Magnetochemistry

25 pages, 8395 KB

Open AccessArticle

Construction of a Novel Nanoparticulate Drug Co-Delivery System for Two Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its In Vitro and In Vivo Quality Evaluation

by Siyu Wei, Gang Gui, Cancan Yuan, Ziqi Fan and Qin Xu

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030038 - 19 Mar 2026

Abstract

Background: Co-delivery of two drugs with diverse physicochemical properties and a specific administration sequence holds great importance in cancer theranostics to overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Paclitaxel (PTX) and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) have long been used clinically as chemotherapeutic agents for Nasopharyn-geal [...] Read more.

Background: Co-delivery of two drugs with diverse physicochemical properties and a specific administration sequence holds great importance in cancer theranostics to overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Paclitaxel (PTX) and hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) have long been used clinically as chemotherapeutic agents for Nasopharyn-geal carcinoma (NPC). However, their clinical application is severely restricted by low water solubility, poor stability, and systemic adverse reactions. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems provide a promising platform for combination cancer therapy. Methods: In this study, folic acid-modified and dual drug-loaded self-assembled HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs were successfully fabricated via the emulsification–solvent evaporation method using amphiphilic phosphorylated polystyrene (p-PS). The characterization, cellular uptake, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of the nanoparticles in NPC models were systematically investigated. Result: HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs were successfully prepared with p-PS as the copolymer backbone. The nanoparticles exhibited a uniform particle size of 196.9 ± 5.5 nm and a zeta potential of −7.3 ± 0.7 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 81.4 ± 2.5% for PTX and 67.6 ± 4.1% for HCPT. The drug loading (DL) efficiency was 18.4 ± 1.5% for PTX and 12.2 ± 1.0% for HCPT. HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs showed favorable biocompatibility. Sustained and sequential release of the two drugs contributed to an enhanced therapeutic effect. Moreover, under magnetic field (MF) guidance, HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on NPC cells than single-drug, cocktail, or dual-drug groups, demonstrating the superiority of the combined therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that the half-lives of PTX and HCPT were 3.9 ± 1.2 h and 4.7 ± 1.1 h, respectively, confirming that HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs could resist rapid metabolism and clearance in vivo. Conclusions: The long-circulating, folic acid-targeted nanoparticles HCPT/PTX@FA@p-PS-SPIONs show great potential for the targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications)

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33 pages, 4847 KB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning-Guided Design and Performance Prediction of Multidimensional Magnetic MXene-Based Nanocomposites for High-Efficiency Microwave Absorption

by Tiancai Zhang, Yi Yang and Tao Hong

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030037 - 11 Mar 2026

Abstract

MXene-based microwave absorbers have received extensive attention owing to their high electrical conductivity, abundant interfacial polarization sites, and tunable surface terminations. However, the structure–property relationship of MXene composites remains highly nonlinear, and the design of high-efficiency absorbers still relies heavily on trial-and-error experiments. [...] Read more.

MXene-based microwave absorbers have received extensive attention owing to their high electrical conductivity, abundant interfacial polarization sites, and tunable surface terminations. However, the structure–property relationship of MXene composites remains highly nonlinear, and the design of high-efficiency absorbers still relies heavily on trial-and-error experiments. Herein, multidimensional magnetic components, including zero-dimensional (0D) Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) Fe₃O₄/Co₃O₄ nanowires, and two-dimensional (2D) Fe₃O₄-based heterostructures, were rationally integrated with Fe/MXene and Fe/Co/MXene nanosheets to engineer synergistic dielectric and magnetic losses. Comprehensive electromagnetic characterization and loss mechanism analysis reveal that the structural dimensionality strongly impacts impedance matching and attenuation capability. To further enable predictive and data-driven optimization, a machine learning framework was established to correlate the microstructure, component ratio, thickness, and electromagnetic parameters with the microwave absorption performance (e.g., minimum reflection loss (RL_min), effective absorption bandwidth (EAB)). The optimized multidimensional composite achieves an RL_min of −56.4 dB at 10.2 GHz with an EAB of 8.4 GHz (9.6–18.0 GHz) at a thin matching thickness of 1.8 mm. The machine learning model demonstrates excellent accuracy (R² = 0.947) and enables the inverse design of absorber geometries to target specific operational frequencies. This work provides a generalizable paradigm for the intelligent design of MXene-based microwave absorbers and opens up broader opportunities for the AI-accelerated discovery of advanced electromagnetic functional materials. Full article

