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Omega-3 Fatty Acids throughout the Lifecycle: Innovative Advances for Prevention...
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids throughout the Lifecycle: Innovative Advances for Prevention and Therapeutics

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2024) | Viewed by 14301

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Richard J. Deckelbaum

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MD, CM, FRCP, Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Interests: nutrition; omega-3 fatty acids; cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism; cardiovascular disease
Prof. Dr. Yvon Carpentier

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Nutrition Lipid Center, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
Interests: lipid metabolism; nutrition; atherosclerosis; Omega-3 fatty acids; cholesterol metabolism; inflammatory reactions; parenteral nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Omega-3 fatty acids are increasingly recognized as potent bioactive nutrients that can contribute to not only the prevention of a number of adverse conditions, but also act as therapeutics after diseases manifest. In addition, they play a role in health promotion throughout lifecycles.

This Special Issue will focus on new approaches in the protective and therapeutic  actions of  key nutrients, the long chain omega-3 fatty acids, with the aim of improving outcomes. An emphasis will be placed upon not only recent clinical studies on bioactive omega-3 fatty acids such ss eicosapentaenoinc acid or EPA and docosapentaenoic or DHA, but also on the lesser known docosapentaenoic acid or DPA, together with its potent derivatives. We will review the impacts of these molecules in clinical studies, which will include a discussion of relevant pathways occurring in different cellular compartments. In covering current evidence, this Special Issue will also identify current gaps in the knowledge and suggest directions for future research needed to address such gaps, as well as explore how to improve outcomes for a number of conditions by using cost-effective nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids. Examples of recent advances could include optimizing intakes of omega-3s during pregnancy, after delivery, as well as in the conditions of childhood, adolescence, adulthood and aging.

Prof. Dr. Richard J. Deckelbaum
Prof. Dr. Yvon Carpentier
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish oils
  • omega-3 fatty acids
  • eicosapentaenoinc acid (EPA)
  • docosapentaenoic (DHA)
  • docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)
  • acute omega-3 fatty acid injections vs oral intake
  • pregnancy
  • infancy
  • brain function
  • behavioral disorders
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • mental health disorders
  • aging
  • microbiome

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3539 KiB  
Article
Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults
by Yongxuan Li, Li Hua, Qingqing Ran, Jiawei Gu, Yujia Bao, Jinli Sun, Lan Wu, Mu He, Yuzheng Zhang, Jinxin Gu and Jinjun Ran
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4065; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234065 - 26 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1930
Abstract
Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are promising nutrients for the prevention and management of psychiatric disorders. Both animal experiments and cohort studies have demonstrated the antidepressant effects of PUFAs, especially omega-3 PUFAs. However, inconsistent reports about specific types of PUFAs, such as the [...] Read more.
Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are promising nutrients for the prevention and management of psychiatric disorders. Both animal experiments and cohort studies have demonstrated the antidepressant effects of PUFAs, especially omega-3 PUFAs. However, inconsistent reports about specific types of PUFAs, such as the omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, still exist. Objectives: To assess the effects of specific PUFAs on mental disorders and related symptoms and explore the potential mechanisms involving white matter microstructure. Methods: Leveraging 102,252 residents from the UK Biobank, the effects of five PUFA measures on depressive disorder and anxiety disorder were explored through Cox regression models with full adjustment for possible confounders. Furthermore, the effects on related psychiatric symptoms and brain white matter microstructures were also estimated using logistic regression models and multiple linear regression models, respectively. Results: In this study, plasma levels of five PUFAs measured in quartile 4 were associated with lower risks of incident depressive disorder compared with the lowest quartile, with hazard ratios of 0.80 [95% confidence interval] = [0.71, 0.90] for total PUFAs, 0.86 [0.76, 0.97] for omega-3 PUFAs, 0.80 [0.71, 0.91] for docosahexaenoic acid, 0.79 [0.70, 0.89] for omega-6 PUFAs, and 0.77 [0.69, 0.87] for linoleic acid. Similar associations were observed between PUFAs and the incident risk of anxiety disorder. In addition, high plasma PUFA levels were also related to lower risks of occurrence of several adverse psychological symptoms, especially omega-3 PUFAs and DHA. Among the included participants, 8780 individuals with brain imaging information were included in further neuroimaging analyses, and significant associations with white matter microstructures were observed. Conclusions: Thus, this study provides population-based evidence to support the value of interventions to target PUFAs (specifically omega-3 PUFAs) for the prevention and improvement of mental health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omega-3 Fatty Acids throughout the Lifecycle: Innovative Advances for Prevention and Therapeutics)
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12 pages, 1498 KiB  
Article
Knockdown of Placental Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain Containing 2a in Pregnant Mice Reduces Fetal Brain Growth and Phospholipid Docosahexaenoic Acid Content
by Theresa L. Powell, Kenneth Barentsen, Owen Vaughan, Charis Uhlson, Karin Zemski Berry, Kathryn Erickson, Kelsey Faer, Stephanie S. Chassen and Thomas Jansson
Nutrients 2023, 15(23), 4956; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234956 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1851
Abstract
Introduction: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid critical for fetal brain development that is transported to the fetus from the mother by the placenta. The lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) transporter, Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain Containing 2a (MFSD2a), is localized [...] Read more.
Introduction: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid critical for fetal brain development that is transported to the fetus from the mother by the placenta. The lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) transporter, Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain Containing 2a (MFSD2a), is localized in the basal plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta, and MFSD2a expression correlates with umbilical cord blood LPC-DHA levels in human pregnancy. We hypothesized that placenta-specific knockdown of MFSD2a in pregnant mice reduces phospholipid DHA accumulation in the fetal brain. Methods: Mouse blastocysts (E3.5) were transduced with an EGFP-expressing lentivirus containing either an shRNA targeting MFSD2a or a non-coding sequence (SCR), then transferred to pseudopregnant females. At E18.5, fetuses were weighed and their placenta, brain, liver and plasma were collected. MFSD2a mRNA expression was determined by qPCR in the brain, liver and placenta and phospholipid DHA was quantified by LC-MS/MS. Results: MFSD2a-targeting shRNA reduced placental mRNA MFSD2a expression by 38% at E18.5 (n = 45, p < 0.008) compared with SCR controls. MFSD2a expression in the fetal brain and liver were unchanged. Fetal brain weight was reduced by 13% (p = 0.006). Body weight, placenta and liver weights were unaffected. Fetal brain phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine DHA content was lower in fetuses with placenta-specific MFSD2a knockdown. Conclusions: Placenta-specific reduction in expression of the LPC-DHA transporter MFSD2a resulted in reduced fetal brain weight and lower phospholipid DHA content in the fetal brain. These data provide mechanistic evidence that placental MFSD2a mediates maternal–fetal transfer of LPC-DHA, which is critical for brain growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omega-3 Fatty Acids throughout the Lifecycle: Innovative Advances for Prevention and Therapeutics)
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Review

