Air Pollution and Health: From Exposure Assessment to Biological Mechanisms and Risk Prevention

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2026 | Viewed by 948

Editors

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Interests: environmental health; air pollution; particulate matter; risk assessment; exposure science; toxic effect and mechanism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Environment and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
Interests: environmental health; air pollution; nanoparticles; exposure and toxicity identification; molecular mechanism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: exposure modeling; particulate matter; oxidative potential; environmental health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Studies by the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that almost all of the world’s population breathes air that exceeds WHO air quality limits, posing a significant threat to human health. In addition, emerging pollutants could be bounded on particulate matters and enter into the human body, posing a threat to public health and safety. To understand the mechanisms underlying the health effects of air pollution, accurate exposure assessments—from ambient environments to internal human body burdens—need to be integrated with epidemiological investigations and advanced toxicological approaches. Furthermore, the linkages between ambient air pollutant exposure, internal biomarkers of air pollutants, and the biological mechanisms associated with health outcomes require further elucidation. In this Special Issue, “Air Pollution and Health: From Exposure Assessment to Biological Mechanisms and Risk Prevention”, we aim to present a collection of original articles or reviews on the following topics:

  1. Exposure assessment: integrating external and internal exposure to ambient air pollutants and emerging pollutants.
  2. Biological mechanisms: exploring the biological and molecular mechanisms based on both toxicological models and human observational studies.
  3. Innovative toxicity assessment methods: developing new methodologies for determining the toxicity and health impacts of air pollutants.
  4. Epidemiological studies: utilizing population-based cohorts, case–control, and time-series designs to assess the associations between short- and long-term air pollution exposure and a wide range of health endpoints.
  5. Health prevention: translating exposure and mechanistic evidence into strategies for reducing exposure and mitigating adverse health effects.

Dr. Ting Wang
Dr. Tingting Ku
Dr. Jia Xu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • air pollution
  • exposure assessment
  • epidemiological study
  • biological mechanism
  • emerging pollutants
  • health prevention

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 867 KB  
Article
Seasonal PM2.5 Exposure and Plasma Metabolome Changes Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Adults in Chiang Mai, Thailand
by Puriwat Fakfum, Churdsak Jaikang, Giatgong Konguthaithip, Wason Parklak, Hataichanok Chuljerm and Kanokwan Kulprachakarn
Toxics 2026, 14(7), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14070544 - 23 Jun 2026
Viewed by 576
Abstract
Chiang Mai, Thailand, experiences seasonal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution associated with metabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This prospective observational study compared plasma metabolomes of 25 healthy adults in Samoeng District, a highly affected area, between low and [...] Read more.
Chiang Mai, Thailand, experiences seasonal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution associated with metabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This prospective observational study compared plasma metabolomes of 25 healthy adults in Samoeng District, a highly affected area, between low and high PM2.5 exposure seasons using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Twenty-six metabolites differentiating haze and non-haze seasons were identified using PLS-DA (VIP > 1.5). During the haze season, 11 were elevated, whereas 15 were decreased. Among the elevated metabolites, the top five—maleylacetoacetic acid, deoxyribose 5-phosphate, betaine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and 1-methyladenosine—were associated with inflammation, increased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide inhibition, and altered amino acid metabolism. The top five decreased metabolites—deoxyguanosine, D-arabitol, glycerophosphocholine, ophthalmic acid, and oxaloacetic acid—were involved in several metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism. A total of 56 metabolic pathways were altered by high PM2.5 exposure, including pathways related to amino acids, lipids, sugars, nucleotides, vitamins, and energy metabolism. High PM2.5 exposure disrupts metabolites and pathways, inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired lipid/energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and high blood pressure. These alterations may increase the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, with dysregulated metabolites serving as potential biomarkers. These findings highlight the molecular impact of air pollution in affected populations and may support preventive strategies and public health policy development in affected regions. Further studies are needed to clarify these findings. Full article
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