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9 pages, 2225 KB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Magnetic Performance of Near-Stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B Alloys with Hf Addition

by Sajjad Ur Rehman, Zhitao Wang, Ronghai Yu, Qiulan Tan and Munan Yang

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030036 - 10 Mar 2026

Abstract

This manuscript reports the influence of Hf substitution for Fe on the magnetic properties and microstructure of near-stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B alloys. Melt-spun ribbons with nominal compositions of Pr_26.7Fe_72.3B₁, Pr_26.7Fe_71.8Hf_0.5B₁, and [...] Read more.

This manuscript reports the influence of Hf substitution for Fe on the magnetic properties and microstructure of near-stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B alloys. Melt-spun ribbons with nominal compositions of Pr_26.7Fe_72.3B₁, Pr_26.7Fe_71.8Hf_0.5B₁, and Pr_26.7Fe_71.3Hf₁B₁ (wt%) are synthesized with optimized wheel speed. Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that Hf addition effectively refines the grain structure in terms of grain size. Magnetic characterization at 300 K demonstrates that the partial Hf addition significantly enhances the hard magnetic performance. The pristine alloy (Pr_26.7Fe_72.3B₁) exhibits an intrinsic coercivity (H_cj) of 11.95 kOe, a remanence (B_r) of 8.23 kG, and a maximum energy product ((BH)_max) of 12.6 MGOe. With 0.5% Hf addition, the properties improve to H_cj of 11.47 kOe, B_r of 8.5 kG, and (BH)_max of 15.33 MGOe. A further increase to 1.0% Hf leads to a slight reduction in properties, with H_cj of 11.66 kOe, B_r of 8.37 kG, and (BH)_max of 13.32 MGOe, though they remain superior to the pristine alloy. Furthermore, Hf addition improves the high-temperature magnetic stability. The results indicate that optimal Hf addition is a promising strategy for enhancing the magnetic properties of near-stoichiometric Pr-Fe-B ribbons through microstructural refinement and reducing the volume fraction of the soft magnetic phase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets)

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13 pages, 2431 KB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetocaloric Effect of Composite Magnetic Filaments for 3D Printing

by Razvan Hirian, Roxana Dudric, Rareș Bortnic, Florin Popa, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Teodora Radu, Fran Nekvapil, Ioan Botiz and Raluca Lucacel-Ciceo

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030035 - 7 Mar 2026

Abstract

In this work, La_0.70Ca_0.25Sr_0.05MnO₃ perovskite nanoparticles were produced in large amounts (in a single batch) and were embedded into filaments for 3D printing alongside carbon fibers. The produced materials showed room-temperature magnetocaloric effects proportional to the [...] Read more.

In this work, La_0.70Ca_0.25Sr_0.05MnO₃ perovskite nanoparticles were produced in large amounts (in a single batch) and were embedded into filaments for 3D printing alongside carbon fibers. The produced materials showed room-temperature magnetocaloric effects proportional to the quantity of encapsulated nanoparticles. Moreover, the thermal properties of 3D-printed pellets (produced using the composite filaments) were also analyzed and compared to standard filaments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance of Magnetocaloric Effect and Materials)

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25 pages, 6554 KB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Weak Magnetic Internal Detection Signals of Hard Spot Defects in Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines

by Jiawen Zhang, Chisen Qin, Nan Liu, Zheng Lian, Guangwen Sun, Bin Liu and Lijian Yang

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030034 - 5 Mar 2026

Abstract

A hard spot defect refers to structural defects that occur in long-distance oil and gas pipelines during the thermal processes. These defects arise from the combination of material phase changes and stress concentration, making them challenging to detect. Weak magnetic detection technology is [...] Read more.

