Sensors, Volume 18, Issue 11

Canopy edge profile detection is a critical component of plant recognition in variable-rate spray control systems. The accuracy of a high-speed 270° radial laser sensor was evaluated in detecting the surface edge profiles of six complex-shaped ob...

We report on thermal and evanescent field sensing from a tellurium oxide optical microcavity resonator on a silicon photonics platform. The on-chip resonator structure is fabricated using silicon-photonics-compatible processing steps and consists of...

Concrete compressive strength is an important parameter of material properties for assessing seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which has a certain level of uncertainty due to its inherent variability. In this paper, the meth...

Indoor navigation and location-based services increasingly show promising marketing prospects. Indoor positioning based on Wi-Fi radio signal has been studied for more than a decade because Wi-Fi, a signal of opportunity without extra cost, is extens...

A 1.6 μm differential absorption Lidar (DIAL) system for measurement of vertical CO₂ mixing ratio profiles has been developed. A comparison of CO₂ vertical profiles measured by the DIAL system and an aircraft in situ sensor in January 2014 over th...

Honey is usually classified as “unifloral” or “multifloral”, depending on whether a dominating pollen grain, originating from only one particular plant, or no dominant pollen type in the sample is found. Unifloral honeys are u...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is faced with challenges that require green solutions and energy-efficient paradigms. Architectures (such as ARM) have evolved significantly in recent years, with improvements to processor efficiency, essential for always...

We introduce a robust low-budget Kelvin probe design that is optimized for the long-term acquisition of surface photovoltage (SPV) data, especially developed for highly resistive systems, which exhibit—in contrast to conventional semiconductors...

Static load tests of foundation piles are the basic method for the designing or verification of adopted design solutions which concern the foundation of a building structure. Preparation of a typical test station using the so-called inverted beam met...

This paper presents a Gaussian process based Bayesian inference system for the realization of intelligent surface measurement on multi-sensor instruments. The system considers the surface measurement as a time series data collection process, and the...

Deflection is one of the key indexes for the safety evaluation of bridge structures. In reality, due to the changing operational and environmental conditions, the deflection signals measured by structural health monitoring systems are greatly affecte...

An ordinary optical fiber ultra-high temperature sensor based on infrared radiation with the advantages of simple structure and compact is presented. The sensing system consists of a detection fiber and a common transmission fiber. The detector fiber...

The recent provision of energy-harvesting capabilities to wireless sensor networks (WSN) has entailed the redefinition of design objectives. Specifically, the traditional goal of maximizing network lifetime has been replaced by optimizing network per...

A hybrid technique is proposed to enhance the localization performance of a time difference of arrival (TDOA) deployed in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) suburban scenario. The idea was to use Machine Learning framework on the dataset, produced by the ray t...

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, there are a series of security problems faced by the IoT devices. As the IoT devices are generally devices with limited resources, how to effectively allocate the restricted resources facing the s...

Cooperative Cyber-Physical Systems (Co-CPSs) can be enabled using wireless communication technologies, which in principle should address reliability and safety challenges. Safety for Co-CPS enabled by wireless communication technologies is a crucial...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising analytical tool due to its label-free detection ability and superior sensitivity, which enable the detection of single molecules. Since its sensitivity is highly dependent on localized surface...

Timing detection is the first step and very important in wireless communication systems. Timing detection performance is usually affected by the frequency offset. Therefore, it is a challenge to design the synchronization signal in massive narrowband...

Partial Discharge (PD) detection based on Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) measurements in Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is often used for fault location based on extraction of Time Differences of Arrival (TDoA), and the core technique is to obtain the pr...

Complete blockage of a coronary artery, called chronic total occlusion (CTO), frequently occurs due to atherosclerosis. To reopen the obstructed blood vessels with a stent, guidewire crossing is performed with the help of angiography that can provide...

In this paper, robust first and second-order divided difference filtering algorithms based on correntropy are proposed, which not only retain the advantages of divided difference filters, but also exhibit robustness in the presence of non-Gaussian no...

This article provides a guide to design and build a handheld, real-time photoacoustic (PA) imaging system from simulation to realization for animal neurological disease models. A pulsed laser and array-based ultrasound (US) platform were utilized to...

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), a vital component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technology, relies on communication between dynamically connected vehicles and static Road Side Units (RSU) to offer various applications (e.g., collision...

Polymer/ceramic pressure-sensitive paint (PC-PSP), which incorporates a high percentage of particles in the binder layer, is proposed in order to improve the characteristics of PSP. The procedure for embedding particles into the binder layer was modi...

