Detection and Characterization of Natural Toxins in Food Matrices

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 600

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
Interests: contaminants; bioactive compounds; natural toxins; miniaturization; microextraction; sample preparation; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; novel sorbents; analytical methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ESCET—Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
Interests: contaminants; bioactive compounds; natural toxins; sample preparation; novel materials as sorbents; miniaturization; microextraction; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; validated analytical methods; electrochemical sensors; food control; food quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural toxins represent an important group of chemical contaminants that are unintentionally present in food or feed commodities due to food production, processing, handling or transport. These toxins are produced by fungi, algae or plants including some weeds and sea plankton and they have been the focus of the scientific community in the last few years, due to their high toxicity. In this sense, more information is needed on the occurrence of mycotoxins, aquatic biotoxins, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, tropane alkaloids, opium alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, lectins and furocoumarins, among others, and it is necessary to sensitive, selective, accurate and robust analytical methods for the assessment of these families of natural toxins in different foods. In that respect, substantial efforts are needed to simplify the overall sample preparation step and to tailor it to the Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles. This information is necessary to generate reliable concentration data to ensure a correct risk assessment and to be able to limit exposure to natural toxins from certain foods in the population.

Prof. Dr. Isabel Sierra Alonso
Prof. Dr. Sonia Morante Zarcero
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural toxins
  • mycotoxins and aquatic biotoxins
  • pyrrolizidine alkaloids
  • tropane alkaloids
  • opium alkaloids
  • glycoalkaloids
  • advanced analytical methodologies
  • green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles
  • occurrence in food
  • exposure for the population

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 6192 KiB  
Article
Application of Rice Husk-Derived SBA-15 Bifunctionalized with C18 and Sulfonic Groups for Solid-Phase Extraction of Tropane, Pyrrolizidine, and Opium Alkaloids in Gluten-Free Bread
by Fernando L. Vera-Baquero, Judith Gañán, Natalia Casado, Damián Pérez-Quintanilla, Sonia Morante-Zarcero and Isabel Sierra
Foods 2025, 14(7), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071156 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 368
Abstract
Rice husk (RH), a globally abundant agri-food waste, presents a promising renewable silicon source for producing SBA-15 mesoporous silica-based materials. This study aimed to synthesize and bifunctionalize SBA-15 using RH as a silica precursor, incorporating sulfonic and octadecyl groups to create a mixed-mode [...] Read more.
Rice husk (RH), a globally abundant agri-food waste, presents a promising renewable silicon source for producing SBA-15 mesoporous silica-based materials. This study aimed to synthesize and bifunctionalize SBA-15 using RH as a silica precursor, incorporating sulfonic and octadecyl groups to create a mixed-mode sorbent, RH-SBA-15-SO3H-C18, with reversed-phase and cation exchange properties. The material’s structure and properties were characterized using advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron microscopy. These analyses confirmed an ordered mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area of 238 m2/g, pore volume of 0.45 cm3/g, pore diameter of 32 Å, and uniform pore distribution, highlighting its exceptional textural qualities. This sorbent was effectively utilized in solid-phase extraction to purify 29 alkaloids from three families—tropane, pyrrolizidine, and opium—followed by an analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. The developed analytical method was validated and applied to gluten-free bread samples, revealing tropane and opium alkaloids, some at concentrations exceeding regulatory limits. These findings demonstrate that RH-derived RH-SBA-15-SO3H-C18 is a viable, efficient alternative to commercial sorbents for monitoring natural toxins in food, offering a sustainable solution for repurposing agri-food waste while addressing food safety challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection and Characterization of Natural Toxins in Food Matrices)
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