Magnetochemistry

12 pages, 3100 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Assessment of Several Deconvolution Methods Used for Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

by Shu-Ping Chen, Sandra M. Taylor, Sai Huang and Baoling Zheng

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010015 - 22 Jan 2026

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Abstract

Based on our deconvolution result of the Tetraphenyl porphyrin nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, we initiated a goodness-of-fitting evaluation by overlaying the third-order derivatives of the native NMR spectrum and the entire reconstructed spectrum to appraise the accuracy of the reverse curve fitting [...] Read more.

Based on our deconvolution result of the Tetraphenyl porphyrin nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, we initiated a goodness-of-fitting evaluation by overlaying the third-order derivatives of the native NMR spectrum and the entire reconstructed spectrum to appraise the accuracy of the reverse curve fitting method. Then, the same NMR overlapping band was deconvoluted by even-order derivatives and Fourier self-deconvolution, respectively. The reverse curve fitting demonstrated its superior achievements to the other two methods in the comparative assessment. Meanwhile, three traditional window functions (Bessel, Hamming, and 3-term Blackman–Harris) were examined for their apodization effects which will benefit reverse curve fitting performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Magnetic Resonances)

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18 pages, 10969 KB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation Data-Based Dual Domain Network (Sim-DDNet) for Motion Artifact Reduction in MR Images

by Seong-Hyeon Kang, Jun-Young Chung, Youngjin Lee and for The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010014 - 20 Jan 2026

Viewed by 806

Abstract

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly susceptible to motion artifacts that degrade fine structural details and undermine quantitative analysis. Conventional U-Net-based deep learning approaches for motion artifact reduction typically operate only in the image domain and are often trained on data with [...] Read more.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly susceptible to motion artifacts that degrade fine structural details and undermine quantitative analysis. Conventional U-Net-based deep learning approaches for motion artifact reduction typically operate only in the image domain and are often trained on data with simplified motion patterns, thereby limiting physical plausibility and generalization. We propose Sim-DDNet, a simulation-data-based dual-domain network that combines k-space-based motion simulation with a joint image-k-space reconstruction architecture. Motion-corrupted data were generated from T2-weighted Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative brain MR scans using a k-space replacement scheme with three to five random rotational and translational events per volume, yielding 69,283 paired samples (49,852/6969/12,462 for training/validation/testing). Sim-DDNet integrates a real-valued U-Net-like image branch and a complex-valued k-space branch using cross attention, FiLM-based feature modulation, soft data consistency, and composite loss comprising L1, structural similarity index measure (SSIM), perceptual, and k-space-weighted terms. On the independent test set, Sim-DDNet achieved a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 31.05 dB, SSIM of 0.85, and gradient magnitude similarity deviation of 0.077, consistently outperforming U-Net and U-Net++ across all three metrics while producing less blurring, fewer residual ghost/streak artifacts, and reduced hallucination of non-existent structures. These results indicate that dual-domain, data-consistency-aware learning, which explicitly exploits k-space information, is a promising approach for physically plausible motion artifact correction in brain MRI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Resonances: Current Applications and Future Perspectives)

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13 pages, 4669 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Buffer and Spacer Layer Engineering in Co/Pt-Based Perpendicular Synthetic Antiferromagnets

by Mehmet Emre Aköz, Frowin Dörr, Ahmet Yavuz Oral and Yasser Shokr

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010013 - 19 Jan 2026

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Abstract

Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) rely on synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) as reference layers to achieve strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) together with stable interlayer exchange coupling. In this study, we present a comparative materials study of buffer and spacer layer engineering in Co/Pt-based [...] Read more.

Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) rely on synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) as reference layers to achieve strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) together with stable interlayer exchange coupling. In this study, we present a comparative materials study of buffer and spacer layer engineering in Co/Pt-based perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets (p-SAFs). The influence of buffer layer selection, number of multilayer repeats, and annealing at 330 °C for 30 min on PMA and interlayer exchange coupling is systematically examined. Co/Pt multilayers with four and six repeats were grown on Ta/Ru and Ta/CuN buffer layers separately, followed by the fabrication of SAF structures incorporating Ru spacers with thickness between 0.60 and 0.80 nm. Magnetic measurements show that Ta/Ru-buffered structures exhibit squarer hysteresis loops, higher remanence, and greater tolerance to annealing at 330 °C for 30 min compared to Ta/CuN-buffered counterparts. The SAF structures display clear two-step magnetization reversal and robust antiferromagnetic coupling across the investigated Ru thickness range, with large exchange fields and bias fields in the deposited state. Although annealing reduces the absolute coupling strength, a Ru spacer thickness of 0.60 nm retains the strongest antiferromagnetic response within the studied thermal budget. These results underscore the importance of comparative buffer and spacer layer engineering and provide materials insights into the design of Co/Pt-based p-SAF reference stacks that may inform future p-MTJ structures. Full article

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14 pages, 488 KB

Open AccessReview

Improving Nuclear Magnetic Dipole Moments: Gas Phase NMR Spectroscopy Research

by Włodzimierz Makulski

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010012 - 16 Jan 2026

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Abstract

High-resolution NMR spectroscopy is the leading method for determining nuclear magnetic moments. It is designed to measure stable nuclei, which can be investigated in macroscopic samples. In this work, we discuss the progress in research into light nuclei from the first three periods [...] Read more.

High-resolution NMR spectroscopy is the leading method for determining nuclear magnetic moments. It is designed to measure stable nuclei, which can be investigated in macroscopic samples. In this work, we discuss the progress in research into light nuclei from the first three periods of the Periodic Table and several selected heavy nuclides. The ¹H and ³He nuclear magnetic moments, established using the new double Penning trap facility, are also considered. Both nuclei can be used as references in gaseous mixtures. Gas-phase NMR spectroscopy enables precise measurements of the frequencies and shielding constants of isolated single molecules. They can be used to determine new, accurate nuclear magnetic moments of nuclides in stable, gaseous substances. Particular attention is paid to the importance of diamagnetic corrections for obtaining accurate results. Finding precise diamagnetic corrections—shielding factors —even for light nuclei in molecules is a significant challenge. To date, nuclear moments have been obtained primarily from experimental data. The theoretical approach is mostly unable to predict these values accurately. Some remarks are also made on pure theoretical treatments of nuclear moments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Magnetochemistry: Past, Present and Future)

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Graphical abstract

3 pages, 163 KB

Open AccessEditorial

NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging in Biological Chemistry and Medicine

by Serge L. Smirnov

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010009 - 13 Jan 2026

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Abstract

In recent years, research in the areas of Biological Chemistry and Medicine has been advancing along many directions including those centered around NMR spectroscopy and imaging [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging in Biological Chemistry and Medicine)

13 pages, 2281 KB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructural Engineering of Magnetic Wood for Enhanced Magnetothermal Conversion

by Yuxi Lin, Chen Chen and Wei Xu

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010011 - 13 Jan 2026

Viewed by 515

Abstract

The increasing energy crisis demands sustainable functional materials. Wood, with its natural three-dimensional porous structure, offers an ideal renewable template. This study demonstrates that microstructural engineering of wood is a decisive strategy for enhancing magnetothermal conversion. Using eucalyptus wood, we precisely tailored its [...] Read more.

The increasing energy crisis demands sustainable functional materials. Wood, with its natural three-dimensional porous structure, offers an ideal renewable template. This study demonstrates that microstructural engineering of wood is a decisive strategy for enhancing magnetothermal conversion. Using eucalyptus wood, we precisely tailored its pore architecture via delignification and synthesized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in situ through coprecipitation. We systematically investigated the effects of delignification and precursor immersion time (24, 48, 72 h) on the loading, distribution, and magnetothermal performance of the composites. Delignification drastically increased wood porosity, raising the Fe₃O₄ loading capacity from ~5–6% (in non-delignified wood) to over 14%. Immersion time critically influenced nanoparticle distribution: 48 h achieved optimal deep penetration and uniformity, whereas extended time (72 h) induced minor local agglomeration. The optimized composite (MDW-48) achieved an equilibrium temperature of 51.2 °C under a low alternating magnetic field (0.06 mT, 35 kHz), corresponding to a temperature rise (ΔT) > 24 °C and a Specific Loss Power (SLP) of 1.31W·g⁻¹. This performance surpasses that of the 24 h sample (47 °C, SLP = 1.16 W·g⁻¹) and rivals other bio-based magnetic systems. This work establishes a clear microstructure–property relationship: delignification enables high loading, while controlled impregnation tunes distribution uniformity, both directly governing magnetothermal efficiency. Our findings highlight delignified magnetic wood as a robust, sustainable platform for efficient low-field magnetothermal conversion, with promising potential in low-carbon thermal management. Full article