A hard spot defect refers to structural defects that occur in long-distance oil and gas pipelines during the thermal processes. These defects arise from the combination of material phase changes and stress concentration, making them challenging to detect. Weak magnetic detection technology is an effective approach for identifying microscopic phase transformations and stress concentrations in materials. This study develops an ontological model linking hardness, stress, and magnetic signals at hard spots, and both simulations and real experiments are conducted to validate the model. The findings indicate a strong correlation between the model and experimental observations. The research also examined how hardness and defect shape influence magnetic signals and revealed that both the tangential and normal components of the weak magnetic signal at hard spots increase with higher hardness levels. Additionally, the peak value of the defect rises with an increasing depth-to-width ratio, and the difference between the center and peak values grows. According to the linear variation in the current constitutive model, the magnetic signal amplitude increases by approximately 35% for every 0.8% rise in hardness, with growth rates of 0.23% and 0.26% for the amplitude at the center and peak endpoint of the tangential magnetic signal, respectively. The hard spot shape parameter, H_d, is derived from the spacing of the tangential and normal peak-to-peak values, which indicates the size of the hard spot and increases consistently with the depth-to-radius ratio. Full article

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12 pages, 3286 KB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Range Interaction and Magnetic Anisotropy of [(CoP)_hard/(NiP)_am/(CoP)_am/(NiP)_am]_n Superlattices

by Gennadiy S. Patrin, Vitaliy A. Orlov, Yaroslav G. Shiyan and Aleksandr V. Kobyakov

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030033 - 5 Mar 2026

Abstract

We present a study of [(CoP)_soft/(NiP)_am/(CoP)_hard/(NiP)_am]_n (n ≤ 20) magnetic superlattices (t_CoP = 5 nm, t_NiP = 4 nm) synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD). Atomic force microscopy reveals that [...] Read more.

We present a study of [(CoP)_soft/(NiP)_am/(CoP)_hard/(NiP)_am]_n (n ≤ 20) magnetic superlattices (t_CoP = 5 nm, t_NiP = 4 nm) synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD). Atomic force microscopy reveals that the soft magnetic layer is fine-grained (amorphous), whereas the hard magnetic layer exhibits a polycrystalline hexagonal structure. The results demonstrate a long-range interlayer interaction whose magnitude depends on the number of blocks (n). This interaction manifests as multiple resonance peaks in the magnetic resonance spectra: three peaks were observed for structures with n = 5, 10, and 15, while two peaks were identified for n = 20. Temperature dependencies of the interlayer interaction fields were obtained: the interaction between the nearest magnetically hard and soft layers is negative (H_J1 < 0), while the interaction between the soft layers (H_J2) undergoes a sign reversal from positive to negative with increasing temperature at a threshold temperature depending on n. The oscillations of the magnetization saturation field correlate with the magnetic anisotropy fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Magnetochemistry: Past, Present and Future)

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13 pages, 1312 KB

Open AccessArticle

The First ¹H NMR Total Assignment and a Quantum-Mechanically Driven Full Spin Analysis of the Steroid Hormone Equilenin

by Vidak Raičević, Niko S. Radulović, Katarina Urumović, Nebojša Kladar and Branislava Srđenović Čonić

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030032 - 5 Mar 2026

Abstract

Equilenin is an equine estrogen constituting the basis of a highly-prescribed pharmaceutical preparation. Although routine ¹H and ¹³C NMR data for it have been reported, complete assignments and a full analysis of the proton spin system have not been established. In [...] Read more.

