Sustainable Development Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities (13692)

Urbanization transforms landscapes from natural ecosystems to configurations of impervious surfaces and green spaces, leading to urban heat island effects that impact health and ecosystem sustainability. This study in Xiamen City, China, categorizes urban areas into functional zones, employs Random Forest and Stepwise Regression models to assess thermal differences, and proposes optimization measures for the building–green space landscape. The optimization involves altering the characterization of the building–green space landscape pattern. Results indicate: (1) due to the spatial heterogeneity of the building–green space landscape pattern in different functional zones, the surface temperature also shows strong spatial heterogeneity in different functional zones; (2) different optimization measures for the building–green space pattern are needed for different functional zones; taking the urban residential zone as an example, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the hot spot area can be adjusted according to the value range of the cold spot area; (3) considering the solar radiation process, Sun View Factor (S_unVF) plays an important role in indicating the change in surface temperature in the commercial service area, and as S_unVF increases, the surface temperature of the functional zone tends to rise. This research offers insights into urban thermal environment improvement and landscape pattern optimization. Full article

The most effective way to solve urban traffic congestion in mega cities is to develop rail transit, which is also an important strategy for sustainable urban development. Improving the service performance of rail transit equipment is the key to ensuring the sustainable operation of urban rail transit. Automatic fare collection (AFC) is an indispensable system in urban rail transit. AFC directly serves passengers, and its condition directly affects the sustainability and safety of urban rail transit. This study proposes remaining useful life (RUL) prediction framework for AFC systems. Firstly, it proposes the quantification of AFC health state based on health degree, and proposes a health state assessment method based on digital analog fusion, which compensates for the shortcomings of single data-driven or model driven health methods. Secondly, it constructs a multi feature extraction method based on multi-layer LSTM, which can capture long-term temporal dependencies and multi-dimensional feature, overcoming the limitation of low model accuracy because of the weak data features. Then, the SSA-XGBoost model for AFC RUL prediction is proposed, which effectively performs global and local searches, reduces the possibility of overfitting, and improves the accuracy of the prediction model. Finally, we put it into practice of the AFC system of Shanghai Metro Line 10. The experiment shows that the proposed model has an MSE of 0.00111 and MAE of 0.02869 on the test set, while on the validation set, MSE is 0.00004 and MAE is 0.00659. These indicators are significantly better than other comparative models such as XGBoost, random forest regression, and linear regression. In addition, the SSA-XGBoost model also performs well on R-squared, further verifying its effectiveness in prediction accuracy and model fitting. Full article

Smart cities embody a transformative approach to modernizing urban infrastructure and harness the power of deep learning (DL) and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technology to redefine home energy management. Neural network-based Q-learning algorithms optimize the scheduling of household appliances and the management of energy storage systems, including batteries, to maximize energy efficiency. Data preprocessing techniques, such as normalization, standardization, and missing value imputation, are applied to ensure that the data used for decision making are accurate and reliable. V2H technology allows for efficient energy exchange between electric vehicles (EVs) and homes, enabling EVs to act as both energy storage and supply sources, thus improving overall energy consumption and reducing reliance on the grid. Real-time data from photovoltaic (PV) systems are integrated, providing valuable inputs that further refine energy management decisions and align them with current solar energy availability. The system also incorporates battery storage (BS), which is critical in optimizing energy usage during peak demand periods and providing backup power during grid outages, enhancing energy reliability and sustainability. By utilizing data from a Tunisian weather database, smart cities significantly reduce electricity costs compared to traditional energy management methods, such as Dynamic Programming (DP), Rule-Based Systems, and Genetic Algorithms. The system’s performance is validated through robust AI models, performance metrics, and simulation scenarios, which test the system’s effectiveness under various energy demand patterns and changing weather conditions. These simulations demonstrate the system’s ability to adapt to different operational environments. Full article

Urbanization significantly impacts river ecosystems, altering fish community structure and dynamics and posing challenges to the sustainable management of these vital resources. In the heavily urbanized Haihe River in China, understanding the spatial and seasonal variations of fish communities and the environmental factors influencing them is crucial for effective conservation and sustainable management. This study investigated fish communities and environmental variables at ten sites along an urbanization gradient in the upstream reach of the Haihe River over four seasons in 2023. A total of 6710 individual fishes representing 30 species were collected. The results showed that the most urbanized section exhibited higher species diversity but was dominated by tolerant, omnivorous species with similar functional traits, indicating functional homogenization. In contrast, less urbanized sections displayed greater seasonal fluctuations and supported species with specialized traits. Key environmental factors influencing fish community dynamics included nitrogen levels, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and the abundance of the submerged macrophyte Potamogeton crispus. These factors varied spatially and seasonally, mediating the effects of urbanization on fish communities. The findings highlight the importance of environmental factors in shaping fish community dynamics in urban rivers and underscore the need for integrated management strategies that consider both anthropogenic impacts and natural influences to conserve fish diversity, river maintain ecosystem health and ensure long-term sustainability. Sustainable management practices that balance development with environmental protection are vital for preserving ecological integrity and enhancing the resilience of urban river systems to challenges such as urbanization. Full article

Considering the ambitious climate goals defined by the European Union, the significant share of energy demand represented by buildings, the slow process of their renovation due to challenges such as a need for majority consent from residents and limited available space in dense urban areas, this study aims to foster retrofitting of energy supply systems of multi-storey apartment buildings, improving their sustainability. This entails making the transition to sustainable energy systems more socially acceptable and practical in urban contexts by proposition and demonstration of the potential of a power and heat supply system retrofit that minimises disruptions felt by residents. It integrates rooftop renewable power sources, heat storage with an electric heater, heat pumps, and existing connections to public utility networks. Furthermore, simulation results of both single- and multi-objective optimisation (performed by the genetic algorithm) for equipment selection, as well as conventional and smart control (implemented as a gradient-based optimisation) for daily scheduling, are compared, defining the main scientific contribution of the study. It is found possible to achieve a net present value of up to almost twice the annual energy expenses of the unrenovated building or self-sufficiency rate of up to 41.6% while using conventional control. These benefits can reach 2.6 times or 49.8% if the smart control is applied, demonstrating both the profitability and improved self-sufficiency achievable with the proposed approach in Latvian conditions. Full article

In this post-pandemic hybrid world of PK12 education, the onus is still on education leaders to close achievement gaps through equitable means. There are current socioeconomic, racial, gender, and geographical disparities that limit students’ full access to computer science education (CS). This case study reports how one urban PK12 school district in the United States is addressing the “leaky pipeline” with sustainable solutions for CS education with minoritized students. Using an online engagement framework, an ethnographic lens was used with document review, to conduct a content analysis of projects, programs, and services set up through the central office for nearly 20,000 students at the primary, middle grades, and secondary levels in computer sciences. Findings acknowledge leadership’s planning for student engagement in STEM+C (science, technology, engineering, math and computer science) for virtual instruction. This study will contribute to the burgeoning knowledge of leadership for CS activities in PK12, and serve as a beacon for learning organizations bolstering CS activities in the future. Full article