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18 pages, 10340 KB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study on Thermal–Flow Characteristics of Liquid Metal Blankets in a Magnetic Field

by Shuaibing Chang, Feng Li and Jiewen Deng

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010010 - 13 Jan 2026

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Abstract

The tokamak is a toroidal device that utilizes magnetic confinement to achieve controlled nuclear fusion. One of the major technical challenges hindering the development of this technology lies in effectively dissipating the generated heat. In this study, the inner blanket structure of a [...] Read more.

The tokamak is a toroidal device that utilizes magnetic confinement to achieve controlled nuclear fusion. One of the major technical challenges hindering the development of this technology lies in effectively dissipating the generated heat. In this study, the inner blanket structure of a tokamak is selected as the research object, and a multi–physics numerical model coupling magnetic field, temperature field, and flow field is established. The effects of background magnetic field strength, blanket channel width, and inlet velocity of the liquid metal coolant on the thermal–flow characteristics of the blanket were systematically investigated. The results indicate that compared with the L-shaped channel, the U-shaped channel reduces flow resistance in the turning region by 6%, exhibits a more uniform temperature distribution, and decreases the outlet–inlet temperature difference by 4%, thereby significantly enhancing the heat transfer efficiency. An increase in background magnetic field strength suppresses coolant flow but has only a limited impact on the temperature field. When the background magnetic field reaches a certain strength, the magnetic field has a certain hindering effect on the flow of the working fluid. Increasing the thickness of the blankets appropriately can alleviate the hindering effect of the magnetic field on the flow and improve the velocity distribution in the outlet area. Full article

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16 pages, 78279 KB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Magnetic Structure and Large Barkhausen Jump Mechanism in Wiegand Wires Using Multiple Experimental Techniques

by Guorong Sha, Liang Jiang, Chao Yang, Zenglu Song and Yasushi Takemura

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010008 - 10 Jan 2026

Viewed by 586

Abstract

The Wiegand effect is a nonlinear magnetic phenomenon observed in specially processed Wiegand wires, representing a macroscopic manifestation of the Barkhausen effect. It is characterized by a large, sharp Barkhausen jump in the wire’s magnetization curve under an external alternating magnetic field. However, [...] Read more.

The Wiegand effect is a nonlinear magnetic phenomenon observed in specially processed Wiegand wires, representing a macroscopic manifestation of the Barkhausen effect. It is characterized by a large, sharp Barkhausen jump in the wire’s magnetization curve under an external alternating magnetic field. However, the underlying magnetic structure of these wires and the precise mechanism responsible for the Wiegand effect remain inadequately understood. In this study, we propose a conceptual model for the magnetic structure of Wiegand wires. Experimental samples with varying diameters were prepared through FeCl₃ solution etching. The magnetic properties of individual layers within the wire were systematically investigated using the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect, Wiegand pulse measurements, and minor hysteresis loop analysis. By correlating these experimental results with JMAG simulations based on the proposed magnetic structure model, we elucidate the layer-by-layer magnetization reversal processes under alternating magnetic fields and clarify the fundamental mechanism that triggers the large Barkhausen jump. Full article

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28 pages, 6767 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Physics-Informed Neural Network with Hybrid Architecture for Magnetic Core Loss Prediction Under Complex Conditions

by Xiaoyan Shen, Hongkui Zhong and Ruiqing Han

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010007 - 10 Jan 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1029

Abstract

Magnetic core loss is an important indicator for describing the performance of magnetic elements. The traditional physical model has an insufficient performance for predicting the magnetic core loss of magnetic elements under complex conditions such as high temperature, non-sinusoidal waveform, and high frequency. [...] Read more.