Equilenin is an equine estrogen constituting the basis of a highly-prescribed pharmaceutical preparation. Although routine ¹H and ¹³C NMR data for it have been reported, complete assignments and a full analysis of the proton spin system have not been established. In the present study, equilenin was examined by solution NMR in deuterochloroform, employing conventional spectral analysis in conjunction with quantum-mechanical techniques to achieve a ¹H iterative full spin analysis (HiFSA). The resulting model reproduces the experimental spectrum with high fidelity and permits the determination of true chemical shifts and scalar coupling constants for this complex spin system. In addition, the ¹³C NMR spectrum was fully assigned using a combination of one- and two-dimensional experiments. The obtained data constitute a robust spectroscopic reference set for equilenin and the analytical value of the Cosmic Truth software for resolving spin systems in steroids. The results provide a valuable source of data for researchers seeking to implement NMR-based assays relevant to analytical, regulatory, and forensic applications. Full article

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24 pages, 3648 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ferrofluids Based on Anionic Polysaccharide-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Magnetocatalytic-Driven Multimodal Anticancer Therapy

by Liliane A. S. Angelo, Alexandra A. P. Mansur, Sandhra M. Carvalho, Klaus Krambrock, Isadora C. Carvalho and Herman S. Mansur

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030031 - 3 Mar 2026

Abstract

Regrettably, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the deadliest form of brain cancer, with a very unfavorable prognosis for life expectancy for the patient. We report, for the first time, the green colloidal synthesis of cobalt-doped magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Co-MNPs) as aqueous ferrofluids, using [...] Read more.

Regrettably, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the deadliest form of brain cancer, with a very unfavorable prognosis for life expectancy for the patient. We report, for the first time, the green colloidal synthesis of cobalt-doped magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Co-MNPs) as aqueous ferrofluids, using two anionic polysaccharide biopolymers, hyaluronic acid (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), as surfactants. These ferrofluids based on magnetite nanoparticles (HA@Co-MNP and CMC@Co-MNP) demonstrated superparamagnetic properties and magnetic-to-thermal conversion upon exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), with the extent of conversion dependent on surfactant type. In addition, the ferrophase acted as a nanozyme, mimicking peroxidase-like activity in response to hydrogen peroxide, which is present at higher levels in tumor cells. The coupling of magnetic-heat capabilities with biocatalytic behavior enhances glioblastoma cell elimination and suppresses 3D neurospheroid growth. The results also showed that active targeting based on the HA biopolymer shell, due to its affinity for CD44 membrane receptors overexpressed in GBM, outperformed CMC-coated ferrofluid analogs. These magnetocatalytic-responsive nanoplatforms offer a broad avenue for the diagnosis and therapy of numerous cancers, potentially improving patients’ quality of life and prognoses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nano- and Microparticles in Biotechnology)

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22 pages, 2185 KB

Open AccessArticle

Engineering Cobalt Ferrite Nanofilms for Magnetically Assisted Oxygen Evolution: Interplay of Doping, Nanostructure, and Electrode Magnetism

by Viviana B. Daboin, Julieta S. Riva and Paula G. Bercoff

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030030 - 2 Mar 2026

Abstract

Magnetic-field-assisted electrocatalysis offers a powerful route to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by coupling spin-dependent effects with magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. Here, we present a unified study of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄)-based nanofilms, elucidating the combined roles of rare-earth doping, nanoparticle [...] Read more.

Magnetic-field-assisted electrocatalysis offers a powerful route to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by coupling spin-dependent effects with magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. Here, we present a unified study of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄)-based nanofilms, elucidating the combined roles of rare-earth doping, nanoparticle size, film morphology, and electrode substrate magnetism on OER performance under external magnetic fields. The effect of UV-light irradiation is also investigated. CoFe₂O₄ and yttrium-doped CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via thermal decomposition and self-combustion routes, yielding single-domain particles with distinct structural and magnetic properties, and assembled into homogeneous nanofilms using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Electrocatalytic measurements in alkaline media reveal that intrinsic OER activity is primarily governed by film compactness and charge-transfer efficiency, while the magnitude of magnetic-field-induced enhancement depends on the magnetic response of both the nanofilms and the supporting electrode. Ferromagnetic substrates promote enhanced catalytic activity under magnetic fields, whereas diamagnetic substrates can exhibit suppressed performance. Across all systems, the strongest enhancement is observed when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the electrode surface, reflecting the combined effects of spin polarization and Lorentz-force-driven mass transport. UV-light irradiation is also evaluated as an external stimulus to promote the reaction. Our findings establish a comprehensive framework for designing magnetically assisted OER electrocatalysts and demonstrate that magnetic-field effects can rival or complement rare-earth doping or UV-light irradiation, offering a sustainable pathway toward high-efficiency water oxidation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Magnetic Field Effect on Catalysts)

