Specialty Optical Fibers: Advances in Design, Fabrication, Performance and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 5350

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: fiber laser; fiber amplifiers; millimeter-wave antennas; substrate integrated waveguide antennas
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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: optical fiber sensor; mid-infrared fiber; fiber bragg grating; long period grating; fiber interferometer; fluoride glass; mid-infrared; electromagnetic simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing demand for specialty optical fibers is driven by the increasing need for more precise, efficient, and robust solutions in different fields, including high-tech industries, healthcare, aerospace, and environmental monitoring.

Specialty optical fibers are designed for a wide range of peculiar applications and are engineered to address unique challenges across various fields, e.g., covering long wavelength regions (mid-infrared optical fibers) for spectroscopy, overcoming issues related to radiation in spatial applications, broadening the supercontinuum spectrum, and enhancing the performance of sensors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, introducing complex section patterns via air holes, plasmons, tapers, and functionalization. Moreover, specialty fibers and design approaches allow for exotic lasing and amplification to be obtained via rare-earth doping, stabilizing light in communication systems by means of stress rods, etc.

This Special Issue aims to collate recent works regarding the design and fabrication of optical fibers with enhanced performance and versatility, playing a critical role in advanced technologies that demand more than just data transmission capabilities. We encourage researchers to submit original research articles and in-depth reviews that highlight the benefits of specialty optical fibers and address existing research gaps in this field.

Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Soft glasses-based optical fibers;
  • Radiation-resistant optical fibers;
  • Photonic crystal fibers;
  • Hollow core fibers;
  • Multicore and hollow core fibers;
  • Biocompatible and biodegradable optical fibers for medical applications;
  • Nonlinear optical processes in specialty fibers;
  • Advanced fiber fabrication and functionalization techniques for specialty optical fibers.

Dr. Antonella Maria Loconsole
Dr. Francesco Anelli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • soft glasses-based optical fibers
  • plastic optical fibers
  • photonic crystal optical fibers
  • hollow core optical fibers
  • etched/tapered/functionalized optical fibers
  • radiation-resistant optical fibers
  • active optical fibers
  • polarization-maintaining optical fibers

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4940 KB  
Article
Numerical Calculations of Fiber Bragg Gratings with Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index
by Christos Lazakis and Nikolaos A. Stathopoulos
Photonics 2026, 13(2), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13020202 - 18 Feb 2026
Viewed by 976
Abstract
Modified discrete transfer matrix and transmission line models were applied to nonlinear refractive index fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). The methods were validated against analytical solutions for Kerr-type uniform FBG, evaluating accuracy, convergence, and computational time. Spectral reflectivity, bistability, index distribution, and group delay [...] Read more.
Modified discrete transfer matrix and transmission line models were applied to nonlinear refractive index fiber Bragg gratings (FBG). The methods were validated against analytical solutions for Kerr-type uniform FBG, evaluating accuracy, convergence, and computational time. Spectral reflectivity, bistability, index distribution, and group delay were computed for various FBG types, with results discussed for each grating, particularly regarding reflectivity and bistability. Full article
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14 pages, 2720 KB  
Article
Hollow-Core Fiber Properties and System-Level Specifications for Next-Generation Optical Transport Networks
by Bruno Correia and João Pedro
Photonics 2026, 13(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13010071 - 13 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
In light of the recent advances in hollow-core fiber (HCF) design and manufacturing, wide-scale deployments of this fiber type to realize next-generation optical transport networks may become viable in the foreseeable future, with benefits in terms of lower latency and improved capacity/reach. Nevertheless, [...] Read more.
In light of the recent advances in hollow-core fiber (HCF) design and manufacturing, wide-scale deployments of this fiber type to realize next-generation optical transport networks may become viable in the foreseeable future, with benefits in terms of lower latency and improved capacity/reach. Nevertheless, several uncertainties remain regarding the properties of HCF that can be manufactured at scale, as well as the specifications of optical amplifiers developed to leverage the negligible low linearity of this fiber type. This work evaluates the performance of HCFs considering a wide range of potential fiber and amplifier parameters and compares them with traditional standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and pure-silica-core fiber (PSCF). The resulting analysis allows us to determine, at a system and network level, the combination of fiber and amplifier parameters that will allow HCF to become a competitive transmission medium for next-generation optical transport networks. Full article
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13 pages, 2547 KB  
Article
Anti-Resonant Fiber with Large Mode Area and Ultra-High HOMER for Near-Infrared High-Power Laser
by Shuyi Wang, Guangrong Sun, Meng Wang, Linyong Yang, Yangweinan Cai, Jing Shi, Peicong Liu, Zhiyue Zhou, Zilun Chen and Zefeng Wang
Photonics 2025, 12(12), 1221; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12121221 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1128
Abstract
A novel anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) is proposed. The fiber uses cross-nested circular cladding tubes including single-nested and non-nested tubes in the near-infrared spectral region of 1.3–1.7 μm. All the anti-resonant tubes are used to minimize the confinement loss (CL) of the LP [...] Read more.
A novel anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) is proposed. The fiber uses cross-nested circular cladding tubes including single-nested and non-nested tubes in the near-infrared spectral region of 1.3–1.7 μm. All the anti-resonant tubes are used to minimize the confinement loss (CL) of the LP01 core mode. The non-nested tubes are also employed to achieve single-mode performance through strong mode coupling between the cladding mode and the LP11 core mode. The impact of the structural parameters on the CL of the modes is analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM). Optimization results indicate that the CLs of the LP01 mode and the LP11 mode are 0.18 dB/km and 5.88 × 103 dB/km at 1.55 μm. Consequently, the higher-order mode extinction ratio (HOMER) achieves 3.27 × 104. Additionally, the mode field area of the fiber exceeds 4720 μm2 and the corresponding mode field diameter of the LP01 mode is more than 77 μm across the spectral region of 1.3–1.7 μm. In the practical applications, the fabrication tolerance is analyzed. The collapse of anti-resonant tubes within 0–2 μm and positional offsets between 0° and 4° both have minimal impact on fiber performance, thereby ensuring the stability of the system. Compared with other reported fibers, the proposed fiber demonstrates superior performance. Full article
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