hydrological drought (HD) in the inland river basins of Northwest China is a difficult problem because of the complicated geographical environment and climatic processes. To address this problem, we conducted...

Airborne particulate samples were collected from three main squares (Ramsis, El Giza, and Sphinx) representing heavy traffic areas in Greater Cairo during the period of December 2015–February 2016, and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarb...

In this work, results of scattering and backscattering coefficients, scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), single scattering albedo (SSA), and asymmetry parameter (g) of atmospheric aerosols are presented. All these parameters were measured...

Winter precipitation over South China tended to be much higher than normal for the spring El Niño events during 1979–2016. For the spring El Niño events, the meridional and zonal circulations served as a bridge, linking the warmer...

Site environments and instrumental characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO₂) measurements operated by local governments in the Kanto Plain, the center of which is Tokyo, were summarized for this study. The observation sites were classified into environ...