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17 pages, 3195 KB

Open AccessArticle

Nonequilibrium Magnetothermal Effects in Anisotropic 3d-Metal Complexes with Arbitrary Spins

by Andrew Palii, Valeria Belonovich and Boris Tsukerblat

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030029 - 2 Mar 2026

Abstract

In this article, we extend the recently proposed theoretical framework for nonequilibrium magnetothermal effects induced by a sudden magnetic field quenching to anisotropic 3d-metal complexes with arbitrary spins. The formalism is applicable not only to the case of complete magnetic field switching off, [...] Read more.

In this article, we extend the recently proposed theoretical framework for nonequilibrium magnetothermal effects induced by a sudden magnetic field quenching to anisotropic 3d-metal complexes with arbitrary spins. The formalism is applicable not only to the case of complete magnetic field switching off, but also to the case of partial field quenching. A simple and universal semiquantitative rule is formulated, which allows for the prediction of the sign of a thermal effect (that means heat absorption or heat release) from the magnetic field dependencies of the spin energy levels. In many specific cases, this rule can be used to predict the sign of the magnetothermal effect prior to calculations, based on an analysis of the field dependencies of the spin levels of the complexes under study. According to this rule, each excited state contributes to cooling or heating depending on whether it becomes destabilized or stabilized as the field decreases. The performed numerical analysis of the specific heat release, as a function of temperature and initial and final magnetic fields for complexes with spins S = 1, 3/2, 2, and 5/2, demonstrates that systems with easy-axis magnetic anisotropy (D < 0) exhibit heat absorption in cases of complete and incomplete field quenching, with the effect being strongly enhanced in the latter case. In contrast, in complexes with easy-plane-type anisotropy (D > 0), the sign of the thermal effect is shown to be dependent on the temperature, the initial and final values of the magnetic field, and also on whether the spin of the complex is integer or half-integer. These results provide clear and practical guidelines for the design of low-temperature molecular magnetic refrigerants operating in fast field-quenching regimes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Magnetochemistry: Past, Present and Future)

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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 1692 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Topological Properties of the Non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Model Incorporating Long-Range Hopping and Spin–Orbit Coupling

by Yanzhen Han, Shiyao Chong, Jingjing Du, Xiaolan Liu, Haili Guo, Ruikai Wang and Mingyue Hui

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(3), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12030028 - 24 Feb 2026

Abstract

Long-range hopping plays a crucial regulatory role in non-Hermitian topological systems. This paper systematically studies a non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model that incorporates both long-range hopping and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) within the framework of the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ). We reveal that long-range hopping [...] Read more.

Long-range hopping plays a crucial regulatory role in non-Hermitian topological systems. This paper systematically studies a non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model that incorporates both long-range hopping and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) within the framework of the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ). We reveal that long-range hopping can not only actively suppress the non-Hermitian skin effect, but can also cooperate with SOC to jointly modulate the stability regions of topological phases. SOC controls topological transitions through real or imaginary coupling properties and enhances the robustness of edge states. By constructing the GBZ and establishing the non-Bloch bulk–boundary correspondence, we demonstrate that the topological zero modes are entirely determined by the non-Bloch winding number. This study clarifies the key role of long-range hopping as a core regulatory parameter and provides a new paradigm for achieving the synergistic control of topological states and localized properties in non-Hermitian systems through designed couplings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Spin Crossover and Spintronics)

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10 pages, 3784 KB

Open AccessArticle

Energetic Analysis During the Magnetization Reversal Process of a Hollow Fe Nano-Sphere by Micromagnetic Simulations

by Mauricio Galvis, Fredy Mesa and César Leandro Londoño-Calderón

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020027 - 22 Feb 2026

Abstract

This work presents a detailed micromagnetic analysis of the magnetization reversal process in hollow iron nanospheres with a shell thickness of 16 nm. Using the Ubermag computational framework coupled to the OOMMF, we demonstrate that these nanospheres exhibit high coercivity and remanence, producing [...] Read more.