Cities in cold regions face significant challenges, including high carbon emissions, intense energy use, and outdated energy structures, making them critical areas for achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development. While studies have explored the impact of spatial structures on urban carbon emissions, the effects of multi-scale spatial structures remain insufficiently understood, limiting effective spatial planning strategies. This research examines Changchun, a city in a severe cold region, using data from 2012 to 2021, including road networks, land use, nighttime light, and energy statistics. Employing spatial syntax, landscape pattern indices, random forests, and segmented linear regression, this research establishes a carbon emission translation pathway to analyze the nonlinear effects of multi-scale spatial structures. Findings reveal a 26.70% annual decrease in carbon emissions, with winter emissions 1.84 times higher than summer ones. High-emission zones have shifted from industrial areas to transportation, commercial, and residential zones, reflecting growing seasonal variability and structural changes. Spatial complexity increased while connectivity declined. Multi-scale analysis identified a “decrease–increase–decrease” pattern, with macro-scale centrality declining and micro-scale hierarchy rising. These results provide both theoretical and practical guidance for urban planning in cold regions, supporting early carbon neutrality and long-term sustainable development goals. Full article

Urbanization is a major driver of land-use change, with significant implications for sustainable development in rapidly growing cities. In this study, we assess the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in Lucknow, India, from 1991 to 2021, using geospatial techniques and Landsat satellite imagery. The key objective is to analyze urban growth patterns, identify contributing factors, and evaluate the sustainability implications of these trends. Results reveal a nearly fivefold increase in built-up area, from 53.86 km² in 1991 to 261.45 km² in 2021. Edge development accounted for 55.99% of total urban expansion from 1991 to 2001, while ribbon development increased from 18.06% to 21.03% by 2021. Leapfrog development, considered unsustainable, rose from 12.35% in 1991 to 17.35% in 2021. Compared to previous studies, findings highlight the significant influence of transportation infrastructure and industrialization on urban sprawl, particularly in the northeastern and northwestern zones. This study contributes by offering a zone-wise analysis of growth patterns, which provides deeper insights into the dynamics of urban expansion. The findings are crucial for urban planners, as they suggest the need for more stringent zoning regulations and targeted infrastructure investments to manage future growth sustainably while minimising environmental impact. Full article

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) represent a paradigm shift in stormwater management, offering holistic solutions to urban water challenges. This review examines SUDS principles, design strategies, effectiveness and barriers to implementation. SUDS prioritize infiltration and mimic natural hydrological processes to reduce flood risk, improve water quality and support ecosystems in urban environments. Effective SUDS design integrates different components such as permeable pavements, green roofs, and rain gardens, tailored to the local context. Evidence suggests that well-designed SUDS can mitigate peak flows, reduce runoff volumes, and purify water. However, barriers to widespread adoption include lack of awareness, upfront costs, and regulatory complexity. Overcoming these will require collaborative stakeholder action to prioritize education, policy support, and funding opportunities. Future research should focus on optimizing SUDS design, assessing long-term performance, and quantifying socio-economic benefits. By integrating SUDS into urban landscapes, cities can strengthen hydrological resilience, promote sustainability, and enrich urban life. Full article

Climatic and environmental issues have attracted considerable attention worldwide. Clarifying the interactions between urban land use efficiency (ULUE), industrial structure (IS), and carbon emissions intensity (CEI) is of considerable importance in promoting resource–economy–environment coordination. The temporal and spatial characteristics of ULUE, IS, and CEI were analyzed based on panel data from 309 cities in China from 2006 to 2021. A PVAR model was established to analyze the long-term and short-term dynamic and causal relationships among the three variables. ULUE, IS, and CEI showed an upward trend, but significant spatial heterogeneity existed. The three variables had a long-term cointegration relationship. Overall, ULUE had a positive effect on IS, and IS had a promotional effect on ULUE. ULUE and IS had bidirectional inhibitory effects on CEI. This indicates that improving ULUE, upgrading IS, improving energy efficiency, and reducing CEI may be necessary measures to mitigate the environmental impact of human activities. These research results can provide theoretical and policy support for promoting the coordination of resources, the economy, and the environment, and for achieving the promotion of urban high-quality green and sustainable development. Full article

This study investigates key demographic and behavioural factors influencing food waste behaviours among Greek consumers, offering insights into effective waste reduction strategies. Using k-means clustering, Greek consumers were segmented into three groups based on data from a structured online survey: ‘Moderate Consumers’, who demonstrate moderate awareness of food waste but lack consistent practices; ‘Indifferent Consumers’, primarily younger urban residents, with limited concern and significant contributions to waste; and ‘Conscious Consumers’, generally older individuals with structured habits that actively minimise waste. The findings reveal distinct engagement levels across these groups, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions. Conscious Consumers can serve as community advocates for sustainable practices, while Indifferent Consumers require targeted awareness campaigns to foster engagement. Moderate Consumers, with their sporadic efforts, could benefit from practical tools such as meal-planning apps. By exploring these unique consumer profiles, this research provides a culturally contextualised understanding of food waste attitudes in Greece and lays the groundwork for designing targeted strategies to encourage sustainable consumption. Full article

The inclusive and environmentally sustainable transformation of economic growth is a crucial indicator for the high-quality development of urban areas. In this perspective, this paper explores the connection between digital inclusive finance and inclusive green growth in 270 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2021. The study used a panel dataset, individual fixed-effects models, and multiple mediation models to analyze the results. The study findings reveal that digital inclusive finance effectively stimulates regional inclusive green growth and enhances positive transmission mainly by improving green technology innovation, increasing entrepreneurship levels, and promoting industrial structure upgrading, of which environmental-friendly technology innovation channels constitute the main contributor. The effects of regions, administrative hierarchy of cities, financial marketization, policy support, and environmental regulation are analyzed in heterogeneity analysis. To ensure the robustness of baseline results, this study utilized two-stage least squares (2-SLS) and difference in difference (DID) approaches. Moreover, this study offers valuable insights into the environmental implications of digital financial inclusion in emerging economies. Full article

Compacted soils in urban areas suffer from reduced porosity, impairing plant growth, water infiltration, and gas exchange, thus exacerbating other potential environmental issues. Amending soil with organic matter can reduce bulk density and increase permeability, thereby enhancing soil fertility and functionality. This study evaluated the effects of two organic soil amendments (i.e., chipped cork and municipal waste compost) on soil functionality and the physiology of Quercus ilex trees, following a soil compaction treatment. Five soil treatments were compared: control (no compaction and amendments), soil compaction without amendments, and compaction with amendments including cork, compost, or a combination of both. Soil and plant physiological responses were analyzed during the summer months, focusing on soil gas exchange, temperature, moisture, microbial respiration, enzymatic activity, leaf gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and maximum daily trunk shrinkage. The results showed that amended soils exhibited increased soil gas exchanges, lower temperatures, and higher microbial activity than non-amended compacted soils, thereby reducing the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant physiology. These findings suggested that incorporating organic amendments into urban soils, especially those subjected to frequent trampling, could make them more resistant/resilient to compaction, supporting healthier green spaces and more sustainable urban ecosystems. Full article

There is concern over potential toxic elements (PTEs) impacting river ecosystems due to human and industrial activities. The river’s water, sediment, and aquatic life are all severely affected by the release of chemical and urban waste. PTE concentrations in sediment, water, and aquatic species from river ecosystems are reported in this review. Among the PTEs, chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) revealed high pollution levels in water and aquatic species (fish and shellfish) at many rivers. The Karnaphuli, Ganga, and Lee rivers have high levels of Pb and Cd contamination, while the Buriganga and Korotoa rivers’ water had notable Ni contamination. A number of rivers with PTEs showed ecological risk as a consequence of the sediment’s potential ecological risk (PER), the pollutant load index (PLI), and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo). A comprehensive study suggests elevated PLI values in river sediments, indicating significant pollution levels, particularly in the Buriganga River sediment, marked by high Igeo values. The PER of the Shitalakshya and Buriganga rivers was marked as very high risk, with an Eⁱ_r > 320, while the Dhaleshwari and Khiru rivers showed ‘high risk’, with 160 = Eⁱ_r < 320. It was found that fish and shellfish from the Buriganga, Turag, and Swat rivers have a high concentration of Cr. PTE pollution across several river sites could pose health toxicity risks to humans through the consumption of aquatic species. The CR value shows the carcinogenic risk to human health from eating fish and shellfish, whereas an HI value > 1 suggests no carcinogenic risk. The occurrence of other PTEs, including manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), and nickel (Ni), significantly increases the ecological risk and concerns to aquatic life and human health. This study emphasises the importance of PTE toxicity risk and continuous monitoring for the sustainability of river ecosystems. Full article

