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14th International Conference One Carbon Metabolism, B Vitamins and Homocysteine...
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14th International Conference One Carbon Metabolism, B Vitamins and Homocysteine & 2nd CluB-12 Annual Symposium

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2024) | Viewed by 33793

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luciana Hannibal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Interests: vitamin B12; cobalamin; inborn errors of metabolism; metabolites; homocysteine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Martin Warren

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
Interests: vitamin B12; GI microbiome; metabolism
Prof. Dr. Jean-Louis Guéant

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine, National Center of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Regional Hospital of Nancy, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
Interests: one carbon metabolism; metabolism of micronutrients; obesity; NASH; inherited disorders of metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Julian Owen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
MA MB BChir FRCS (Tr&Orth), Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
Interests: vitamin B12; microbiome; bone and joint health; health inequalities

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue that includes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference One-Carbon Metabolism, B Vitamins and Homocysteine, which is scheduled to be held on 17th–20th September 2023, at The Old Divinity School, St John’s College, Cambridge, UK. This conference brings together an exceptional international faculty to explore the newest developments in the field of one-carbon metabolism in health and disease. (https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/hcy2023-club-12-tickets-668178869987)

We cordially invite submissions of original research, and reviews on the following topics that are covered in our conference:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency: the patient's perspective;
  • Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of B-vitamin deficiencies;
  • Functional biomarkers of B-vitamin status;
  • Experimental models of B-vitamin metabolism;
  • Molecular mechanisms of B-vitamin metabolism: from genes to enzymes;
  • Vitamin B12 ecology and the role of the microbiome.

Dr. Luciana Hannibal
Prof. Dr. Martin Warren
Prof. Dr. Jean-Louis Guéant
Guest Editors

Julian Owen
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vitamin B12
  • B-vitamins
  • homocysteine
  • biomarkers
  • microbiome

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 914 KiB  
Article
Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels in Chilean Women with PCOS and Their Association with Metabolic Outcomes
by Matías Carrasco-Cabezas, Taís Silveira Assmann, Paz Martínez, Leslie Cerpa, Susan Calfunao, Bárbara Echiburú, Manuel Maliqueo, Nicolás Crisosto and Francisca Salas-Pérez
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1937; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121937 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2825
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Many women with PCOS have been found to have an unbalanced diet and deficiencies in essential nutrients. This study aimed to assess the levels of folate and vitamin [...] Read more.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Many women with PCOS have been found to have an unbalanced diet and deficiencies in essential nutrients. This study aimed to assess the levels of folate and vitamin B12 (B12) and their relationship with metabolic factors in women with PCOS. Anthropometric, clinical, and genetic analyses were conducted to evaluate markers related to one-carbon metabolism in women with PCOS and in a control group. The PCOS group had a higher BMI and HOMA-IR (1.7 vs. 3.1; p < 0.0001). HDL cholesterol levels were 23% lower and triglyceride levels were 74% higher in women with PCOS. Although there were no significant differences in folate and B12 levels between the PCOS and control groups, over 60% of women with PCOS had low B12 levels (<300 pg/mL) and high homocysteine levels. In addition, the MTHFR A1298C and C677T polymorphisms were not associated with PCOS. Moreover, erythrocyte folate levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose, triglycerides, and free androgen index, and negatively correlated with SHBG and LH levels. These results suggest that B vitamins may be associated with the metabolic phenotype in PCOS. This study emphasizes the potential link between folate, vitamin B12, and metabolic and hormonal outcomes in women with PCOS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 14th International Conference One Carbon Metabolism, B Vitamins and Homocysteine & 2nd CluB-12 Annual Symposium)
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17 pages, 1687 KiB  
Article
Kinetics of Cellular Cobalamin Uptake and Conversion: Comparison of Aquo/Hydroxocobalamin to Cyanocobalamin
by Sergey N. Fedosov, Ebba Nexo and Christian W. Heegaard
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030378 - 27 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2872
Abstract
Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) and aquo/hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl) are the forms of vitamin B12 that are most commonly used for supplementation. They are both converted to methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), which metabolize homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, respectively. Here, we compare the kinetics of uptake [...] Read more.
Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) and aquo/hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl) are the forms of vitamin B12 that are most commonly used for supplementation. They are both converted to methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), which metabolize homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, respectively. Here, we compare the kinetics of uptake and the intracellular transformations of radiolabeled CNCbl vs. HOCbl in HeLa cells. More HOCbl was accumulated over 4–48 h, but further extrapolation indicated similar uptake (>90%) for both vitamin forms. The initially synthesized coenzyme was MeCbl, which noticeably exceeded AdoCbl during 48 h. Yet, the synthesis of AdoCbl accelerated, and the predicted final levels of Cbls were MeCbl ≈ AdoCbl ≈ 40% and HOCbl ≈ 20%. The designed kinetic model revealed the same patterns of the uptake and turnover for CNCbl and HOCbl, apart from two steps. First, the “activating” intracellular processing of the internalized HOCbl was six-fold faster. Second, the detachment rates from the cell surface (when the “excessive” Cbl-molecules were refluxed into the external medium) related as 4:1 for CNCbl vs. HOCbl. This gave a two-fold faster cellular accumulation and processing of HOCbl vs. CNCbl. In medical terms, our data suggest (i) an earlier response to the treatment of Cbl-deficiency with HOCbl, and (ii) the manifestation of a successful treatment initially as a decrease in homocysteine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 14th International Conference One Carbon Metabolism, B Vitamins and Homocysteine & 2nd CluB-12 Annual Symposium)
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Review

