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Effects of Nutrition and Sleep on Sports Performance in Young Adults

A Special Issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) belonging to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2027 | Viewed by 362

Editor


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Guest Editor
Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
Interests: nutrition and exercise interventions; athletic performance; sports nutrition; quality of life; recovery; heart rate variability; sleep architecture; athlete; athlete readiness; dietary supplements; supplements; sleep onset; sleep quality; sleep latency; injury; ergogenic aids
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optimal sports performance in young adults is underpinned by the dynamic and interdependent roles of nutrition and sleep, two modifiable behaviors that exert profound influences on physiological adaptation, recovery, and long-term athlete development. Young adulthood represents a critical transitional period characterized by high training demands, academic and occupational stressors, and irregular lifestyle patterns that can compromise dietary quality and sleep duration. Emerging evidence indicates that inadequate energy intake, suboptimal macronutrient distribution, micronutrient insufficiencies, and poor hydration practices can impair training adaptations, immune function, and injury resilience. Concurrently, insufficient or poor-quality sleep disrupts endocrine regulation, autonomic balance, and neurocognitive function, with downstream consequences for recovery, decision-making, and performance consistency.

Importantly, nutrition and sleep do not operate in isolation. Dietary behaviors influence sleep architecture and circadian alignment, while sleep loss alters appetite regulation, food choice, and metabolic efficiency. These bidirectional interactions are particularly relevant for young adults engaged in competitive sport, where marginal deficits may accumulate to meaningfully impair performance outcomes. Despite growing interest, the literature remains fragmented, with limited integrative research examining how nutrition and sleep jointly influence sport-specific performance, recovery, and health in this population.

This Special Issue aims to synthesize current evidence, highlight mechanistic pathways, and identify critical gaps in knowledge related to nutrition–sleep interactions and athletic performance in young adults. Collectively, these contributions are intended to inform evidence-based strategies for practitioners, coaches, and researchers seeking to optimize performance and well-being in this population.

Dr. Andrew Jagim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutrition
  • dietary supplements
  • nutrients
  • energy
  • sleep
  • sleep duration
  • sleep quality
  • recovery
  • performance
  • athlete
  • readiness

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1100 KB  
Article
Relationships Between Omega-3 Index and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Collegiate Athletes
by Andrew R. Jagim, Ward Dobbs, Ben Skramstad, Ava Kloehn, Taylor Molling, Kari Johnson, Jennifer B. Fields and Margaret T. Jones
Nutrients 2026, 18(18), 2974; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18182974 (registering DOI) - 11 Sep 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The omega-3 index, defined as the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocyte membranes, is an established biomarker of long-term omega-3 fatty acid status and cardiometabolic disease risk in clinical populations. The primary purpose of this cross-sectional [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The omega-3 index, defined as the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocyte membranes, is an established biomarker of long-term omega-3 fatty acid status and cardiometabolic disease risk in clinical populations. The primary purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III men’s and women’s collegiate athletes with an Omega-3 Index below the recommended threshold of 4%. Methods: Fifty (male, n = 21; female, n = 29) collegiate athletes completed a single testing session including anthropometrics, body composition, resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure assessment, and venous blood sampling for determination of Omega-3 Index, complete blood counts, and lipid profiles. The cardiovascular risk factors examined were total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, body mass index, body composition, waist-to-hip ratio, resting hemodynamics, and blood glucose. Results: Overall, 54% of athletes exhibited an Omega-3 Index < 4%, while 100% had an Omega-3 Index < 8%. Male athletes demonstrated significantly higher Omega-3 Index, total omega-3 fatty acid levels, and lower omega-6:omega-3 ratios than females (p ≤ 0.005; ηp2 = 0.154–0.194). Pearson correlation analyses revealed few significant correlations between Omega-3 Index and cardiometabolic disease risk factors, with only weak relationships observed for systolic blood pressure (r = 0.284, p = 0.046) and triglycerides (r = −0.348, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Suboptimal omega-3 status was highly prevalent among collegiate athletes, with no participant achieving the cardioprotective Omega-3 Index threshold of ≥8%. Although male athletes demonstrated a more favorable omega-3 fatty acid profile than females, Omega-3 Index exhibited limited correlations with traditional cardiometabolic disease risk factors in this young, healthy population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Nutrition and Sleep on Sports Performance in Young Adults)
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