With the accelerating process of global urbanization, the disaster risks faced by urban agglomerations are becoming more and more complex and diversified, and strengthening the research of disaster resilience is crucial to achieving the sustainable economic and social development of urban agglomerations. Taking 30 cities in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration (CPUA) between 2012 and 2022 as research objects, this paper innovatively fixed a common disaster resilience assessment index system; then, the disaster resilience index was calculated and significance was detected by a paired t-test. Finally, the spatial evolution and obstacle factors of CPUA were explored by Moran’s I and SDM Model. The results show that the disaster resilience of CPUA in 2012–2022 shows significant growth (p < 0.01), and the growth rate in the early period is greater than that in the late period. In terms of spatial distribution, the disaster resilience showed a pattern of high in the northwest and low in the southeast, which obviously evolved over time, presenting obvious regional asynchrony and incoherence. The spatial heterogeneity of disaster resilience was strong, and the cities with significant agglomeration account for only 30%, mainly belonging to the L-L agglomeration type. The spatial spillover effects of resistance, recovery, and adaptability were significant (p < 0.01), among which the resistance dimension was the main obstacle factor. This study contributes to the existing literature in two ways. It explores the significance of temporal evolution as well as the spillover effect of spatial evolution, which were seldom seen. The research results can provide a reference for the construction and governance of disaster resilience both in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration and other cities. Full article

Nowadays, traffic management challenges in the era of digital transport are rising, as the interactions of various stakeholders providing such technologies play a pivotal role in shaping traffic dynamics. The objective of this paper was to present a game-theory-based framework for modeling and optimizing urban traffic in road networks, considering the co-existence and interactions of different players composed of drivers of conventional vehicles, central governing authorities with traffic management capabilities, and competitive or cooperative connected mobility private service providers. The scope of this work was to explore and present the outcomes of diverse mixed equilibrium conditions in the road network of the city of Thessaloniki (Greece), integrating the principles of user equilibrium, system optimum, and Cournot oligopoly. The impacts of varying network attributes were systematically analyzed to provide quantitative indicators representing the overall network performance. Analysis of the results provided insights into the sensitivity and the resilience of the road network under various prevalence schemes of drivers of conventional vehicles, representing the user equilibrium characteristics, or drivers relying on traffic guidance provided by a central governing authority, representing the system optimum principles as well as the cooperation and competition schemes of private connected mobility providers with certain market shares in the network. Full article

The extent to which fishery ecological protection policy objectives are aligned with fishermen’s preferences is central to their participation in environmental protection behavior and can enhance their utility. In this study, survey data are analyzed from 352 fishing households in Weihai City, China, using the choice experiment method and a random parameter logit model to examine the differences in the fishermen’s target preferences for fishery ecological protection measures and their behavior in terms of participation in environmental protection. The results indicate that incorporating fishery ecological policy objectives into conservation programs significantly increases the fishermen’s enthusiasm for environmental protection and their willingness to participate, reflecting their ecological and social rationality. In addition, the environmental protection behavior of fishermen is influenced by their ecological awareness of fisheries, risk perception, willingness to pay, per capita annual income, employment status, number of laborers, fishery technology training, participation in cooperatives, and education level, in addition to other important factors, including the economic conditions and social background. Therefore, designing fishery ecological protection plans that incorporate various policy objectives from which fishermen can choose provides effective decision support and practical pathways for fishery ecological protection and sustainable development. The effective alignment of policies with fishermen’s preferences can thereby enhance their participation in environmental protection. Full article

The LBS2ITS project, titled “Curricula Enrichment Delivered through the Application of Location-Based Services to Intelligent Transport Systems”, is a collaborative initiative funded by the Erasmus+ program of the European Union. The primary objectives of the project were twofold: to develop new curricula and modernize existing programs at four universities in Sri Lanka. This effort was driven by the need to align educational offerings with the rapidly evolving fields of Location-Based Services (LBSs) and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs). A key feature of the LBS2ITS project is its interdisciplinary approach, which draws on expertise from a range of academic disciplines. The project has successfully developed curricula that integrate diverse fields such as geomatics, cartography, transport engineering, urban planning, environmental engineering, and computer science. By blending these perspectives, the curricula provide students with a holistic understanding of LBSs and ITSs, preparing them to address complex, real-world challenges that span multiple sectors. In this paper, the curriculum development and modernization process is detailed, with a particular focus on the two key phases: teacher training and curriculum development. The teacher training phase was crucial in equipping educators with the skills and knowledge necessary to deliver the new and updated courses. This phase also provided an opportunity for teachers to familiarize themselves with the latest trends and technologies in LBSs and ITSs, ensuring that they could effectively convey this information to students. The development phase focused on the creation of the curriculum itself, ensuring that it met both academic standards and industry needs. The curriculum was designed to be flexible and responsive to emerging technologies and methodologies, allowing for continuous improvement and adaptation. Additionally, the paper delves into the theoretical frameworks underpinning the methodologies employed in the project. These include Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Problem-Based e-Learning (PBeL), both of which encourage active student engagement and foster critical thinking by having students tackle real-world problems. The emphasis on PBL ensures that students not only acquire theoretical knowledge but also develop practical problem-solving skills applicable to their future careers in LBSs and ITSs. Furthermore, the project incorporated rigorous quality assurance (QA) mechanisms to ensure that the teaching methods and curriculum content met high standards. This included regular feedback loops, stakeholder involvement, and iterative refinement of course materials based on evaluations from both students and industry experts. These QA measures are essential for maintaining the relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of the curricula over time. In summary, the LBS2ITS project represents a significant effort to enrich and modernize university curricula in Sri Lanka by integrating cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary approaches. Through a combination of innovative teaching methodologies, comprehensive teacher training, and robust quality assurance practices, the project aims to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in the fields of LBSs and ITSs. Full article

Land management strategies play a pivotal role in the sustainable development of a region. Integrating space syntax into the ecological–social perspective to assess habitat services and optimize multi-scenario simulations and evaluations is crucial for developing resilient strategies for the future. This study takes Lanzhou, a semi-arid region, as a case study, combining multi-model analysis to explore the relationship between habitat quality and spatial accessibility and to conduct habitat service zoning. The findings indicate that under four development scenarios, the ecological network generally shows a three-segment distribution. The factors that have the most significant impacts on cultivated land, forests, shrubs, construction land, and bare land are GDP, precipitation, temperature, population density, and NDVI, respectively. The ecological priority scenario features the most corridors, while the cultivated land protection scenario incurs the lowest construction costs. Across various analysis radii of space syntax, except for MED at a 6000 m radius, the ecological priority scenario exhibits excellent network accessibility. The coupling coordination degree of the four scenarios generally lies within a mild imbalance level, with a spatial distribution pattern characterized by “high in the west and low in the east”. Based on 10 types of habitat services, a priority management sequence for land and key governance towns was established, leading to the proposal of a “dual coordination” multi-center compact network layout model. This research not only enriches the theory of land ecology but also overcomes the shortcomings in land spatial planning, addresses the practical problems of land development transformation in Lanzhou, and offers new data support and ideas for the construction of ecological cities in semi-arid regions. Full article

