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Explore the Nutritional Composition of Human Milk and Its Impact on Infant Formula Development and Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2025 | Viewed by 392

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Interests: nutrient fortification and bioavailability; globally sustainable food systems; nutrition education; diabetes and obesity; glycemic index allergy; mammary gland biology and lactation; milk composition; dairy food chemistry and dairy education
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Breast milk is a complex biological fluid that provides essential nutrients, immune protection, and bioactive compounds that crucial for infant development. Milk can provide signals and activities beyond classical nutrition. For example, milk contains proteins and peptides that can influence blood pressure and some diseases, as well as influence the gut health and immune system.

This Special Issue delves into the intricate composition of breast milk, focusing on its immune components (e.g., antibodies, lactoferrin, lysozyme), bioactive proteins, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and hormonal regulators (e.g., leptin, adiponectin). It also explores innovative strategies to replicate these components in infant formula. Topics include fatty acid profiles, the prebiotic functions of HMOs, sex-specific formulations, and advancements in feeding technology. This Special Issue aims to advance nutritional solutions that support infant health and development worldwide.

This Special Issue warmly welcomes full papers, short communications, and review articles on human milk composition, infant formula innovation, and human health.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Foods.

Prof. Dr. Jonathan Allen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • human milk composition
  • infant formula innovation
  • probiotics and prebiotics
  • immune components
  • nutritional optimization
  • bioactive molecules
  • safety and quality control
  • hormonal regulation
  • microbial contamination prevention
  • human health
  • chronic diseases
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • infant

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 4253 KB  
Article
Dynamic Variations in Endogenous Peptides in Chinese Human Milk Across Lactation and Geographical Regions
by Baorong Chen, Kaifeng Li, Xiaodan Wang, Wenyuan Zhang, Sun Han, Yumeng Zhang, Yunna Wang, Xiaoyang Pang, Qinggang Xie, Jing Lu, Shilong Jiang, Shuwen Zhang and Jiaping Lv
Nutrients 2025, 17(19), 3131; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17193131 - 30 Sep 2025
Viewed by 177
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study characterized the endogenous peptide profile of human milk from a Chinese multicenter cohort (n = 200 mothers) using the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos LC-MS/MS. Methods: Samples were collected across different lactation stages (2 and 6 months postpartum) and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study characterized the endogenous peptide profile of human milk from a Chinese multicenter cohort (n = 200 mothers) using the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos LC-MS/MS. Methods: Samples were collected across different lactation stages (2 and 6 months postpartum) and seven geographic regions (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Jinhua, Lanzhou, Weihai, and Zhengzhou). Results: In total, 6960 peptides derived from 621 proteins were identified. Peptides from the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) were more abundant in the 2nd month than the 6th month, providing a high antimicrobial activity and immune functions for the infants. Moreover, region-specific variations were observed, with milk from Lanzhou exhibiting significantly higher levels of β-casein (CASB) and butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1 (BTN1A1) peptides compared to other cities. Conclusions: Furthermore, maternal dietary intake of oils and total fat correlated positively with the intensity of specific antimicrobial peptides, including CASB_199–216, CASB_200–226, and CASB_201–226. Infant growth parameters were inversely correlated with several antimicrobial peptides, although CASB_200–225 demonstrated positive associations. These findings offer novel insights into the dynamics of endogenous peptides in human milk and may guide breastfeeding recommendations and infant formula design. Full article
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