An Integrated Machine Learning Algorithm for Separating the Long-Term Deflection Data of Prestressed Concrete Bridges
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Multiscale Characteristics of Long-Term Deflection Data
3. An Integrated Machine Learning Algorithm
3.1. EEMD
- (1)
- Add a white-noise series to the targeted signal.
- (2)
- Decompose the signal into a series of IMFs, , and a residual, , using EMD. We can obtain:
- (3)
- Repeat Step (1) and Step (2) for me trials.
- (4)
- The final IMFs are obtained by overall averaging the IMFs produced in each trial.
3.2. PCA
3.3. FastICA
4. Numerical Simulation
4.1. Characteristic of the Individual Deflection Component of Different Effects
4.1.1. Live Load Effect
4.1.2. Temperature Effect
4.1.3. Effect of Concrete Shrinkage and Creep
4.1.4. Effect of Prestress Loss
4.2. Validation Result
4.2.1. Total Deflection
4.2.2. Procedure of Separation
5. Practical Verification
5.1. Description of the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) System
5.2. Processing of the Monitored Deflection Data
5.2.1. Live Loads Effect
5.2.2. Temperature Effect
5.2.3. Structural Deflection
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Effects | Frequency Domain | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | ||
Live loads | DL | |||
Daily temperature variation (DT1) | DT | |||
Annual temperature variation (DT2) | ||||
creep | Dv | |||
shrinkage | ||||
material deterioration | ||||
noise | - |
Noise Level (SNR) | Daily Temperature Effect DT1 | Annual Temperature Deflection Effect DT2 | Structural Deflection DV |
---|---|---|---|
5% | 0.921 | 0.937 | 0.916 |
10% | 0.822 | 0.837 | 0.804 |
15% | 0.691 | 0.728 | 0.703 |
20% | 0.413 | 0.506 | 0.398 |
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Ye, X.; Chen, X.; Lei, Y.; Fan, J.; Mei, L. An Integrated Machine Learning Algorithm for Separating the Long-Term Deflection Data of Prestressed Concrete Bridges. Sensors 2018, 18, 4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114070
Ye X, Chen X, Lei Y, Fan J, Mei L. An Integrated Machine Learning Algorithm for Separating the Long-Term Deflection Data of Prestressed Concrete Bridges. Sensors. 2018; 18(11):4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114070
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Xijun, Xueshuai Chen, Yaxiong Lei, Jiangchao Fan, and Liu Mei. 2018. "An Integrated Machine Learning Algorithm for Separating the Long-Term Deflection Data of Prestressed Concrete Bridges" Sensors 18, no. 11: 4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18114070