A multi-objective optimization method based on the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II was proposed to address the problem of spatial layout optimization in urban renewal. The study first constructed an urban spatial layout model with net zero carbon as the core concept, setting three optimization objectives: minimizing net carbon emissions, maximizing regional GDP, and compact utilization of land functions. By introducing the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II for multi-objective optimization of the solution, this algorithm uses fitness non-dominated sorting and crowding distance calculation to maintain population diversity and combined the approximate ideal solution sorting method to improve convergence. The experiment outcomes indicate that the raised algorithm achieves an optimization result of 5.79 × 10⁻²⁰ in the Rastrigin function and exhibits better uniformity in the distribution of solution values in the ZDT1 function. In terms of urban spatial layout, the optimized scheme has a net carbon emission of 19,821.80 tons, a regional GDP of 2.342367 billion USD, and a compact land function of 5791.93, indicating that the scheme not only effectively controls carbon emissions but also demonstrates the rationality and sustainability of land resource use. Full article

Exploring the economic value of carbon sinks in agricultural systems can improve the development of sustainable agriculture. However, there are few studies on the economic value of farmland carbon sinks from a systemic perspective. This study takes Zhejiang, China’s first common wealth demonstration zone, as an example, and quantifies the carbon sinks in farmland and their economic value. The driving mechanism is analyzed by using a system dynamics model. The potential value and management of farmland carbon sinks are discussed. The results show that from 2007 to 2021, the average annual carbon sinks in farmland of Zhejiang were 5.84 million tons, a downward trend. The annual economic value was CNY 149.80 million, a marked upward trend. A rational fertilization project is a win-win ecological and economical measure to enhance the carbon sinks in farmland. Artificially increasing the carbon price to 32% will help Zhejiang achieve the core goal of the common prosperity plan, bringing the urban–rural income gap below 1.9 in 2025. Achieving the economic value of farmland carbon sinks is a green way to narrow the urban–rural income gap. Our study indicates that the marketization of carbon sinks in agricultural land systems may be a very promising path to promote green agriculture. Full article

The Indonesian population is projected to increase by 66.65 in 2035 due to the continuous rise in urbanization globally. The growth contributed to the growing housing backlog and limited availability of residential spaces. This led to the evolution of incremental housing construction as an appropriate solution to residents’ needs. However, several factors hinder the implementation of incremental housing, including prolonged construction durations that delay the completion of an entire house, compromised quality of workmanship and materials, as well as poor flexibility. Conventional on-site construction, with concrete serving as the main material, led to prolonged construction time, difficult renovation, and untreatable waste. Preliminary studies have been conducted on incremental housing from urban development and financial perspectives, with none on alternative construction systems. Therefore, this study aimed to develop flexible and sustainable incremental housing with an assembly–disassembly system capable of reducing construction time and waste. This study experimented on the connection systems through digital simulations and prototypes leading to a construction system that combines frames and panels in a semi-volumetric system. It also combined a plug-and-play connection type to achieve the highest assembly–disassembly efficiency value (0.07), the lowest waste (below 25%), and a 30% shorter construction time. The result showed no displacement when tested with a load of up to 3 tons. This study contributed to the growing body of knowledge on alternative incremental house construction techniques, paving the way for more adaptable and environmentally responsible housing solutions in urban settings, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like Indonesia. Full article

The article examines the complex and not yet extensively researched problem of the impact of fire safety regulations in Poland, including associated methods and devices, on cultural heritage, with a focus on historical architecture and its surroundings in Polish historical urban centers. It addresses a broad interdisciplinary field, summarizing issues from architecture and urban planning, the conservation of monuments, and fire safety, as well as structural safety, safety engineering, and axiology. The core question is how fire protection methods and measures affect the values of architectural heritage, including historical buildings, their immediate neighborhoods, and the broader cultural landscape. The study employs the historical–interpretive research method, which primarily based on an analysis of the literature, technical and construction regulations, standards, and materials provided by suppliers of specialized solutions, which are supplemented by observational and critical analysis methods. The main findings indicate that the rigorous application of fire safety regulations can both safeguard human life and property and, at the same time, pose risks to the authenticity and integrity of historical architecture. These findings highlight the importance of tailored solutions and interdisciplinary collaboration to balance safety with the preservation of cultural heritage. Full article

The optimization of urban multi-source water supply systems is essential for addressing the growing challenges of water allocation, cost management, and system resilience in modern cities. This study introduces a graph-theory-based optimization model to analyze the structural and operational dynamics of urban water supply systems, incorporating constraints such as water quality, pressure, and system connectivity. Using Lishui City as a case study, the model evaluates three water allocation plans to meet the projected 2030 water demand. Advanced algorithms, including Floyd’s shortest path algorithm and the GA-COA-SA hybrid optimization algorithm, were employed to address constraints such as pipeline pressure, water quality attenuation, and nonlinear flow dynamics. Results indicate a 1.4% improvement in cost-effectiveness compared to the current allocation strategy, highlighting the model’s capability to enhance efficiency. Among the evaluated options, Plan 2 emerges as the most cost-effective solution, achieving a supply capacity of 4.5920 × 10⁵ m³/d with the lowest annual cost of 5.7015 × 10⁷ yuan, highlighting the model’s capability to improve both efficiency and resilience. This study prioritizes cost-efficiency tailored to regional challenges, distinguishing itself from prior research that emphasized redundancy and water quality analysis. The findings demonstrate the potential of graph-theoretic approaches combined with advanced optimization techniques to enhance decision-making for sustainable urban water management. Full article

Rapid urbanization in China has profoundly transformed its urban systems, bringing about considerable ecological challenges and significant imbalances between urban growth and ecological health. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomeration, as one of China’s most economically dynamic regions, exemplifies the complex interactions between rapid urbanization and environmental sustainability. This study examined these dynamics using statistical yearbook and geographic information data from 1999 to 2018. Through a multi-scale approach integrating panel entropy, coupled coordination analysis, and FLUS models, we evaluated the relationship between urbanization and ecology at both the agglomeration and city levels. The findings revealed that while the overall coordination between urbanization and ecology in the PRD has improved, it remains at a moderate level with pronounced core-periphery disparities. Core cities face increasing ecological pressures and inefficient land use patterns. Simulation results, under three distinct policy scenarios—“unconstrained”, “growth machine”, and “compact and intensive usage/urban renewal”—and validated through field research, indicate that urban renewal presents a viable strategy for optimizing land use and mitigating ecological pressures. The study provides both a comprehensive diagnostic framework for assessing urban health and sustainability and practical intervention pathways, particularly for regions experiencing similar rapid urbanization challenges. The insights gained are especially relevant to other developing countries, offering strategies to enhance urban resilience and ecological sustainability while addressing persistent regional inequalities. Full article