This work presents a detailed micromagnetic analysis of the magnetization reversal process in hollow iron nanospheres with a shell thickness of 16 nm. Using the Ubermag computational framework coupled to the OOMMF, we demonstrate that these nanospheres exhibit high coercivity and remanence, producing elongated hysteresis loops, consistently with previous experimental findings. The reversal process is governed by the nucleation and evolution of non-collinear magnetic domains and domain walls, as revealed by magnetization mapping. A comprehensive energetic evaluation indicates a dynamic competition among anisotropy, exchange, Zeeman, and demagnetizing energies, with the latter exerting a dominant influence on the final magnetic configuration. These results enhance our understanding of the magnetic behavior in hollow nanostructures and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in spintronic and biomedical systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Applications of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials)

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16 pages, 3606 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synergistic Effect of Fe Doping and Oxygen Vacancies on the Optical Properties and CO₂ Reduction Mechanism of Bi₄O₅Br₂

by Gaihui Liu, Xie Huang, Shuaishuai Liu, Xiangzhou Yan, Nan Dong, Huihui Shi, Fuchun Zhang and Suqin Xue

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020026 - 11 Feb 2026

Abstract

In this study, the synergistic effects of Fe doping and oxygen vacancies on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Bi₄O₅Br₂, as well as their influence on the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction mechanism, were systematically explored through [...] Read more.

In this study, the synergistic effects of Fe doping and oxygen vacancies on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Bi₄O₅Br₂, as well as their influence on the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction mechanism, were systematically explored through first-principles calculations. The results reveal that Fe-doped, oxygen-defective, and Fe–Vo co-modified Bi₄O₅Br₂ systems exhibit excellent thermodynamic and dynamic stability. Oxygen vacancies introduce defect states near the Fermi level, narrowing the band gap and enhancing charge localization and CO₂ adsorption, while Fe doping induces strong spin polarization and introduces Fe 3d impurity levels that effectively couple with O 2p orbitals, promoting charge transfer and visible-light absorption. The coexistence of Fe dopants and oxygen vacancies produces a significant synergistic effect, forming a continuous energy-level bridge that enhances charge separation and broadens the light absorption range. Gibbs free energy analyses further demonstrate that the Fe–Vo–BOB system exhibits the lowest energy barriers and the most favorable thermodynamics for CO₂-to-CO conversion. This study provides deep insight into the defect–dopant synergy in Bi₄O₅Br₂ and offers valuable theoretical guidance for engineering highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts in solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. Full article

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5 pages, 593 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Molecular Magnetism: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Dai-Zheng Liao on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday

by Peng Cheng, You Song, Hui-Zhong Kou and Jinkui Tang

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020025 - 10 Feb 2026

Abstract

This Special Issue of Magnetochemistry is dedicated to Professor Dai-Zheng Liao on the occasion of his 85th birthday [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Magnetism: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Dai-Zheng Liao on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday)

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11 pages, 6188 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Er Substitution on Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Nd₆₀Ni₄₀ Metallic Glass

by Nuo Cheng, Song-Tao Yang, Ding Ding and Lei Xia

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020024 - 8 Feb 2026

Abstract

In the present work, we selected an amorphous Nd₆₀Ni₄₀ alloy as a basic alloy and added Er with a higher effective magnetic moment and de Gennes factor to replace Nd for the purpose of improving the magnetocaloric performance of the [...] Read more.

