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Announcements
3 August 2021
Announcement on Japanese Consumption Tax (JCT)
This serves to announce to our valued authors based in Japan that value-added tax, or consumption tax will now be imposed on article processing fees and other service fees for all papers submitted, or resubmitted (assigned new paper IDs), effective from 15 August 2021. The change is in accordance with the Japanese "Act for Partial Revision of the Income Tax Act and Other Acts" (Act No. 9 of 2015), which includes a revision of consumption taxation on cross-border supplies of services such as digital content distribution.
For additional information from the National Tax Agency please see here ("Cross-border supplies of electronic services").
Contact: Setsuko Nishihara, MDPI Tokyo
9 July 2021
Meet Us at the 12th International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2021), Xi’an, China, 23–26 July 2021

MDPI will be attending the 12th International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2021), Xi’an, China, 23–26 July 2021.
CIOP, an annual conference with comprehensive topics on optics and photonics, was initiated in 2007 by Chinese Laser Press, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The 12th International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP2021) will be held on 23–26 July 2021 in Xi'an, China.
The following MDPI journals will be represented:
- Applied Sciences (leading journal);
- Electronics;
- Photonics;
- Fibers;
- Optics.
If you are also attending this conference, please feel free to stop by our booth. Our delegates look forward to meeting you in person to answer any questions you may have. For more information about the conference, please visit: https://www.researching.cn/EN/EventMain/CIOP2021.
9 July 2021
Meet Us at the IEEE-2021 International Conference of Optical Imaging and Measurement (ICOIM 2021), Xi’an, China, 27–29 August 2021

MDPI will be attending the IEEE-2021 International Conference of Optical Imaging and Measurement (ICOIM 2021), which is going to be held in Xi’an, China, from the 27th to the 29th of August 2021.
Optical imaging and measurement are closely related and have a wide range of applications such as microscopes, telescopes, sensors, etc. Usually, imaging is the basis of measurement, and measurement is a rigorous consideration of imaging results in a quantitative way. This conference covers the broad field of advanced optical imaging and precision measurement technologies, ranging from micro to macro, from static to dynamic, from single physical quantity to multiple. Optical methods continuously have a profound impact on new developments in the field of science and technology, such as milestone breakthroughs, STED optical nanoscope (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014), and LIGO’s interferometer (Nobel Prize in Physics 2017). This conference is looking forward to opening a discussion between optical scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs.
The following MDPI journals will be represented:
- Applied Sciences (leading journal);
- Journal of Imaging;
- Photonics;
- Sensors.
If you are also attending this conference, please feel free to stop by our booth. Our delegates look forward to meeting you in person to answer any questions you may have. For more information about the conference, please visit: http://www.icoim.org/.
2 July 2021
Photonics Has Received Updated Impact Factor of 2.676

We are pleased to announce that Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732) has received an increased Impact Factor of 2.676, as published in the 2020 Edition of the Journal Citation Reports® (Clarivate). Photonics ranks 37th out of 99 (Q2) in the category “Optics”. For more journal statistics, please visit:
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/photonics/stats.
We would like to thank all of the authors, reviewers, and editors who have contributed to Photonics and enabled this next big step!
30 June 2021
2020 Impact Factors - Released
The 2020 citation metrics have been officially released in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR)!
We are pleased to announce that 85 MDPI journals are included, of which:
- 10 journals received their first impact factor
- 96% of journals increased their impact factor from 2019
- 32 journals (38%) ranked among the top 25% of journals, in at least one category
Journal | Impact Factor | Rank | Category |
Cancers | 6.639 | Q1 | • Oncology |
Cells | 6.600 | Q2 | • Cell Biology |
Pharmaceutics | 6.321 | Q1 | • Pharmacology & Pharmacy |
Antioxidants | 6.313 | Q1 | • Food Science & Technology |
• Biochemistry & Molecular Biology | |||
• Chemistry, Medicinal | |||
Biomedicines | 6.081 | Q1 | • Medicine, Research & Experimental |
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy | |||
• Biochemistry & Molecular Biology | |||