Amid accelerating globalization and resource scarcity, rapid urbanization and population mobility have made sustainable development a critical issue for cities. Frequent relocations pose furniture disposal challenges for many young migrants, with high transportation costs and furniture wear increasing their economic burden and resource waste. Origami design effectively addresses these needs with its portability, easy storage, simplified manufacturing, and reduced failure rates. However, most furniture designers lack origami expertise, limiting their ability to leverage these benefits. This study integrates the existing literature and presents a sustainable furniture design method combining Rhinoceros 3D, Grasshopper, and Crane, enabling designers to incorporate origami principles with limited prior knowledge. The results show that this method not only enhances the economic feasibility of furniture but also balances user needs, commercial interests, and environmental sustainability, offering new insights for urban sustainable development. Full article

The ecological urban agglomeration around Poyang Lake represents a critical development area in the Yangtze River basin. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation are explored from the perspective of the city’s functional position, providing important insights for the city to achieve the dual-carbon target and green development. The study evaluates the spatiotemporal variations in NPP from 2003 to 2022 in the eco-urban agglomeration around Poyang Lake, using the CASA model. Its variation characteristics were explored in detail from a completely new perspective and scope using indicators such as cycle amplitudes, CV coefficients, Hurst indices, and others. Results indicate seasonal fluctuations and significant variations between urban areas and vegetation, with implications for sustainable development. The annual NPP ranged from 200 to 800 gC/(m²·a), with a change rate of 0.58 gC/(m²·a) and evident seasonal fluctuations in the study area. Notably, urban core cities like Jiujiang and Nanchang exhibit lower NPP and decreasing trends. Scenic areas showed high forest cover and vigorous NPP changes, highlighting the need for targeted urban ecological management to enhance green development. Additionally, the seasonal fluctuations in NPP were notably influenced by specific land use types and local economic conditions. In areas with high vegetation cover, the seasonal characteristics of NPP are pronounced, while they are less evident in regions with strong urban economic conditions. Full article

In the urbanization development trend, constructing inter-provincial metropolitan areas has gradually become an important pathway for China to implement its new urbanization strategy. Economic development in metropolitan areas inevitably leads to ecological degradation and fragmentation, threatening biodiversity. A reasonable assessment and optimization of the ecological network structure of inter-provincial metropolitan areas can effectively improve the stability of regional ecosystems and contribute to the sustainable development of urban and rural environments. In this study, we optimized the identification of ecological sources at the metropolitan area scale by constructing the ‘MIE’ model combined with the threshold analysis method, identified the core ecological sources in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area, a typical cross-provincial metropolitan area in China, and then extracted the ecological corridors by using the Linkage Mapper tool based on this method. The spatiotemporal patterns and components of the ecological network of the Xuzhou metropolitan area from 1990 to 2020 were assessed, and an optimization analysis was performed based on the current ecological network. The results show that urban expansion has caused a decentralized layout of the ecological space in the study area across the provincial metropolitan area, with an uneven distribution of ecological sources and the development of ecological corridors in an east-dense and west-sparse pattern in 30 years. Increased interference by human activities has decreased the landscape dominance of the regional ecological resources and overall fragmentation of the habitats. The number of ecological corridors decreased, the average length of ecological corridors increased, the difficulty of biological flow increased, the connectivity of the ecological network structure decreased, and accessibility between source areas decreased. The α, β, and γ indices of the regional ecological network increased by 0.16, 0.46, and 0.1, respectively, after restoring important ecological sources and corridors. This study provides a framework for ecological network assessment and optimization in cross-provincial metropolitan areas, which is of great significance for studying metropolitan areas at similar stages of development. Full article

This research presents a proposal for alkali-activated permeable concrete composites with the use of industrial by-products, including ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and waste-foundry sand, as well as agro-desecrate product, i.e., sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA). GGBS and SBA served as binders, with crushed granite as coarse aggregate and waste-foundry sand as fine aggregate. The novelty of this proposal is in examining the influence of SBA, in combination with slag, on the fresh- and hardened-state properties of the proposed permeable concretes. Experiments were conducted to optimize the SBA percentage based on hydraulic conductivity and compressive and tensile strength after 28 days of air curing. The hardened density, compaction factor (workability), and saturated water absorption were also measured for all the mixes. Furthermore, the control and optimal mixes were subjected to evaluate the microstructure analysis (EDX, XRD, and FESEM) after 28 days of air curing. The mix containing 100% GGBS and 0% SBA served as the reference, with the optimal 10% SBA mix (with 90% GGBS) used for comparative analysis to understand its effect on the properties of permeable composites. The results showed positive or acceptable mechanical performance at a mix ratio of 10% SBA to 90% GGBS as binders. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the engineering behavior of alkali-activated permeable composites, facilitating the rational design of permeable pavement systems through the effective use of agro-industrial waste products, thereby conserving ecosystems while meeting engineering requirements. Full article

This study investigates the potential of biochar production from urban pruning waste as a sustainable solution within a circular economy framework. Urban green waste, often underutilized, typically increases landfill burden and greenhouse gas emissions. Converting pruning waste into biochar reduces landfill reliance while enabling stable carbon sequestration. Utilizing the circular triple-layered business model canvas (CTLBMC), biochar’s impact is evaluated across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This structured analysis is based on a theoretical framework and uses secondary data to illustrate the model’s applicability. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that biochar derived from urban green waste not only improves soil phytotoxicity and enables long-term carbon sequestration, but also offers economic benefits, including municipal cost savings in waste management and diversified revenue streams from biochar sales. Socially, biochar production promotes community engagement in sustainable practices and supports urban greening initiatives, enhancing local ecosystems. The findings suggest that biochar production, assessed through the CTLBMC framework, represents a viable circular business model. This approach provides significant environmental, economic, and social benefits over conventional disposal, offering valuable insights for policymakers, waste management professionals, and urban planners advancing circular economy solutions. Full article

Urbanization and its impact on land use and land cover change are key drivers of global carbon balance shifts. Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon balance in relation to urbanization helps optimize regional planning and sustainable development. This study develops a city-level land use carbon balance system to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use carbon balance across 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Moran’s Index is applied to assess the spatial correlation of carbon balance, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is used to explore the relationship between urbanization levels and net carbon emissions. The results show the following: (1) From 2005 to 2021, land use carbon absorption in YREB cities remained relatively stable, whereas carbon emissions increased. Net carbon emissions increased by 574.61, 456.16, and 1163.60 Mt C in the upper, middle, and lower reaches, respectively. Nearly 98% of the cities exhibited a carbon balance index greater than 1, indicating a carbon deficit. Carbon emission intensity displayed a decreasing trend, with the most significant reductions observed in the middle reaches. (2) Land use carbon balance exhibits significant positive spatial correlation, with cities in the northeastern lower reaches and southwestern upper reaches forming “high–high” and “low–low” net carbon emission clusters. (3) Urbanization and per capita net carbon emissions followed an inverted “N”-shaped curve, with turning points at around 30% and 85% urbanization. This study provides insights into optimizing land use carbon management amidst urban growth in the YREB. Full article

In many countries, the urban–rural income inequality affects healthy and sustainable economic development and is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. As a new industrial development model, rural industrial convergence can provide new ideas and impetus for alleviating the urban–rural income inequality. This study, drawing on provincial panel data from China spanning 2010 to 2022, used the entropy method and Theil index to measure the rural industrial convergence and the urban–rural income inequality, respectively, and empirically tested the effect and mechanism of rural industrial convergence on the urban–rural income inequality. The results showed the following: (1) Rural industrial convergence had a notable impact on alleviating the urban–rural income inequality. (2) Rural industrial convergence could help reduce the urban–rural income inequality by increasing the scale of land operation. (3) The government attention to green development could positively moderate the impact of rural industrial convergence on the urban–rural income inequality; the deeper the government attention to green development, the greater the role rural industrial convergence played in alleviating the urban–rural income inequality. (4) There was a threshold effect in the alleviating effect of rural industrial convergence on the urban–rural income inequality, which was gradually strengthened when the growth of the digital economy and the enhancement of the business environment were beyond the threshold point. (5) Rural industrial convergence also had significant spatial spillover effects on adjacent regions. Overall, the findings of this study enrich the research on the impact of rural industrial convergence on the urban–rural income inequality and provide insights for other similar countries. Full article