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14 pages, 306 KiB  
Review
Creating a Framework for Treating Autoimmune Gastritis—The Case for Replacing Lost Acid
by Lori Taylor, Andrew McCaddon and Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050662 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 14732
Abstract
Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells, resulting in hypochlorhydria and eventual achlorhydria, as oxyntic glands in the corpus are destroyed and become atrophic. The permanent loss of gastric acid has many impacts—both theoretical and documented. The most [...] Read more.
Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells, resulting in hypochlorhydria and eventual achlorhydria, as oxyntic glands in the corpus are destroyed and become atrophic. The permanent loss of gastric acid has many impacts—both theoretical and documented. The most concerning of these are hypergastrinemia and increased N-nitroso compounds, both of which increase the risk of gastric cancers. While known deficiencies of B12 and iron are often replaced in AIG, acid is not. Moreover, patients with AIG are often prescribed acid suppression for a stomach that is decidedly no longer acidic, worsening the sequelae of gastric atrophy. Betaine hydrochloride (BHCL) is a short-acting acidifying agent, available over the counter in capsule form. Mealtime acid supplementation has an historic basis and could ameliorate many AIG-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Theoretically, acidification could also reduce the potential for hypergastrinemia and the production of N-nitroso compounds, consequently reducing the risk of gastric cancers. Supplemental vitamin C may also help in preventing gastric N-nitroso formation, regardless of the gastric pH. This narrative review describes the functions of gastric acid in gastrointestinal and immune health, documents the effects of hypochlorhydria in AIG, and proposes potential options for safely re-establishing the acid milieu of the stomach for patients with AIG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 14th International Conference One Carbon Metabolism, B Vitamins and Homocysteine & 2nd CluB-12 Annual Symposium)

Other

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9 pages, 1738 KiB  
Opinion
Macro-B12 and Unexpectedly High Levels of Plasma B12: A Critical Review
by Sergey N. Fedosov and Ebba Nexo
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050648 - 26 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 12031
Abstract
A low total plasma vitamin B12 supports a clinical suspicion of B12 deficiency, while the interpretation of an unexpectedly normal/high level is marred by controversies. Here, we critically review current knowledge on B12 in blood plasma, including the presence of the so-called “macro-B12”. [...] Read more.
A low total plasma vitamin B12 supports a clinical suspicion of B12 deficiency, while the interpretation of an unexpectedly normal/high level is marred by controversies. Here, we critically review current knowledge on B12 in blood plasma, including the presence of the so-called “macro-B12”. The latter form is most often defined as the fraction of B12 that can be removed by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a nonspecific procedure that also removes protein polymers and antibody-bound analytes. Plasma B12 includes B12 attached to transcobalamin and haptocorrin, and an increased concentration of one or both proteins almost always causes an elevation of B12. The total plasma B12 is measured by automated competitive binding assays, often incorrectly referred to as immunoassays, since the binding protein is intrinsic factor and not an antibody. An unexpectedly high level of B12 may be further explored using immunological measurements of haptocorrin and transcobalamin (optionally combined with e.g., size-exclusion chromatography). Nonspecific methods, such as PEG precipitation, are likely to give misleading results and cannot be recommended. Currently, the need for evaluation of a high B12 of unknown etiology is limited since other tests (such as measurements of methylmalonic acid) may better guide the diagnosis of B12 deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 14th International Conference One Carbon Metabolism, B Vitamins and Homocysteine & 2nd CluB-12 Annual Symposium)
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