International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 5.924 | Q1 | • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology |
Q2 | • Chemistry, Multidisciplinary | ||
Pharmaceuticals | 5.863 | Q1 | • Pharmacology & Pharmacy |
• Chemistry, Medicinal | |||
Journal of Fungi | 5.816 | Q1 | • Mycology |
• Microbiology | |||
Nutrients | 5.719 | Q1 | • Nutrition & Dietetics |
Biosensors | 5.519 | Q1 | • Chemistry, Analytical |
• Instruments & Instrumentation | |||
Q2 | • Nanoscience & Nanotechnology | ||
Marine Drugs | 5.118 | Q1 | • Chemistry, Medicinal |
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy | |||
Biology | 5.079 | Q1 | • Biology |
Nanomaterials | 5.076 | Q1 | • Physics, Applied |
Q2 | • Chemistry, Multidisciplinary | ||
• Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | |||
• Nanoscience & Nanotechnology | |||
Viruses | 5.048 | Q2 | • Virology |
Journal of Personalized Medicine | 4.945 | Q1 | • Medicine, General & Internal |
• Health Care Sciences & Services | |||
Metabolites | 4.932 | Q2 | • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology |
Biomolecules | 4.879 | Q2 | • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology |
Remote Sensing | 4.848 | Q1 | • Geosciences, Multidisciplinary |
Q2 | • Remote Sensing | ||
• Imaging Science & Photographic Technology | |||
• Environmental Sciences | |||
Gels * | 4.702 | Q1 | • Polymer Science |
Antibiotics | 4.639 | Q2 | • Infectious Diseases |
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy | |||
Toxins | 4.546 | Q1 | • Toxicology |
• Food Science & Technology | |||
Vaccines | 4.422 | Q2 | • Immunology |
• Medicine, Research & Experimental | |||
Molecules | 4.412 | Q2 | • Chemistry, Multidisciplinary |
• Biochemistry & Molecular Biology | |||
Foods | 4.350 | Q2 | • Food Science & Technology |
Polymers | 4.329 | Q1 | • Polymer Science |
Journal of Clinical Medicine | 4.242 | Q1 | • Medicine, General & Internal |
Toxics | 4.146 | Q2 | • Toxicology |
• Environmental Sciences | |||
Catalysts | 4.146 | Q2 | • Chemistry, Physical |
Microorganisms | 4.128 | Q2 | • Microbiology |
Membranes | 4.106 | Q1 | • Polymer Science |
Q2 | • Engineering, Chemical | ||
• Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | |||
• Chemistry, Physical | |||
Genes | 4.096 | Q2 | • Genetics & Heredity |
Fermentation * | 3.975 | Q2 | • Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology |
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease * | 3.948 | Q2 | • Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems |
Plants | 3.935 | Q1 | • Plant Sciences |
Life | 3.817 | Q2 | • Biology |
Diagnostics | 3.706 | Q2 | • Medicine, General & Internal |
Current Oncology | 3.677 | Q3 | • Oncology |
Materials | 3.623 | Q1 | • Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering |
Q2 | • Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | ||
• Chemistry, Physical | |||
• Physics, Applied | |||
• Physics, Condensed Matter | |||
Sensors | 3.576 | Q1 | • Instruments & Instrumentation |
Q2 | • Chemistry, Analytical | ||
• Engineering, Electrical & Electronic | |||
Pathogens | 3.492 | Q2 | • Microbiology |
Agronomy | 3.417 | Q1 | • Agronomy |
• Plant Sciences | |||
Chemosensors | 3.398 | Q2 | • Instruments & Instrumentation |
• Chemistry, Analytical | |||
Q3 | • Electrochemistry | ||
Land | 3.398 | Q2 | • Environmental Studies |
Brain Sciences | 3.394 | Q3 | • Neurosciences |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 3.390 | Q1 | • Public, Environmental & Occupational Health (SSCI) |
Q2 | • Public, Environmental & Occupational Health (SCIE) | ||
• Environmental Sciences (SCIE) | |||
Tomography | 3.358 | Q2 | • Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging |
Fractal and Fractional * | 3.313 | Q1 | • Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications |
Sustainability | 3.251 | Q2 | • Environmental Sciences (SCIE) |
• Environmental Studies (SSCI) | |||
Q3 | • Green & Sustainable Science & Technology (SCIE) | ||
• Green & Sustainable Science & Technology (SSCI) | |||
Water | 3.103 | Q2 | • Water Resources |
• Environmental Sciences | |||
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research | 3.049 | Q3 | • Business |
Energies | 3.004 | Q3 | • Energy & Fuels |
Agriculture | 2.925 | Q1 | • Agronomy |
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information | 2.899 | Q2 | • Geography, Physical |
• Computer Science, Information Systems | |||
Q3 | • Remote Sensing | ||
Micromachines | 2.891 | Q2 | • Instruments & Instrumentation |
• Physics, Applied | |||
Q3 | • Chemistry, Analytical | ||
• Nanoscience & Nanotechnology | |||
Coatings | 2.881 | Q2 | • Materials Science, Coatings & Films |
• Physics, Applied | |||
Q3 | • Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | ||
Children | 2.863 | Q2 | • Pediatrics |
Processes | 2.847 | Q3 | • Engineering, Chemical |
Separations | 2.777 | Q3 | • Chemistry, Analytical |
