Agronomy, Volume 13, Issue 5

Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide with high economic and nutritional value. The Capsicum genus comprises more than 30 species, of which C. annuum, C. chinense, C. baccatum, C. frutescens, and C. pubescens are the five do...

The cultivation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is necessary for pharmaceutical and cosmetic production. The aim of our work was to investigate the effect of the plant density as well as the harvesting method on the yield and quality character...

Weeds are a permanent constraint on crop productivity in agriculture. Due to the importance of the effect of weeds on the crop, there has been great interest in establishing the competitive ability of each species to optimize its control. This work p...

Winter rye has a high adaptive capacity to abiotic and biotic stressors compared to other winter crops (wheat, triticale, barley, and oats). High resistance of winter rye to adverse environmental factors and a wide range of its uses increase interest...

Spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) is an emerging noxious weed, affecting cultivated vegetables in Queensland, Australia. It is a prolific seed producer, forming large seedbanks with variable seedling emergence. A study was carried out to investigate...

Field studies were conducted in 2016, 2017, and 2020 in the south-central and Coastal Bend regions of Texas to determine the effects of various biostimulants, soil additives, and plant protectants on corn growth and yield. In south-central Texas, the...

Corn as a dominant and productive cereal crop has been recognized as indispensable to the global food system and industrial raw materials. China’s corn consumption reached 2.82 × 10⁸ t in 2021, but its production was only 2.65 × 10⁸...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) confer positive and negative effects on many plants, but it is unclear whether AMF has an effect on soil fertility, aggregate distribution, and stability. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Rhizoglo...

In agricultural activities, there is an increasing need for organic fertilizers to use nature-friendly materials used to fertilize the soil. Farmers have been using granular organic fertilizers made from composted or dried manure of cattle, poultry,...

It is an essential method for healthy Selenium (Se) supplementation to convert exogenous Se into organic Se via crops. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern (leaf mustard) was employed as plant material in this investigation and was treated with sodium selenite...

Optimizing profitability is a challenge that strawberry farmers must face in order to remain competitive. Within this framework, plant density can play a central role. The aim of this two-year study was to investigate how planting density can induce...

China’s field crops such as cotton, wheat, and tomato have been produced on a large scale, but their cultivation process still adopts more traditional manual fertilization methods, which makes the use of chemical fertilizers in China high and c...

Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) regulates the expression of chloroplast genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice. The PEP-associated protein (PAP) PAP7/pTAC14 is essential for the formation of the PEP complex. However...

The effect of five methods of in-row weed management on the species composition and diversity of summer weed communities in a plum orchard was evaluated. Different methods of orchard floor management (OFM) were implemented for seven consecutive years...

Weather disturbances, difficult backgrounds, the shading of fruit and foliage, and other elements can significantly affect automated yield estimation and picking in small target apple orchards in natural settings. This study uses the MinneApple publi...

The “Dangshan” pear woolliness response is a physiological disease that mostly occurs in the pear growth process. The appearance of the disease is not obvious, and it is difficult to detect with the naked eye. Therefore, finding a way to...

Declining land productivity is a major problem constraining banana (Musa spp.) production in Tanzania. Banana fruit yield consequently reaches only 15% of the potential, primarily due to inadequate soil nutrient replenishment. Improving farmers&rsquo...

Prolonged drought stress may have a significant impact on the structure and activity of the soil microbial community. Our study aims to investigate the impact of short-term drought (2 months) on the microbial community structure, enzymes, and metabol...

Continuous cropping causes soil degradation and decreases crop yield in the karst region of southwestern China. However, the relationship between continuous cropping systems and soil hydraulic and physicochemical properties remains incompletely eluci...

The classification that distinguishes whether machines are driving on roads or working in fields based on their global navigation satellite system (GNSS) trajectories is essential for effective management of cross-regional agricultural machinery serv...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of corn-planting population, using two conventional (Conv) and two brown-midrib (BMR) hybrids, and maturity stage at harvest on forage dry-matter (DM) yield, silage quality, and in-vitro fiber d...

Soil aggregates are one of the most important indicators of soil quality, which can be affected strongly by soil tillage. Little is known about the composition and stability of soil aggregates under summer fallow tillage in rainfed winter wheat field...

Prolonged drought periods, increasingly occurring worldwide due to global climate change, could affect the growth and productivity of both traditional and climate-resilient crops, including quinoa. Specifically, the vegetative growing cycle of this s...

Accurate and rapid detection of tea shoots within the tea canopy is essential for achieving the automatic picking of famous tea. The current detection models suffer from two main issues: low inference speed and difficulty in deployment on movable pla...

With a shortage of sulfur in the soil and an increasing world population and, thus, food consumption volume, the demand for this important nutrient is likely to increase, both globally and regionally. The purpose of this model incubation study was to...