Since the 1970s, a great deal of attention has been paid to the development of semiconductor-based biosensors because of the numerous advantages they offer, including high sensitivity, faster response time, miniaturization, and low-cost manufacturing...

A localization and tracking algorithm for an early-warning tracking system based on the information fusion of Infrared (IR) sensor and Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) is proposed. The proposed Kalman filter scheme incorporates Out-of-Sequence Mea...

Mobile sensing has allowed the emergence of a variety of solutions related to the monitoring and recognition of human activities (HAR). Such solutions have been implemented in smartphones for the purpose of better understanding human behavior. Howeve...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) has become one a focus of public concern because of its multiple toxic effects and widespread contamination. To monitor OTA in rice, a sensitive, selective, and one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a nanobody-al...

This study proposes a novel FSM compensation system for four degrees of freedom (DOF) laser errors compensation, which has the advantage of shorter optical path length, fewer elements and an easier set-up process, meaning that it can be used at diffe...

At present, there is a high number of people with Down syndrome interested and trained to be an active part of society. According to the data extracted by our surveys we know that only 6% of the population with Down syndrome feels isolated in daily a...

Software Defined Networking (SDN) centralizes network control to improve network programmability and flexibility. Contrary to wired settings, it is unclear how to support SDN in low power and lossy networks like typical Internet of Things (IoT) ones....

This paper reviews recent investigations and achievements in the design of controllable functional components for improving microfluidic systems, its effectiveness, and functionality. The main purpose was to design novel microstructures with piezoele...

The aircraft full-scale fatigue test is widely used in the modern aircraft industry for the safety of flight. Generally, the aircraft full-scale fatigue test is achieved by structural loading; multiple hydraulic actuators are used to apply load for f...

Crop diseases cannot be accurately predicted by merely analyzing individual disease causes. Only through construction of a comprehensive analysis system can users be provided with predictions of highly probable diseases. In this study, cloud-based te...

In order to improve the management mechanisms of the electric energy transport infrastructures, the smart grid networks have associated data networks that are responsible for transporting the necessary information between the different elements of th...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significan...

The advent of the autonomous car is paving the road to the realization of ideas that will help optimize traffic flows, increase safety and reduce fuel consumption, among other advantages. We present one proposal to bring together Virtual Traffics Lig...

By using Software Defined Network (SDN) technology, senor nodes can get updated program code which can provide new features, so it has received extensive attention. How to effectively spread code to each node fast is a challenge issue in wireless sen...

The internet-of-things (also known as IoT) connects a large number of information-sensing devices to the Internet to collect all kinds of information needed in real time. The reliability of the source of a large number of accessed information tests t...

Identifying channel states as line-of-sight or non-line-of-sight helps to optimize location-based services in wireless communications. The received signal strength identification and channel state information are used to estimate channel conditions f...

There is limited research in land surface temperatures (LST) simulation using image fusion techniques, especially studies addressing the downscaling effect of LST image fusion. LST simulation and associated downscaling effect can potentially benefit...

This article evaluates the use of least-squares support vector machines, with ray-traced data, to solve the problem of localisation in multipath environments. The schemes discussed concern 2-D localisation, but could easily be extended to 3-D. It doe...

The paper presents a novel dual-band six-phase voltage-control oscillator. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a single-ended delay cell architecture has a lower power consumption, a smaller chip area, and a larger output swing than one with...

Recent developments in smartphone-based strip readers have further improved the performances of lateral flow test kits. Most smartphone cameras encode an unaltered and nonlinear power-law transfer function that maps the light intensity to a pixel val...

This paper deals with recently proposed algorithms for real-time distributed blind macro-calibration of sensor networks based on consensus (synchronization). The algorithms are completely decentralized and do not require a fusion center. The goal is...

Activity of daily living (ADL) is a significant predictor of the independence and functional capabilities of an individual. Measurements of ADLs help to indicate one’s health status and capabilities of quality living. Recently, the most common...

Gas sensors are the key components of an electronic nose (E-nose) in violated odour analysis. Gas-sensor drift is a kind of physical change on a sensor surface once an E-nose works. The perturbation of gas-sensor responses caused by drift would deter...

Through orientation control of antibodies, Z-domains autodisplaying Escherichia coli outer cell membrane (OM) may be utilized to improve the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of immunoassays and immunosensors. A regenerative immunoaffinity lay...

In the milling process, cutting forces contain key information about the machining process status in terms of workpiece quality and tool condition. On-line cutting force measurement is key for machining condition monitoring and machined surface quali...

The detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in plasma is important in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. We developed a biosensor to detect AFP in HCC patient plasma and in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution using a graphen...