Magnetic core loss is an important indicator for describing the performance of magnetic elements. The traditional physical model has an insufficient performance for predicting the magnetic core loss of magnetic elements under complex conditions such as high temperature, non-sinusoidal waveform, and high frequency. To address this issue, this study proposes a physics-informed neural network (PINN)-based model for magnetic core loss prediction. In particular, this PINN-based model is constructed with a hybrid network architecture as a baseline algorithm, which combines a convolutional long short-term memory network (Conv-LSTM), power spectral density (PSD), and an ensemble learning method (including extreme gradient boosting (XGB), gradient boosting regression (GBR), and random forest (RF)). This design aims to address the complexity of magnetic core loss prediction. Moreover, the Steinmetz equation (SE) is improved to enhance the adaptability under complex conditions, and this improved Steinmetz equation (ISE) is integrated as physical constraints embedded in the neural network for magnetic core loss prediction. Based on the traditional data-driven loss term, the physical residual term is introduced as a regularization constraint to enable the prediction to satisfy both the observed data distribution and physical law. The experimental results show that the PINN-based model has a good prediction performance of magnetic core loss under complex conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Magnetic Materials)

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22 pages, 5386 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Temperature-Corrected High-Frequency Non-Sinusoidal Excitation Core Loss Prediction Model

by Jingwen Zhang, Cunhao Lu, Jian Chen and Yaoji Deng

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010006 - 6 Jan 2026

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Abstract

Predicting core loss under high-frequency non-sinusoidal excitation is crucial for power electronics equipment design. Temperature significantly affects core loss, and traditional core loss prediction models typically incorporate temperature corrections to enable accurate loss estimation across varying temperatures. Based on the Modified Steinmetz Equation [...] Read more.

Predicting core loss under high-frequency non-sinusoidal excitation is crucial for power electronics equipment design. Temperature significantly affects core loss, and traditional core loss prediction models typically incorporate temperature corrections to enable accurate loss estimation across varying temperatures. Based on the Modified Steinmetz Equation (nonT-MSE) model, this study considers the temperature effect by employing a combination of the Tanh function and a linear term to modify the three empirical parameters, with the Tanh function capturing the nonlinear saturation of the loss coefficient k with increasing temperature. This leads to the establishment of the temperature-corrected non-TMSE (T-MSE) model for predicting magnetic core loss under high-frequency non-sinusoidal excitation. During model derivation, training data undergo logarithmic transformation processing. Subsequently, with T-MSE empirical parameters as variables and the minimum mean squared error between T-MSE predicted values and experimental values as the objective function, a single-objective optimization model is established. Finally, the empirical parameters of T-MSE are calculated using the training data and the single-objective optimization model. Comparing the core loss experimental results of the four materials, the average MSE values for the T-MSE model, the nonT-MSE model, and the square-root temperature-corrected non-TMSE model proposed by Zeng et al. (Zeng) are 0.0082, 0.0459, and 0.0110, respectively; with average MAPE of 1.57%, 1.87%, and 2.17%, respectively; and average R² of 0.9862, 0.9807, and 0.9731. Compared to the nonT-MSE model and the Zeng model, the T-MSE model demonstrated higher prediction accuracy. Full article

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22 pages, 3229 KB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Polarizing Magnetic Field and Volume Fraction of Nanoparticles in a Ferrofluid on the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Microwave Range

by Iosif Malaescu, Paul C. Fannin, Catalin N. Marin and Madalin O. Bunoiu

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010005 - 30 Dec 2025

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Abstract

For the study, we used four kerosene-based ferrofluid samples containing magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with oleic acid. Starting from the initial sample (A0), the other three samples were obtained by dilution with kerosene. The complex magnetic permeability measurements were performed in the microwave region [...] Read more.

