Chemical Properties and Functional Roles of Bioactive Compounds in Natural Foods

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, and Novel Foods".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2026 | Viewed by 1860

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
Interests: functional factors; functional lipids and nutrition in food

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioactive compounds naturally present in foods, such as polyphenols, peptides, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and phytosterols, have attracted increasing attention due to their diverse chemical properties and health-promoting functions. These compounds play critical roles in maintaining food quality, modulating metabolism, and preventing chronic diseases. Understanding the relationship between their chemical structures and biological functions is essential for developing functional foods and improving human health. However, their stability, bioavailability, and mechanisms of action within complex food matrices remain major challenges. This Special Issue aims to collect studies on recent advances in the identification, structural characterization, and functional elucidation of bioactive compounds from natural food sources. Topics include analytical approaches, structure–activity relationships, metabolism, and health-related mechanisms, as well as innovative delivery systems that enhance stability and functionality.

Prof. Dr. Jiangning Hu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioactive compounds
  • natural foods
  • functional properties
  • structure–activity relationship
  • polyphenols
  • peptides
  • polysaccharides
  • metabolism
  • antioxidant activity
  • chronic disease prevention

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 7322 KB  
Article
Aqueous Extract of Siraitia grosvenorii Alleviates MAFLD by Modulating Metabolism and Maintaining Gut Homeostasis in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice
by Hong Li, Zhongzhen Zhao, Yiming Ding, Weixian Shao, Yu Zhou, Junxiu Li, Zailin Liang, Bin Peng, Fusheng Mo, Jiao Zheng, Shengli Wei and Yuan Zhang
Foods 2026, 15(7), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15071241 - 5 Apr 2026
Viewed by 697
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide with complex pathogenesis and no approved specific therapy. Siraitia grosvenorii is a widely used medicinal and edible herb, yet its efficacy and underlying mechanisms against MAFLD remain poorly defined. [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide with complex pathogenesis and no approved specific therapy. Siraitia grosvenorii is a widely used medicinal and edible herb, yet its efficacy and underlying mechanisms against MAFLD remain poorly defined. This study explored the protective effects and potential mechanisms of aqueous extract of Siraitia grosvenorii (AESG) on MAFLD. Based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) analysis, 38 components in AESG were tentatively assigned, with tetracyclic triterpene saponins being the most abundant. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD mice, AESG significantly attenuated body weight gain, reduced plasma total cholesterol (T-CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and dramatically decreased hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation from 0.0141 mmol/g in the model group to 0.0063 mmol/g in the low-dose AESG group, corresponding to a reduction of 55.00%. AESG also alleviated plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and improved hepatocyte steatosis. Furthermore, AESG restored HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by enriching beneficial bacteria including Akkermansia and suppressing harmful bacteria such as Ruminococcus. In free fatty acids (FFA) stimulated HepG2 cells, AESG suppressed de novo lipogenesis via downregulating Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1c (SREBP1c), and enhanced antioxidant capacity via activating the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway, thereby attenuating lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, AESG ameliorates MAFLD by inhibiting lipogenesis, improving oxidative stress, and regulating gut microbiota. These findings support Siraitia grosvenorii as a promising natural dietary intervention for MAFLD prevention and adjuvant therapy. Full article
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22 pages, 2618 KB  
Article
Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Digestion Behavior of Alginate–Chitosan Microspheres Loaded with Ziziphus jujuba Pulp
by Dan Zhao, Nannan Chen, Beizhi Zhang, Fuzhi Xie, Qing Zhang, Bei Fan, Xiaona Liu, Ziguo Rong, Min Ju, Mengmeng Yu, Yongchang Dai, Fengzhong Wang and Liang Zhang
Foods 2026, 15(3), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15030594 - 6 Feb 2026
Viewed by 833
Abstract
In this study, sodium alginate–chitosan composite microspheres (S-C Ms) were prepared by ionic gelation to encapsulate Ziziphus jujuba pulp from wild jujube pulp. The effects of sodium alginate (SA) concentration, chitosan (CS) concentration, and core-to-wall ratio on encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and loading capacity [...] Read more.
In this study, sodium alginate–chitosan composite microspheres (S-C Ms) were prepared by ionic gelation to encapsulate Ziziphus jujuba pulp from wild jujube pulp. The effects of sodium alginate (SA) concentration, chitosan (CS) concentration, and core-to-wall ratio on encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and loading capacity (LC%) were systematically investigated. The results showed that both EE% and LC% were maximized when the SA concentration was 2.0% (w/v) and the CS concentration was 1.5% (w/v). The FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation of a phenolic-rich extract from Z. jujuba pulp (PRE) and its transformation into an amorphous state, while the SEM observations revealed that the composite microspheres possessed a well-defined morphology and a dense internal structure. Particle size analysis further indicated a narrow and uniform size distribution. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and in vitro simulated digestion demonstrated that S-C Ms exhibited a pH-responsive release profile, characterized by slow, limited release in the gastric phase and markedly enhanced release in the intestinal phase. The release mechanism in simulated gastric fluid was dominated by Fickian diffusion, whereas it shifted to an erosion-controlled process in simulated intestinal fluid. Consistently, the swelling ratio of the microspheres was low at pH 1.2 but increased sharply at pH 7.0, reflecting a “gastric protection–intestinal release” behavior. Antibacterial assays showed that P-loaded microspheres exerted significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and other test strains, with the antibacterial activity possibly associated with the controlled release during the in vitro digestion of compounds with antimicrobial potential, such as phenolic compounds. Overall, SA-CS composite microspheres exhibited favorable encapsulation performance, structural stability, and controlled-release potential, making them a promising delivery and protection system for Ziziphus jujube pulp bioactive compounds. Full article
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