This research explores the perceptions of tourists regarding the state and sustainable management of tangible cultural heritage in the city of Porto (Portugal), the destination recognised for its historical and cultural heritage. Porto attracts a growing number of tourists due to its rich heritage, encompassing cultural, architectural, and scenic elements. This rising demand necessitates sustainable management practices to protect the city’s heritage and ensure long-term sustainability. With the increase in tourism and the need to preserve cultural and environmental resources, sustainable management becomes essential to balance economic development and heritage conservation. The study’s main objective is to analyse tourists’ perspectives on the sustainable management of the cultural heritage of the city of Porto. It focuses on analysing current tourism management practices and calls for new strategies to promote sustainability. Structured questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of tourists in strategic locations between January and April 2023, obtaining quantitative data. The sample consists of 264 respondents. The results revealed four main factors, showing that most respondents show a high level of awareness and appreciation of sustainability and its relevance for heritage conservation. Regarding tourism, the majority agree that it contributes positively to the conservation and restoration of the city’s heritage. Full article

Earth observation (EO) data are essential for monitoring and planning public policies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Despite significant public investments at the European level, the socio-economic impact on public administrations, especially local and regional authorities (LRAs), remains suboptimal. This limited adoption may hinder the enhancement of cities’ and regions’ capability to address climate change and sustainable development effectively. This article aims to (1) map the use of EO data and services by Italian LRAs, (2) investigate barriers to adoption and perceived benefits, and (3) identify influential factors and provide recommendations for adoption. A case study methodology was employed, focusing on Italian LRAs. A survey covering 37 variables across five categories was distributed. Data from 109 respondents indicated an EO data adoption rate of approximately 58%, with higher rates in North-East and Central Italy and among regions compared to cities. EO data are primarily used for land cover and urban planning, with significant applications in climate change management. While LRAs recognise benefits such as time and economic savings and monitoring efficacy, they face many barriers, including exogenous and endogenous factors. This paper delves into these barriers and recommends enhancing EO data adoption among LRAs. Full article

The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, a vital agricultural area in China with a significant amount of arable land, plays a pivotal role in influencing grain production, ecological carbon cycles, and global climate change through its shifts in land use. Within this research, we have employed the ArcGIS tool and the In-VEST-Geodetector-PLUS methodology to scrutinize the shifts in carbon storage from the year 2000 to 2020, determine the pivotal influences behind these shifts, and anticipate the projected carbon storage for 2030. Although there has been a slight increase in forested areas as a result of environmental policies, the conversion of cropland to impervious surfaces due to urbanization has led to a persistent decrease in carbon storage, with a cumulative loss of 272.79 million metric tons over the two decades. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Night-Time Lights (NTL), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Population (POP) are critical factors impacting carbon storage, reflecting the intricate connection between socio-economic development and natural ecosystems. The multi-scenario simulations for 2030 suggest that the least reduction in carbon storage would occur under the scenario of protecting arable land, while the most significant decrease would be under the urban expansion scenario, highlighting the impact of urbanization. The study’s results emphasize the critical need to harmonize agricultural land conservation with economic progress for the enduring growth of the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Full article

Many studies in the literature have assessed the blue–green infrastructure (BGI) characteristics that influence its cooling potential for sustainable urban development. Common assessment methods include satellite remote sensing, numerical simulations, and field measurements, each defining different cooling efficiency indicators. This methodological diversity creates uncertainties in optimizing BGI management. To address this, a literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, examining how the BGI cools urban space, which spatial data and methods are most effective, which methodological differences may affect the results, and what the current research gaps and innovative future directions are. The results suggest that remote sensing is ideal for large-scale BGI comparisons, numerical simulations for local development scenarios, and field measurements for assessing conditions closest to residents. Maximum BGI cooling intensity averages show 4 °C from remote sensing, 3 °C from field measurements, and 2 °C from numerical simulations. Differences in conclusions may arise from differences in the data resolution, model scale, BGI delineation method, and cooling range calculation. The key BGI characteristics include object size, vegetation fraction, foliage density, and spatial connectivity. Future research should prioritize the integration of the different methods, BGI shape complexity effectiveness assessment, and effects of urban morphology on evaluating BGI characteristics’ effectiveness, and explore digital twin technology for BGI management optimization. This study integrates key information on BGI’s cooling capabilities, serving as a useful resource for both practitioners and researchers to support resilient city development. Full article

The leather industry is experiencing a significant rise in production, resulting in an increase in discarded materials–often classified as urban waste—that end up in landfills or are incinerated. Given the geographical proximity of the leather goods sector in Ubrique to the cork stopper manufacturing industry in El Puerto de Santa María/Jerez and to the viticulture sector in Jerez/Sanlúcar/Chiclana, it is essential to explore synergies that can address environmental challenges by contemplating a circular economy approach. This study focuses on the existing potential of repurposing discarded materials, such as reinforcements and linings, by meticulously recording, classifying, and characterizing them. The aim is to valorize these by-products in line with the circular economy principles set out by the European Union. Specifically, the research investigates the feasibility of using these materials as raw inputs, in combination with resins, to produce bottle stoppers for the high-end spirits industry. Findings indicate that a single company generates over six tons of textile waste per month, which equates to approximately EUR 25,000 annually in landfill disposal costs. By implementing a circular alternative that uses just 8.75% of these materials, an economic saving of around EUR 750 per year was reached. In addition, a low-cost vacuum molding method was tested for producing stoppers, yielding aesthetically pleasing and durable prototypes. The application of a materials circularity index enabled the identification of optimal remnants for reintroduction into the production cycle. This re-integration not only reduces the reliance on virgin plastic materials, but also has the potential to significantly reduce the overall environmental impact across interconnected sectors. Ultimately, this study highlights the viability of adopting circular economy practices within the leather goods sector to promote sustainability and economic efficiency. Full article

To enhance the scientific and accurate assessment methods for urban waterlogging risk in City B and to promote sustainable urban development, this paper conducts a detailed evaluation of waterlogging risk from three dimensions: pedestrian safety, road traffic, and waterlogging-prone areas. After considering existing monitoring technologies and the constructed waterlogging model, the paper identifies standing water depth, standing water duration, and standing water velocity as the key indicators for waterlogging risk assessment and utilizes scenario simulation methods to evaluate waterlogging risk across these dimensions. Additionally, the paper employs boundary conditions of 2-h short-duration rainfall with a 5-year return period and 24-h long-duration rainfall with a 50-year return period for the assessment. The evaluation results indicate that, for pedestrian safety, under both short and long-duration rainfall conditions, low-risk areas represent the largest proportion of risk areas, reaching 6.36% and 10.83% of the total area, respectively. In the road traffic assessment, the proportions of severely congested roads under short- and long-duration rainfall conditions are 27.06% and 57.15%, respectively. In the evaluation of waterlogging-prone areas, high-risk areas account for the largest proportion of risk areas under both short- and long-duration rainfall conditions, reaching 0.64% and 1.42% of the total area, respectively. Full article

Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG 15) specifically targets the protection, restoration, and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, mountains, and drylands, along with their biodiversity. This study localizes the SDG 15 indicator system and integrates geospatial and statistical data to construct an enhanced evaluation framework for assessing the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems at the county level. The proposed system encompasses key indicators such as forest coverage rate, terrestrial biodiversity, sustainable forest management, land degradation neutrality, mountain biodiversity, and mountain green cover index. Using Guilin City as a study area, the ecological status of each county was assessed over the period 2010 to 2020, providing valuable insights to guide ecological conservation and sustainable development efforts. The main results are as follows: (1) Spatial heterogeneity is evident in the distribution of key biodiversity areas, which are concentrated in the northern and southeastern mountainous regions of Guilin. (2) Land degradation during the assessment period is notably smaller than during the baseline period, though a significant gap remains toward achieving land degradation neutrality. (3) Sustainable development scores for terrestrial ecosystems show an overall upward trend across counties, but the poor performance in sustainable forest management affects the comprehensive sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystems in Guilin. The localized SDG 15 indicator system proposed in this paper can effectively quantify changes in terrestrial ecosystems and visualize their spatial distribution, and can effectively serve as a model for other sustainable development areas. Full article

Optimizing urban spatial form has become an important research topic for promoting urban sustainable development and improving energy efficiency. This study selects 164 high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area as the research object and constructs three multi-objective optimization frameworks and mathematical models for the spatial form of high-rise residential blocks based on the Rhino and Grasshopper parametric platform. The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method is combined to further screen the Pareto front solutions, and global sensitivity analysis of spatial form parameters is conducted using Simlab to explore the multi-objective optimization strategies for the spatial form of high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area, guided by energy performance. Practical cases are selected for verification. The results show that, (1) after multi-objective optimization, the optimal scheme for the determinant type reduces EUI by 7.22%, increases PVP by 28.84%, and reduces CGR by 2.21%. The optimal scheme for the point-cluster type reduces EUI by 3.80%, increases PVP by 7.34%, and reduces CGR by 2.30%. The optimal scheme for the staggered type reduces EUI by 6.66%, increases PVP by 17.65%, and reduces CGR by 2.26%. (2) The potential order of spatial form optimization for the three types of high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area is determinant type > staggered type > point-cluster type. (3) The spatial form parameters most sensitive to the three architectural performance goals of EUI, PVP, and CGR are floor area ratio and average number of floors. The research results will provide quantifiable references for scientific decision-making in the design practice of high-rise residential blocks in the Changsha area and even in regions with hot summers and cold winters. Full article

This review explores the novel integration of data-driven approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), in advancing building energy retrofits. This study uniquely emphasizes the emerging role of explainable AI (XAI) in addressing transparency and interpretability challenges, fostering the broader adoption of data-driven solutions among stakeholders. A critical contribution of this review is its in-depth analysis of innovative applications of AI techniques to handle incomplete data, optimize energy performance, and predict retrofit outcomes with enhanced accuracy. Furthermore, the review identifies previously underexplored areas, such as scaling data-driven methods to diverse building typologies and incorporating future climate scenarios in retrofit planning. Future research directions include improving data availability and quality, developing scalable urban simulation tools, advancing modeling techniques to include life-cycle impacts, and creating practical decision-support systems that integrate economic and environmental metrics, paving the way for efficient and sustainable retrofitting solutions. Full article

Despite the advancement in autonomous vehicles, public trust and acceptance are crucial for AV’s widespread adoption. This study examines how different collaboration levels between human drivers and artificial intelligence influence users’ trust and acceptance of AVs. Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model, this study incorporates psychological factors and technological attitudes such as perceived safety, perceived risk, AI literacy, and AI technophobia. Data collected from 392 vehicle owners across 11 Chinese cities were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and Multi-Group Analysis. The findings reveal that at the fully manual level, perceived ease of use significantly influences perceived usefulness, while trust remains grounded in mechanical reliability rather than AI systems. In contrast, as AI assumes driving responsibilities at collaborative automation levels, the findings show that AI literacy significantly increases perceived trust and ease of use, while AI technophobia decreases them, with these effects varying across different driving automation levels. As AI takes on greater driving responsibilities, perceived ease of use becomes less critical, and perceived trust increasingly influences users’ acceptance. These findings highlight the need for targeted public education and phased automation strategies, offering guidance for AV developers to address user concerns and build trust in autonomous technologies. By enhancing public trust and acceptance, this study contributes to sustainable development by promoting safer roads and enabling more efficient, resource-conscious transportation systems. Gradually integrating AVs into urban mobility also supports smart city initiatives, fostering more sustainable urban environments. Full article

The integration of Full Electric Vehicles (FEVs) into the smart city ecosystem is an essential step towards achieving sustainable urban mobility. This study presents a comprehensive mobility network model designed to predict and optimize the energy supply for FEVs within smart cities. The model integrates advanced components such as a Charge Station Control Center (CSCC), smart charging infrastructure, and a dynamic user interface. Important aspects include analyzing power consumption, forecasting urban energy demand, and monitoring the State of Charge (SoC) of FEV batteries using innovative algorithms validated through real-world applications in Valencia (Spain) and Ljubljana (Slovenia). Results indicate high accuracies in SoC tracking (error < 0.05%) and energy demand forecasting (MSE ~6 × 10⁻⁴), demonstrating the model’s reliability and adaptability across diverse urban environments. This research contributes to the development of resilient, efficient, and sustainable smart city frameworks, emphasizing real-time data-driven decision-making in energy and mobility management. Full article

Existing support systems for thermal pipeline trenches often fail to meet the specific needs of narrow strips, tight timelines, and short construction periods in urban environments. This study introduces a novel recyclable, non-embedded support system composed of corrugated steel plates, retractable horizontal braces, angle steel, and high-strength bolts designed to address these challenges. The system’s effectiveness was validated through prototype testing and optimized using Abaqus finite element simulations. The research hypothesizes that this new support structure will enhance construction efficiency, reduce installation costs, and provide adaptable and sustainable solutions in urban trench applications. Prototype tests demonstrated that the proposed support had maintained safety and stability in trenches of 2 m and 3 m depth under a 58 kPa load and rainfall, as well as the 4 m deep trenches under asymmetric loading of 80 kPa. Optimization of the proposed system included installing two screw jacks on each horizontal brace and adjusting the corrugated plates, resulting in reduced weight, improved node strength, and enhanced screw jack adjustability. Numerical simulations confirmed the optimized system’s reliability in trenches up to 3 m deep, with caution required for deeper applications to avoid structural failure. The proposed support system offers notable advantages over traditional methods by improving construction efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability while also reducing costs, ensuring safety, and promoting environmental sustainability. Its modular design allows for rapid installation and disassembly, making it suitable for projects with strict deadlines and diverse construction conditions. The findings uphold the initial hypotheses and demonstrate the system’s practicality in urban trench projects. Full article

