2D Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review on Graphene Oxide, MoS2, WS2 and Phosphorene
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Gas Sensing Devices
2.1. Sensing Performance Parameters
2.2. Chemiresistors
2.3. Field Effect Transistors (FETs)
2.4. Impedance Sensors
2.5. Optical Gas Sensors
2.6. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Gas Sensors
3. Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Sensors
4. MoS2 Gas Sensors
5. WS2 Gas Sensors
6. Phosphorene Gas Sensors
7. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Device | Target Gas | LOD | OT (°C) | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GO | resistive | NO2 | 20 ppb in dry air | 150 | The responses for concentrations >40 ppb are not affected by RH | [81] |
GO | resistive | NO2 | 650 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [82] |
GO | resistive | H2 | 100 ppm | RT | GO shows n-type behaviour. Low response and recovery times | [83] |
edge-tailored GO | FET | SO2 | 5 ppm | RT | Sensing tests at 65% RH | [87] |
fluorinated-GO | resistive | NH3 | 6 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [94] |
rGO | resistive | NH3 | 5 ppb | RT | Sensing tests at RH < 5% | [113] |
holey rGO | resistive | NO2 | 60 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [116] |
rGO | resistive, flexible | NO2 | 400 ppt | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [117] |
rGO | resistive, flexible | NO2 | 50 ppb in dry air | RT | Sensing tests in ambient conditions show the ability to detect 1 ppm NO2 | [118] |
rGO-C nanodots | resistive | NO2 | 10 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air. High selectivity to NO2 | [121] |
rGO | resistive | CO2 | 300 ppm | RT | Sensing tests in ambient conditions | [123] |
Pd-RGO | resistive | NO | 2 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [124] |
Pt-rGO | FET | H2 | 60 ppm | RT | Sensing tests at 11% ≤ RH ≤ 78%. Selective to H2 over CO and CH4 | [126] |
Cu2O NWs-rGO | resistive | NO2 | 64 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [137] |
ZnO nanorods-rGO | resistive | NO2 | 47 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [138] |
Pd-WO3 nanobelts-rGO | resistive | H2 | 20 ppm | 100 | Sensing tests in dry air. Good selectivity to H2. Recovery time (<1 min) | [142] |
SnO2 quantum wire-rGO | resistive | H2S | 43 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests at RH = 56–60% | [145] |
MoS2 | resistive | NO2 | 120 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [161] |
MoS2 | FET | NO2 | 20 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in Ar atmosphere | [162] |
MoS2 | resistive | NH3 | 300 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [170] |
Pd-MoS2 | resistive | H2 | 50 ppm | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [181] |
rGO-MoS2 | resistive | NO2 | 5.7 ppb (est.) in dry air | 60 | Selectivity to NO2 over NH3, H2S, CO and HCHO. Small humidity effects on response | [184] |
rGO-MoS2 fibres | resistive | NO2 | 53 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [185] |
WS2 | impedance | methanol | 5.6 ppm (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [45] |
WS2 | resistive | NO2 | 100 ppb in dry air | 150 | Partial oxidation of WS2 flakes. Humidity does not affect the sensing response | [193] |
WS2 | resistive | H2 | 1 ppm in dry air | 150 | Partial oxidation of WS2 flakes. Humidity does not affect the sensing response | [193] |
WS2 | resistive | NO2 | 8 ppb | 250 | Sensing tests in dry air | [194] |
MTCNF-WS2 | resistive | NO2 | 10 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air. Humidity affects the sensing response | [195] |
Pd NPs-WS2 | resistive, flexible | H2 | 10 ppm | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere | [198] |
Exfoliated BP | resistive | NO2 | 20 ppb | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [210] |
Exfoliated BP | resistive | NO2 | 7 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air | [212] |
Exfoliated BP | resistive | NH3 | 80 ppb (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in N2 atmosphere and at 10 Torr | [214] |
Pt NPs- exfoliated BP | FET | H2 | <2000 ppm (est.) | RT | Sensing tests in dry air. Pt-BP covered with PMMA. Selectivity to H2. | [223] |
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Donarelli, M.; Ottaviano, L. 2D Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review on Graphene Oxide, MoS2, WS2 and Phosphorene. Sensors 2018, 18, 3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113638
Donarelli M, Ottaviano L. 2D Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review on Graphene Oxide, MoS2, WS2 and Phosphorene. Sensors. 2018; 18(11):3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113638
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonarelli, Maurizio, and Luca Ottaviano. 2018. "2D Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review on Graphene Oxide, MoS2, WS2 and Phosphorene" Sensors 18, no. 11: 3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113638
APA StyleDonarelli, M., & Ottaviano, L. (2018). 2D Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review on Graphene Oxide, MoS2, WS2 and Phosphorene. Sensors, 18(11), 3638. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113638