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Diet and Nutritional Management of Patients After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and Other Therapies

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Obesity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2026 | Viewed by 86

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Helen McArdle Nursing and Care Research Institute, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
2. Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
3. Faculty of Psychology, University of Anahuac, Mexico City, Mexico
4. University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
Interests: obesity; metabolic and bariatric surgery; weight stigma; workforce development; patient experience; long-term chronic conditions; lifestyle medicine

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Guest Editor Assistant
1. Helen McArdle Nursing and Care Research Institute, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
2. Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Interests: obesity; metabolic and bariatric surgery; micronutrients; macronutrients; nutrient deficiencies; obesity management medications; patient experience; expert witness

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that requires a comprehensive, multi-modal approach to achieve positive outcomes for people living with obesity and related conditions. While metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is a safe and effective intervention for obesity, evidence-based therapies, including obesity management medications (OMMs), are increasingly being used, either independently or alongside MBS.

Diet and nutrition are crucial components of obesity care, requiring individualised, evidence-based dietary and behavioural strategies. Research has highlighted the vital role that dietitians play in caring for people living with obesity, particularly those pursuing MBS—before, during, and after the procedure. These professionals collaborate within multidisciplinary teams to optimise surgical outcomes by empowering patients to make lifestyle changes and prevent nutritional deficiencies, ultimately improving their quality of life.

This Special Issue aims to synthesise current research into practical applications for the clinical management of patients with obesity who undergo MBS and use OMMs, focusing on dietitians' contributions. It will offer valuable insights into global practices, current evidence, and future research directions. The goal is to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the surgical and pharmacotherapy options for addressing obesity and related conditions.

Prof. Dr. Yitka Graham
Guest Editor

Dr. Julie M. Parrott
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolic and bariatric surgery
  • obesity management medications
  • dietetics
  • nutrition
  • patient support
  • obesity
  • obesity management
  • patient experience
  • quality of life

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1483 KB  
Article
Guideline Compliance of Artificial Intelligence–Generated Diet Plans After Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Simulation Comparing ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek and Grok-3
by Aylin Bolat Yilmaz, Emre Batuhan Kenger, Tugce Ozlu Karahan, Duygu Saglam and Murat Bas
Nutrients 2025, 17(24), 3957; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243957 - 18 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools are increasingly being used in tailored nutrition management, and evaluating their compliance with guidelines is significant in clinically sensitive areas, including bariatric surgery. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which diet plans recommended by AI [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools are increasingly being used in tailored nutrition management, and evaluating their compliance with guidelines is significant in clinically sensitive areas, including bariatric surgery. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which diet plans recommended by AI models in the early period following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) align with current clinical nutrition guidelines (ASMBS, AACE/TOS). Methods: A total of 360 menu plans were generated using three AI platforms—ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek V3, and Grok-3—for 40 simulated patients (20 females, 20 males; BMI 32–45 kg/m2) across three postoperative stages: liquid (day 5), puree (day 16), and solid (day 35). The energy and nutrient contents of the menus were analyzed using BeBiS 8.1; an experienced dietitian assessed compliance with the guidelines using a structured checklist. Nutrient intakes and guideline compliance scores were examined using within-patient Friedman tests followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons. Results: ChatGPT-4o demonstrated the highest overall compliance scores, particularly in the liquid and puréed phases, while DeepSeek produced higher values for several micronutrients. All models showed substantial gaps in essential postoperative recommendations, most notably thiamine and multivitamin supplementation. Conclusions: Although LLMs can generate partially guideline-concordant postoperative diet plans, they consistently omit several critical elements of bariatric nutrition care. These findings indicate that LLM-generated menus may serve as supportive educational tools, and diet planning must be performed under the guidance of a specialist dietitian. This simulation does not assess clinical safety, efficacy, or patient outcomes and should not be used as a substitute for dietitian-led postoperative nutrition care. Full article
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