Insects | 2.769 | Q1 | • Entomology |
Animals | 2.752 | Q1 | • Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science |
• Veterinary Sciences | |||
Symmetry | 2.713 | Q2 | • Multidisciplinary Sciences |
Atmosphere | 2.686 | Q3 | • Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
• Environmental Sciences | |||
Applied Sciences | 2.679 | Q2 | • Engineering, Multidisciplinary |
• Physics, Applied | |||
Q3 | • Chemistry, Multidisciplinary | ||
• Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | |||
Photonics | 2.676 | Q2 | • Optics |
Buildings * | 2.648 | Q2 | • Construction & Building Technology |
• Engineering, Civil | |||
Healthcare | 2.645 | Q2 | • Health Policy & Services (SSCI) |
Q3 | • Health Care Sciences & Services (SCIE) | ||
Minerals | 2.644 | Q2 | • Mining & Mineral Processing |
• Mineralogy | |||
• Geochemistry & Geophysics | |||
Forests | 2.634 | Q1 | • Forestry |
Crystals | 2.589 | Q2 | • Crystallography |
Q3 | • Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | ||
Entropy | 2.524 | Q2 | • Physics, Multidisciplinary |
Diversity | 2.465 | Q2 | • Biodiversity Conservation |
Q3 | • Ecology | ||
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering | 2.458 | Q2 | • Oceanography |
• Engineering, Marine | |||
• Engineering, Ocean | |||
Medicina | 2.430 | Q2 | • Medicine, General & Internal |
Machines * | 2.428 | Q2 | • Engineering, Mechanical |
Q3 | • Engineering, Electrical & Electronic | ||
Electronics | 2.397 | Q3 | • Engineering, Electrical & Electronic |
• Computer Science, Information Systems | |||
• Physics, Applied | |||
Fishes * | 2.385 | Q2 | • Fisheries |
• Marine & Freshwater Biology | |||
Metals | 2.351 | Q2 | • Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering |
Q3 | • Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | ||
Horticulturae * | 2.331 | Q1 | • Horticulture |
Veterinary Sciences * | 2.304 | Q1 | • Veterinary Sciences |
Universe | 2.278 | Q3 | • Physics, Particles & Fields |
• Astronomy & Astrophysics | |||
Mathematics | 2.258 | Q1 | • Mathematics |
Magnetochemistry | 2.193 | Q3 | • Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear |
• Chemistry, Physical | |||
• Materials Science, Multidisciplinary | |||
Current Issues in Molecular Biology | 2.081 | Q4 | • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology |
Actuators | 1.994 | Q3 | • Instruments & Instrumentation |
• Engineering, Mechanical | |||
Aerospace * | 1.659 | Q2 | • Engineering, Aerospace |
* Journals given their first Impact Factor in 2021
Source: 2020 Journal Impact Factors, Journal Citation Reports ® (Clarivate, 2021)
29 June 2021
Photonics | Top 10 Downloaded Papers of 2020
- Dual-Core Fiber-Based Interferometer for Detection of Gas Refractive Index
Haijin Chen et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(4), 111; doi:10.3390/photonics7040111
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/4/111 - A Refractive Index Sensitive Liquid Level Monitoring Sensor Based on Multimode Interference
Fan Zhang et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(4), 89; doi:10.3390/photonics7040089
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/4/89 - Development of an Interference Filter-Stabilized External-Cavity Diode Laser for Space Applications
Linbo Zhang et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(1), 12; doi:10.3390/photonics7010012
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/1/12 - Equivalent Circuit Model of High-Performance VCSELs
Marwan Bou Sanayeh et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(1), 13; doi:10.3390/photonics7010013
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/1/13 - The Interband Cascade Laser
Jerry R. Meyer et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(3), 75; doi:10.3390/photonics7030075
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/3/75 - Wide-Angle Beam-Steering Using an Optical Phased Array with Non-Uniform-Width Waveguide Radiators
Youngin Kim et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(3), 56; doi:10.3390/photonics7030056
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/3/56 - Nonreciprocal Wavefront Manipulation in Synthetically Moving Metagratings
Younes Ra’di et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(2), 28; doi:10.3390/photonics7020028
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/2/28 - Ultra-Wideband WDM Optical Network Optimization
Stanisław Kozdrowski et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(1), 16; doi:10.3390/photonics7010016
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/1/16 - Raman-Laser System for Absolute Gravimeter Based On 87Rb Atom Interferometer
Yang Zhao et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(2), 32; doi:10.3390/photonics7020032
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/2/32 - Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Vector Analyzers
Oleg Morozov et al.