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35 pages, 1863 KiB  
Review
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Traumatic Injury in the Adult and Immature Brain
by Ester Valero-Hernandez, Jordi L. Tremoleda and Adina T. Michael-Titus
Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4175; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234175 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 3377
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to substantial disability and health loss. Despite its importance and impact worldwide, no treatment options are currently available to help protect or preserve brain structure and function following injury. In this review, we discuss the potential [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to substantial disability and health loss. Despite its importance and impact worldwide, no treatment options are currently available to help protect or preserve brain structure and function following injury. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of using omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3 PUFAs) as therapeutic agents in the context of TBI in the paediatric and adult populations. Methods: Preclinical and clinical research reports investigating the effects of O3 PUFA-based interventions on the consequences of TBI were retrieved and reviewed, and the evidence presented and discussed. Results: A range of animal models of TBI, types of injury, and O3 PUFA dosing regimens and administration protocols have been used in different strategies to investigate the effects of O3 PUFAs in TBI. Most evidence comes from preclinical studies, with limited clinical data available thus far. Overall, research indicates that high O3 PUFA levels help lessen the harmful effects of TBI by reducing tissue damage and cell loss, decreasing associated neuroinflammation and the immune response, which in turn moderates the severity of the associated neurological dysfunction. Conclusions: Data from the studies reviewed here indicate that O3 PUFAs could substantially alleviate the impact of traumatic injuries in the central nervous system, protect structure and help restore function in both the immature and adult brains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omega-3 Fatty Acids throughout the Lifecycle: Innovative Advances for Prevention and Therapeutics)
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18 pages, 1069 KiB  
Review
Omega-3 (n-3) Fatty Acid–Statin Interaction: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
by Ivana Djuricic and Philip C. Calder
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 962; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070962 - 27 Mar 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6275
Abstract
Managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications aiming to decrease the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this article is to discuss possible omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid–statin [...] Read more.
Managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications aiming to decrease the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this article is to discuss possible omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid–statin interactions in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and to provide evidence to consider for clinical practice, highlighting novel insights in this field. Statins and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are commonly used to control cardiovascular risk factors in order to treat ASCVD. Statins are an important lipid-lowering therapy, primarily targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while n-3 fatty acids address triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Both statins and n-3 fatty acids have pleiotropic actions which overlap, including improving endothelial function, modulation of inflammation, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, both statins and n-3 fatty acids potentially mitigate the residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond lipid lowering, such as persistent inflammation. EPA and DHA are both substrates for the synthesis of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a relatively recently recognized feature of their ability to combat inflammation. Interestingly, statins seem to have the ability to promote the production of some SPMs, suggesting a largely unrecognized interaction between statins and n-3 fatty acids with relevance to the control of inflammation. Although n-3 fatty acids are the major substrates for the production of SPMs, these signaling molecules may have additional therapeutic benefits beyond those provided by the precursor n-3 fatty acids themselves. In this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports SPMs as a novel therapeutic tool and the possible statin–n-3 fatty acid interactions relevant to the prevention and treatment of ASCVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Omega-3 Fatty Acids throughout the Lifecycle: Innovative Advances for Prevention and Therapeutics)
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