In the present work, we selected an amorphous Nd₆₀Ni₄₀ alloy as a basic alloy and added Er with a higher effective magnetic moment and de Gennes factor to replace Nd for the purpose of improving the magnetocaloric performance of the Nd₆₀Ni₄₀ amorphous alloy. The formability, magnetization, and magnetocaloric behaviors of the Nd_60-xEr_xNi₄₀ (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) amorphous alloys were studied. It was found that Er substitution generally improved the glass formability, but simultaneously decreased the Curie temperature, coercivity, and magnetic entropy change peak of the basic alloy. The mechanism for these unexpected results was investigated, and it was supposed that the decreased Curie temperature and the deteriorated magnetocaloric properties may have resulted from the antiferromagnetic coupling between the Nd and Er atoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Magnetic Materials)

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18 pages, 2165 KB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetically Recoverable Fe₃O₄@Latex Decorated with ZnO Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Treatment of Sugarcane Vinasse

by Lays da Silva Sá Gomes, Daniel Ângelo Macena, Maryane Pipino Beraldo Almeida, Naiara Maria Pavani, Iara Souza Lima, Aroldo Geraldo Magdalena, Oswaldo Baffa and Angela Kinoshita

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020023 - 6 Feb 2026

Abstract

Sugarcane vinasse is a high-strength effluent with a high organic load and intense coloration from melanoidins and phenolic compounds, making conventional biological treatment difficult. This study presents a magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄@latex-ZnO nanocomposite, synthesized using natural Hevea brasiliensis latex as [...] Read more.

Sugarcane vinasse is a high-strength effluent with a high organic load and intense coloration from melanoidins and phenolic compounds, making conventional biological treatment difficult. This study presents a magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄@latex-ZnO nanocomposite, synthesized using natural Hevea brasiliensis latex as a green polymeric interlayer. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) shows a core–shell structure that enhances ZnO anchoring and reduces aggregation. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirms the coexistence of spinel Fe₃O₄ and wurtzite ZnO without secondary phases, while Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verifies the latex layer through characteristic organic bands, indicating a stable organic–inorganic interface. Under 4 h of UV irradiation, the nanocomposite significantly reduced vinasse COD from 23,450 to 12,450–13,150 mg L⁻¹ (≈44–47%) and BOD from 11,600 to 4800–5000 mg L⁻¹ (≈57–59%), demonstrating substantial oxidation of the organic fraction. The magnetic core enables quick separation post-treatment, enhancing the practicality of the process. Overall, this innovative approach positions the ZnO nanocomposite as a promising option for vinasse pre-treatment and integrated agro-industrial effluent treatment. Full article

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26 pages, 5501 KB

Open AccessReview

Ligand-Induced Self-Assembly of Clusters by Pyridine–Amine–Carboxylate Frameworks of 3D Transition Metals: Structural and Magnetic Aspects

by Amit Rajput, Akram Ali, Himanshu Arora and Akhilesh Kumar

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020022 - 4 Feb 2026

Abstract

The ligand-driven self-assembly of metal clusters offers a powerful strategy for constructing discrete molecular architectures with tunable magnetic and structural properties. By judiciously selecting appropriate multidentate ligands, researchers can direct the formation of polynuclear metal assemblies with diverse nuclearities, geometries, and topologies. Coordination-driven [...] Read more.

The ligand-driven self-assembly of metal clusters offers a powerful strategy for constructing discrete molecular architectures with tunable magnetic and structural properties. By judiciously selecting appropriate multidentate ligands, researchers can direct the formation of polynuclear metal assemblies with diverse nuclearities, geometries, and topologies. Coordination-driven processes commonly stabilize such assemblies where multidentate ligands operate as templates and linkers. These will also determine how the metal centers are arranged in space and how they connect to each other. These clusters can take on shapes that range from basic bridging dimers to more complicated icosahedral and cubane-type motifs. They often have excellent symmetry and strong frameworks. Magnetically, these clusters are a great place to study exchange interactions, spin frustration, and the behavior of single-molecule magnets (SMMs). The magnetic characteristics depend on things like the type of metal ions, the bridging ligands, the overall shape, and the local coordination environment. Interestingly, a large number of ligand-assembled clusters exhibit high spin ground states and slow magnetization relaxation, which makes them attractive options for quantum information storage and molecular spintronic devices. This review connects coordination chemistry, supramolecular design, and molecular magnetism of pyridine–amine–carboxylate frameworks, offering insights into fundamental magnetic phenomena and guiding the development of next-generation functional materials. Continued exploration of ligand frameworks and metal combinations holds the potential to yield novel clusters with enhanced or unprecedented magnetic characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stimuli-Responsive Magnetic Molecular Materials—2nd Edition)