Nostalgic scenes can trigger nostalgia to a considerable extent and can be effectively used as a nostalgic trigger that contributes to the psychological comfort of the elderly and immigrant populations, but a design system has not been adequately studied. Therefore, the design principles and digital twin (DT) design system of nostalgic scenes is proposed in this study. It focuses on the construction of a nostalgic scene DT model based on the system of system (SoS) theory. Nostalgic scenes related to farm work are selected and photos of this DT model from a particular perspective are generated for presentation. Co-occurrence analysis is used to verify the correlation between elements within the scene. We invited two groups of residents in Xi’an, the regional group and the non-regional group, a total of 68 people, as participants to rate three photos with different degrees of design on the Likert scale. The results of data analysis show that systematic and well-composed nostalgic scene images, which incorporate relevant elements, are more likely to evoke participants’ nostalgic emotions than ones without those elements mentioned above. Likewise, a series of nostalgic scene images spanning various periods can stimulate participants’ nostalgic emotions more effectively than a single image. Furthermore, region-specific nostalgic scene images that resonate with participants sharing similar lifestyles can trigger their nostalgic feelings more effectively. The digital twin model of the nostalgia scene contains multi-source data, which can be dynamically visualised to represent regional nostalgic experiences. The design system can be used to design nostalgic scenes to improve emotional health, social bonding, tourism, and sustainable urban and rural development. Full article

This study constructs an analytical framework to assess the effectiveness of collaborative governance in smart communities, focusing on six key elements: collaborative subjects, funding sources, community participants’ literacy, community-specific systems, community culture, and supporting facilities. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) on 20 typical cases of community governance, the study identifies that collaborative subjects and supporting facilities are necessary conditions for achieving effective community governance. Community culture and community participants’ literacy are recognized as sufficient conditions for effective collaborative governance involving multiple subjects in smart communities. The study also identifies several pathways to enhance the effectiveness of collaborative governance in smart communities, including the subject-–culture-embedded pathway, technology–resource-driven pathway, and system–talent-led pathway. These pathways highlight the integration of community-specific cultural elements and the leveraging of modern technologies to foster stakeholder engagement, enhance decision-making processes, and improve service delivery. The findings suggest that robust community culture and literacy, combined with advanced technological infrastructure and diverse funding sources, significantly contribute to the success of collaborative governance initiatives. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between these factors, the study offers valuable insights into the construction of smart communities and proposes strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of collaborative governance. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable urban development and the knowledge economy, emphasizing the crucial role of innovation, technology, and community engagement in shaping the future of smart cities. Full article

This paper evaluates whether and how tax reduction policies affect public–private partnership (PPP) projects in China by using the complete conversion from business tax to value-added tax (BT-to-VAT) as a significant case. This reform enhances overall productivity and intensifies fiscal pressure on local governments through substantial tax reductions. Utilizing a sample of PPP projects from 2014 to 2019 and a difference-in-differences methodology, this paper treats the BT-to-VAT reform’s full rollout as a quasi-natural experiment to estimate its impact on PPPs. The results indicate that the full rollout of this reform results in a 20.93% increase in the number of PPP projects and an 11.43% rise in investment values, notably accelerating project execution. Mechanism tests reveal that this reform exacerbates fiscal disparities among cities while boosting total factor productivity (TFP) at the city level. Consequently, it increases local government demand for PPP initiatives and strengthens social capital’s capacity to engage in such partnerships—ultimately facilitating broader adoption and implementation of the PPP model. Furthermore, the effect is more pronounced for PPPs in the transportation and urban development sectors. Additionally, stronger impacts are observed in cities characterized by larger fiscal gaps, higher infrastructure demands, and greater prior PPP experience, as well as those located in central and western regions. This paper is one of the first to quantitatively assess the effect of fully implementing BT-to-VAT transition on PPPs, which is crucial for sustainable development concerning infrastructure and fiscal sustainability. Full article

With the large-scale construction of urban rail transit viaducts in China, the noise problem caused by trains traversing these sections has become increasingly prominent and a key technical challenge that restricts the sustainable development of rail transit. There are two main noise sources when trains pass on rail transit viaducts, namely, wheel-rail noise (WRN) and bridge-borne noise (BBN). However, most of the existing rail transit viaduct noise prediction models consider only a single noise source. In this study, a total noise prediction model incorporating both WRN and BBN was established using the finite element method (FEM), the boundary element method (BEM), and statistical energy analysis (SEA). The viaducts of Wuhan Metro Line 2 were selected as the research object, and noise tests of trains passing on the viaducts were carried out to validate the total noise prediction model. Based on the validated model, the spatial distribution characteristics and attenuation laws of the total noise were investigated, along with the influence of train speed on the total noise. The results show that the prediction model accurately simulated the total noise caused by trains passing on viaducts. When a train passed on the viaduct at a speed of 60 km/h, the total noise near the viaduct reached 88 dB(A) and decreased with the increase in the distance; at 120 m from the track centerline, the total noise decreased to less than 57 dB(A). As the distance increased, the total noise diminished across the entire frequency spectrum. Notably, low-frequency noise decayed at a slower rate than high-frequency noise. As the distance from the track centerline doubled, the total noise decreased by about 4.23 dB(A). The total noise increased with train speed. When the train speed doubled, the total noise at 30 m and 120 m from the track centerline increased by 6.32 dB(A) and 5.96 dB(A), respectively. The reason for this phenomenon is that the wheel-rail forces increase with the increase in train speed. This study will have important guiding significance and scientific value for the sustainable development of urban rail transit. Full article

Enhancing urban innovation resilience is crucial for adapting to change and pursuing innovation-driven, high-quality development. The global trend of digital transformation has profound implications for urban innovation; however, the specific effects of digital transformation on urban innovation resilience remain insufficiently explored. This study utilizes panel data from 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China, spanning from 2007 to 2022. It treats the Broadband China Pilot (BCP) policy as a quasi-natural experiment of digital transformation and employs a time-varying Difference-in-Differences (DID) method to investigate the impact of digital transformation on urban innovation resilience. The results yield several important insights: (i) digital transformation enhances urban innovation resilience; (ii) the effect of digital transformation on urban innovation resilience is heterogeneous across regions and city sizes; (iii) digital transformation improves urban innovation resilience through the mediation effect of green total factor productivity (GTFP); (iv) urban industrial upgrading and urban innovation vitality play significant moderating roles in the relationship between digital transformation and urban innovation resilience. These findings contribute to a deeper theoretical understanding of the relationship between digital transformation and urban innovation resilience. Full article

As the world pivots to a greener paradigm, Shanghai emerges as an archetype in the sustainable urban transit narrative, particularly through the aggressive expansion and refinement of its electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. This scholarly article provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of charging infrastructure in Shanghai, highlighting the challenges that the existing infrastructure may face in light of the burgeoning electric vehicle market. This paper delves into the strategic development approaches adopted by Shanghai to address these challenges, particularly emphasizing the expansion of high-power charging infrastructure to meet the anticipated increase in future electric vehicle charging demands. It also discusses the implementation of co-construction and sharing models, the enhancement of interconnectivity and standardized management of charging facilities, and the continuous improvement and strengthening of infrastructure construction and operations. Furthermore, this article explores the implementation of time-of-use electricity pricing policies and the ongoing conduct of demand response activities, which are instrumental in creating conditions for vehicle-to-grid interaction. The aim of our presentation is to foster a keen understanding among policymakers, industry stakeholders, and urban planners of the mechanisms necessary to effectively navigate the emerging electric vehicle market, thereby encouraging harmonious development between metropolises and transportation systems. Future research endeavors should delve into the realms of fast-charging technologies, intelligent operation and maintenance of charging infrastructure, and vehicle-to-grid interaction technologies. These areas of study are pivotal in fostering the harmonious development of electric vehicles (EVs) and their charging infrastructure, thereby aligning with the dual objectives of advancing urban transportation systems and sustainable green city development. The findings presented herein offer valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and industry leaders, guiding them in crafting informed strategies that not only address the immediate needs of the EV market but also lay the groundwork for a scalable and resilient charging infrastructure, poised to support the long-term vision of sustainable urban mobility. Full article