Photonics 2020, 7(1), 14; doi:10.3390/photonics7010014
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/1/14
(Data as of 25 June 2021)
21 June 2021
Meet Us at the China Instrument and Control Society Annual Meeting, Shanghai, China, 27–29 August 2021

MDPI will be attending the China Instrument and Control Society Annual Meeting, which is to be held in Shanghai, China, on 27–29 August 2021. The conference invites experts and students who are engaged in the study of instrumentation to participate in an in-depth discussion on the basic research direction, technological innovation, and industrial path of the instrumentation discipline.
The following MDPI journals will be represented at the meeting:
If you are attending this conference, please feel free to stop by our booth: C-01. Our delegates are looking forward to meeting you in person and answering any questions you may have. For more information about the conference, please visit: http://meeting.cis.org.cn/.
9 June 2021
Photonics Has Received an Increased CiteScore of 3.5

It is our great pleasure to announce that Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732) has received an increased CiteScore (2020 Scopus data) of 3.5 for the year 2020, which equals the rank of 45/128 (Q2) in "Physics and Astronomy: Instrumentation", the rank of 113/288 (Q2) in "Medicine: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging”, and the rank of 81/192 (Q2) in "Physics and Astronomy: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics".
We would like to extend our sincerest gratitude to all authors, reviewers, and editors who have contributed to the journal and enabled this next big step!
28 April 2021
Book Builder—Compile a Customized E-Book from Your Favorite MDPI Open Access Content
MDPI Books recently released Book Builder, a new online tool to conveniently arrange, design and produce an eBook from any content published in MDPI journals. Book Builder offers two functions: on the one hand (1) Selections, available to every registered user of MDPI; on the other hand (2) Special Issue Reprints, which can be used exclusively by Guest Editors of Special Issues.
Selections
In just a matter of a few clicks, all users are now able to assemble books from MDPI articles and receive instantaneous feedback in the form of a fully produced and compiled book (PDF), which can be downloaded or ordered as print copy. Selections can include any paper published with MDPI, picking and combining content from different journals and special issues.
This way, the user may for example choose to compile an ebook focusing around a particular topic, or assemble articles from a group of others.
We invite you to make yourself familiar with the new tool! The Book Builder can be found here: https://www.mdpi.com/books/book_builder.
Special Issue Reprints
The Book Builder allows Guest Editors of MDPI journals to create a reprint from a successfully completed Special Issue or Topical Collection in book format. If you are a Guest Editor for an MDPI journal, you can use the new tool to create an PDF document which includes all articles published in the Special Issue as well as a book cover and table of contents.
For Special Issues containing a minimum of 5 articles, the Guest Editor can request its publication on the MDPI Book platform. Published reprints are assigned an ISBN and DOI.
In addition to the PDF copy of the Reprint Book, as a token of our gratitude, MDPI offers every Guest Editor one (1) complimentary print copy (via print-on-demand). All contributors benefit from a discount on orders of any additional print copies, to share with colleagues or libraries or others.
In line with our organization's values, MDPI Books publishes all content in open access, promoting the exchange of ideas and knowledge in a globalized world. MDPI Books encompasses all the benefits of open access—high availability and visibility, as well as wide and rapid dissemination. MDPI Books are distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License, meaning as an author you retain the copyright for your work. In addition, with MDPI Books you can complement the digital version of your work with a high-quality printed counterpart.
If you are interested in editing a book volume or series, or have a monograph manuscript to be considered for publication, please submit your proposal online and look at our Information for Authors.
Contact: Laura Wagner, MDPI Books Manager (email)
15 April 2021
MDPI Celebrates Company Milestone With 25th Anniversary Page
"We exist to help scientists achieve their own objectives"

In June of this year, MDPI will celebrate the 25th anniversary of its foundation. To mark this significant milestone, we have created a 25th Anniversary page on our website that evokes the development of our company over the past quarter-century.
MDPI has been a pioneer of Open Access publishing ever since the concept was first created.
In a wide-ranging interview, our CEO Delia Mihaila reflects on the company’s 25th anniversary and its contribution to the world of scientific publishing.
Delia considers how MDPI has evolved since starting life in 1996 as a visionary ‘project’ run out of an apartment in Basel, Switzerland, by Dr. Shu-Kun Lin. A chemist who was passionate about the long-term preservation of rare chemical sample, Dr. Lin was determined to help scholars publish their findings as quickly as possible and make their research results available to as wide a readership as possible worldwide. That determination remains unchanged 25 years later.
Today, MDPI is an international organization with over 4,000 employees based on three continents and in ten countries, and ranks among the world's top four academic publishers.
MDPI's mission is to accelerate access to new scientific research, delivering insight faster for researchers worldwide. Read more here about the company's remarkable success story and what the Open Access publishing model can offer the global scientific community.