The present study aimed to identify the abilities of the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) producing purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB), Luteovulum sphaeroides W22 and W47, to reduce the Na⁺ concentration, and to ameliorate the soil fertility, nutrien...

The inhibitory effects and mechanisms of eugenol were studied in pathogenic fungi that were isolated from passion fruit affected with naturally occurring fruit rot; additionally, the effect of eugenol treatment on fruit rot resistance in passion frui...

The long-term extensive application of chemical fertilizers wreaks havoc on soil bacterial structure and function. To reduce the damage caused by chemical fertilizers, a six-year experiment was performed to study the effects of replacing 0% (CK), 25%...

Air-assisted boom sprayer is proven to be one of the best pesticide application methods to achieve uniform deposition of droplets in the canopy and improve the effective utilization of pesticides. However, the air flow velocity, air flow volume and a...

Biostimulants and rooting enhancers, i.e., auxins, affect many aspects of plant development. The experiment in this paper focused on the response of single-node rose semi-woody cuttings to rhizogenesis-enhancing preparations based on plant extracts i...

Direct-seeded rice has been widely adopted in Asia in recent years. However, its low and unstable yields severely limit the increase in rice production and directly affect food security. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of diff...

Powdery mildew (PM) is the main disease that afflicts bottle gourd. Previous studies on PM mainly focused on its effects on pumpkin, melon, and other crops; however, the exact molecular mechanism of bottle gourd resistance to PM remains unclear. RNA...

When obtaining new cultivars or monitoring the nutritional composition of lettuce, new techniques are necessary given the high cost and time required to conduct laboratory analyses of plant composition by conventional methods. The objective of this s...

The growing human population and climate change are imposing unprecedented challenges on the global food supply [...]

Background: The application of base fertilizer is significant for reducing agricultural costs, non-point source pollution, and increasing crop production. However, the existing fertilization decision methods require many field observations and have h...

Rare earth elements (REEs) and 18 other elements in the vegetables (carrot, parsley, cabbage, potato, onion) and soils from two villages near tailings management facilities in the Baia Mare area, NW Romania, were measured. The soil-to-plant transfer...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, act as signaling molecules to widely mediate growth, development, and stress response of plants. In the present study, internal ROS accumulation, effects of exogenous H₂O₂ treatment,...

Artificial intelligence (AI) involves the development of algorithms and computational models that enable machines to process and analyze large amounts of data, identify patterns and relationships, and make predictions or decisions based on that analy...

Assessing interspecific adaptive genetic variation across environmental gradients offers insight into the scale of habitat-dependent heritable heterotic effects, which may ultimately enable pre-breeding for abiotic stress tolerance and novel climates...

In complex orchard environments, orchard mowing robots are prone to longitudinal slippage because of the characteristics of tires and the adhesion conditions of the road surface, which makes it difficult for the robots to maintain high-precision path...

Pyrolyzed waste biomass, or biochar, has been suggested as a means to increase plant growth and mitigate soil salinization, which is a widespread agricultural issue and can reach extreme levels in urban soils impacted by de-icing salts. Soil mixing i...

The non-invasive analysis of seeds is of great interest to experimental biologists and breeders. To reach a high varietal identity and purity of seed material, it is often necessary to access features of individual seeds via the screening of mutant p...

The wheat (Triticum aestivum) microbiome is essential to its growth and adaptation under the current climatic crisis. Wheat breeding programs are often mainly focused on obtaining more resistant cultivars; thus, plant genotype-by-microbiome interacti...

Recycled sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), such as struvite extracted from wastewater, have the potential to substitute conventional manufactured fertilizers and mitigate environmental problems such as water eutrophication or the depletion...

Benefiting from the high–farmland construction program in China, one–off irrigation can be guaranteed in most fields in semi–humid drought–prone areas in China. However, little information is available on water and nitrogen (N...

In this study, a new method for determining the depth of frozen soil, Impulse Response Time Domain Reflectometry, is discussed. This method uses the principle of impedance measurement and the law of time–frequency domain convolution to convert...

Between July and September 2021, researchers collected 100 specimens of the Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris, and dissected their cadavers to examine them for parasitic nematodes. Molecular techniques were used to identify the nematodes, which confirmed...

Legumes provide important benefits in rotations. Interseeding cover crops (CCs) allows an additional legume CC in case of a short window after the main crop. However, legume input level and management could modify the expected benefits. In a Mediterr...

Rice yields can only be achieved by selecting a high-quality population. Nitrogen rates and transplanting density play a significant role in determining population quality and yield. Field experiments were conducted in Heshan District, Hunan Province...

Biochar is useful for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, the effects of biochar aging and addition rates on SOC stabilization are unclear. A field experiment with four biochar application rates (0% (control), 1% (LB), 2% (MB), and 4% (...