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34 pages, 2311 KB

Open AccessReview

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enabled Ultrasound-Guided Theranostic Systems

by Thiago Tiburcio Vicente, Prabu Periyathambi, Ariane Franson Sanches, Marina Yuki Azevedo Nakakubo, Nicholas Zufelato, Karina Bezerra Salomão, María Sol Brassesco, Theo Zeferino Pavan, Koiti Araki and Antônio A. O. Carneiro

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020021 - 3 Feb 2026

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment, characterized by higher acidity, hypoxia, and dense cellular structures, plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, and treatment response. Nanoparticle-based contrast agents enable the precise delineation of solid regions within heterogeneous tumors through advanced molecular imaging techniques. Since [...] Read more.

The tumor microenvironment, characterized by higher acidity, hypoxia, and dense cellular structures, plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, and treatment response. Nanoparticle-based contrast agents enable the precise delineation of solid regions within heterogeneous tumors through advanced molecular imaging techniques. Since 1956, ultrasound (US) medical imaging has provided essential anatomical and functional insights about internal organs. More recently, magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) has emerged as a promising imaging modality, using a modulated magnetic field to exert force on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), inducing motion in the surrounding tissues through mechanical coupling. In parallel, magnetic hyperthermia (MH), which employs localized heating by alternating magnetic fields, has demonstrated significant potential in selectively destroying cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. This review summarizes the current state of IONP-based contrast agents, with particular emphasis on their use in MH for cancer treatment, as well as their potential in multimodal imaging, including MMUS, and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. The advantages and limitations of IONPs in tumor detection and characterization are discussed, examining the development of surface-functionalized MNPs, and analyzing how material properties and environmental factors affect their diagnostic and therapeutical performance. Finally, strategies for combining MMUS and PA modalities for pre-clinical cancer imaging are proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nano- and Microparticles in Biotechnology)

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22 pages, 5511 KB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Some Factors That Influence the Yield Stress in Kerosene-Based Magnetic Fluids Using an Orthogonal Experimental Design

by Miaotian Zhang, Licong Jin and Yu Feng

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12020020 - 2 Feb 2026

Abstract

Magnetic fluid sealing is a novel sealing technology wherein magnetic fluids play a pivotal role in the sealing process. The yield stress of the magnetic fluid directly affectsits sealing performance and is governed by multiple interdependent factors. Conventional approaches that evaluate the effect [...] Read more.

Magnetic fluid sealing is a novel sealing technology wherein magnetic fluids play a pivotal role in the sealing process. The yield stress of the magnetic fluid directly affectsits sealing performance and is governed by multiple interdependent factors. Conventional approaches that evaluate the effect of a single parameter while keeping other parameters constant are insufficient to fully characterize the relative contributions of each parameter to the yield stress. In this study, we investigate the preparation factors affecting the yield stress of kerosene-based magnetic fluids and propose a parameter sensitivity analysis method based on orthogonal experimental design to determine the optimal combination of factor levels within the studied range. The sensitivity of key preparation factors affecting the yield stress of kerosene-based magnetic fluids was determined via range and variance analyses of the orthogonal experimental data. The factors, ranked in descending order of sensitivity, were surfactant (C₁₈H₃₄O₂) dosage, precipitant (NH₃·H₂O) dosage, and deionized water (H₂O) volume. Moreover, the effects of different levels of the same factor were analyzed using multiple approaches. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing the preparation of magnetic fluids and enhancing their sealing performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferrofluids: Electromagnetic Properties and Applications)

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Magnetochemistry

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