For the study, we used four kerosene-based ferrofluid samples containing magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with oleic acid. Starting from the initial sample (A0), the other three samples were obtained by dilution with kerosene. The complex magnetic permeability measurements were performed in the microwave region (0.5–6) GHz, for different H values of the polarizing magnetic field, between (0–115) kA/m. These measurements revealed the ferromagnetic resonance phenomenon for each sample, allowing the determination of the anisotropy field (H_A) and the effective anisotropy constant (K_eff) of nanoparticles, depending on the volume fraction of particles (φ). At the same time, the measurements allowed the determination of the specific magnetic loss power (p_m), effective heating rate (HR_eff), intrinsic loss power (ILP), and specific absorption rate (SAR) as functions of the frequency (f) and magnetic field (H), of all investigated samples, using newly proposed equations for their calculation. For the first time, this study evaluates the maximum limit of the applied polarizing magnetic field (H_max ≈ 80 kA/m) and the minimum limit volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ_min ≈ 3.5%) at which microwave heating of the ferrofluid remains efficient. At the same time, the results obtained show that the temperature increase of the ferrofluid samples, upon interaction with a microwave field, can be controlled by varying both H and φ, pointing to possible applications in magnetic hyperthermia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Magnetochemistry: Past, Present and Future)

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15 pages, 2654 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Improves Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Fe₃O₄ Nanocomposites

by Wenhui Ping, Juan Yang, Xiaohong Cheng, Weibing Zhang, Yilan Shi and Qinghua Yang

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010004 - 26 Dec 2025

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Abstract

The contamination of water bodies by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses a significant concern for the ecological systems, along with public health. Magnetic adsorption stands out as a green and practical solution for treating polluted water. To make the process more efficient and [...] Read more.

The contamination of water bodies by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses a significant concern for the ecological systems, along with public health. Magnetic adsorption stands out as a green and practical solution for treating polluted water. To make the process more efficient and economical, it is important to create materials that not only absorb contaminants effectively but also allow for easy recovery and reuse. This study proposes a simple yet effective method for coating Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer (HP-β-CDCP). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized sorbent were characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The adsorption performance of HP-β-CDCP/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was well-described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, thermodynamic analysis, and the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating multiple interaction mechanisms with PAHs, such as π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Using HP-β-CDCP/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as the adsorbent, the purification rates for the fifteen representative PAHs were achieved within the range of 33.9–93.1%, compared to 15.3–64.8% of the unmodified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The adsorption of all studied PAHs onto HP-β-CDCP/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites was governed by pH, time, and temperature. Equilibrium in the uptake mechanism was obtained within 15 min, with the largest adsorption capacities for PAHs in competitive adsorption mode being 6.46–19.0 mg·g⁻¹ at 20 °C, pH 7.0. This study points to the practical value of incorporating cyclodextrins into tailored polymer frameworks for improving the removal of PAHs from polluted water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Magnetic Materials in Water Treatment—2nd Edition)

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10 pages, 4824 KB

Open AccessArticle

Controlled Synthesis, Microstructure Evolution, and Soft Magnetic Properties of Flaky Iron Nitride

by Sicheng Zhai, Xiaoqiang Li, Changkuan Zheng and Qun Wang

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010003 - 23 Dec 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 718

Abstract

Ball milling treatment facilitates the transformation of carbonyl iron powders from a spherical to a flaky morphology, while simultaneously introducing numerous defects that approach the nanometer scale in one dimension. Flaky iron nitride was synthesized via the gas nitridation in an NH₃ [...] Read more.

Ball milling treatment facilitates the transformation of carbonyl iron powders from a spherical to a flaky morphology, while simultaneously introducing numerous defects that approach the nanometer scale in one dimension. Flaky iron nitride was synthesized via the gas nitridation in an NH₃/N₂ atmosphere. The microstructure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the samples nitrided at different temperatures were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, and VSM. The formation of γ′-Fe₄N and ε-Fe₃N phases impedes domain wall movement, resulting in a slight increase in the H_c of the samples. Notably, γ′-Fe₄N positively influences the magnetic properties of iron nitride. As the nitriding temperature rises, the content of the γ′-Fe₄N phase initially increases before subsequently declining. Consequently, the flaky iron nitride synthesized at 610 °C exhibits excellent soft magnetic properties with a high M_s value reaching up to 177.1 emu/g and a low H_c value, indicating its potential applications in the field of magnetic materials. Full article

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12 pages, 4892 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fabrication of Spindle-like ZnO@Fe₃O₄ Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery and Controlled Release

by Yongfei Guo, Mao Yang, Yan Wang, Zhigang Tian and Tongguo Si

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010002 - 23 Dec 2025

Viewed by 599

Abstract

Developing precise tumor-targeting delivery systems while minimizing off-target toxicity continues to pose significant challenges in medicine application. The integration of two different functional materials has emerged as a promising strategy in current biomedical research. Herein, a hybrid nanocomposite consisting of Fe₃O [...] Read more.

Developing precise tumor-targeting delivery systems while minimizing off-target toxicity continues to pose significant challenges in medicine application. The integration of two different functional materials has emerged as a promising strategy in current biomedical research. Herein, a hybrid nanocomposite consisting of Fe₃O₄ and ZnO was synthesized via a simple approach and employed as a nanoscale drug delivery system to explore the loading capacity and stimuli-responsive release characteristics of the anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX). Results show that the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a multi-scale nanostructure consisting of the spindle-like ZnO nanorods with a mean length of 280 nm, on which the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a diameter of around 16 nm are uniformly dispersed. The ZnO@Fe₃O₄ NPs possess superparamagnetic behavior and a fast response to the external magnet and demonstrate exceptional near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion efficiency. In drug release studies, the ZnO@Fe₃O₄ NPs achieve the controlled DOX release in the simulated acidic tumor microenvironment as well as NIR laser irradiation. Further, the ZnO@Fe₃O₄-DOX composites significantly suppress the viability of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) upon laser activation. These findings suggest that ZnO@Fe₃O₄ NPs are promising candidates for combined photothermal therapy, magnetic-targeted drug delivery, and stimuli-responsive controlled release applications. Full article

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14 pages, 2257 KB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Nano-Ferrofluids: Study of Their Structural, Magnetic, Catalytic, and Toxicological Properties

by Tetyana Prokopiv, Galina Gayda, Roman Serkiz, Viacheslav Zagorodnii, Oleh Smutok, Evgeny Katz and Mykhailo Gonchar

Magnetochemistry 2026, 12(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry12010001 - 20 Dec 2025

Viewed by 1008

Abstract

There is a growing demand for biocompatible, non-toxic nanomaterials with specific functional properties, including catalytic activity. In this study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG was used as a coating agent to [...] Read more.

There is a growing demand for biocompatible, non-toxic nanomaterials with specific functional properties, including catalytic activity. In this study, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG was used as a coating agent to reduce particle agglomeration. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized nanocomposites was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). SEM studies confirmed the nanosized structure of the particles with an average diameter of 20–60 nm. The saturation magnetization values were 57.37 emu·g⁻¹ for nFe₃O₄-PEG6000, 11.95 emu·g⁻¹ for nFe₃O₄-PEG4000 and 3.97 emu·g⁻¹ for nCo_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄-PEG4000. In addition to their high magnetic properties, ferrofluids exhibited peroxidase-like activity, which makes them highly suitable for bioanalytical and biomedical use. The Michaelis–Menten constant (K_M) for hydrogen peroxide ranged from 1.15 to 4.98 mM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved the penetration of the nano-ferrofluids into the yeast cells of Ogataea polymorpha. The studied nano-ferrofluids were found to be non-toxic at concentrations up to 0.2 mg·mL⁻¹ for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, showing no inhibitory effect on the growth of the bacterium Escherichia coli, the yeast Ogataea polymorpha, or animal and human cell lines. These results indicate that the advantages of synthetic nano-ferrofluids—including peroxidase-like activity, strong magnetic properties, cost-effective synthesis, stability, and low toxicity—make the synthesized nano-ferrofluids highly promising for future biomedical and bioanalytical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites for Bioanalytical and Biomedical Purposes)

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Magnetochemistry, Volume 12, Issue 1 (January 2026) – 15 articles

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