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Volume 11
Issue 7
10.3390/fermentation11070396
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Article

Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substrate for Fungal Laccase Production and Biosorbents for Textile Dye Decolorization

by
Eduardo da Silva França
1,
Adriana Ferreira de Souza
2,
Dayana Montero Rodríguez
2,
Nazareth Zimiani de Paula
3,
Anna Gabrielly Duarte Neves
4,
Kethylen Barbara Barbosa Cardoso
5,
Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki
2,
Marcos Antonio Barbosa de Lima
3,* and
Ana Lucia Figueiredo Porto
4
1
Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology–Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
2
Multiuser Center for Analysis and Characterization of Biomolecules and Surface Materials, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-900, PE, Brazil
3
Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
4
Laboratory of Advances in Protein Biotechnology and Bioactive Technology, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
5
Biology Applied to Health Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fermentation 2025, 11(7), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11070396
Submission received: 1 June 2025 / Revised: 5 July 2025 / Accepted: 5 July 2025 / Published: 10 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Research of Solid State Fermentation, 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a widely available agro-industrial residue rich in carbon and phenolic compounds, presenting significant potential for biotechnological valorization. This study evaluated the use of SCG as a suitable substrate for fungal laccase production and the application of the resulting fermented biomass (RFB), a mixture of fermented SCG and fungal biomass as a biosorbent for textile dye removal. Two fungal strains, namely Lentinus crinitus UCP 1206 and Trametes sp. UCP 1244, were evaluated in both submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using SCG. L. crinitus showed superior performance in SSF, reaching 14.62 U/g of laccase activity. Factorial design revealed that a lower SCG amount (5 g) and higher moisture (80%) and temperature (30 °C ± 0.2) favored enzyme production. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed significant structural degradation of SCG after fermentation, especially in SSF. Furthermore, SCG and RFB were chemically activated and evaluated as biosorbents. The activated carbon from SCG (ACSCG) and RFB (ACRFB) exhibited high removal efficiencies for Remazol dyes, comparable to commercial activated carbon. These findings highlight the potential of SCG as a low-cost, sustainable resource for enzyme production and wastewater treatment, contributing to circular bioeconomy strategies.
Keywords: coffee production waste; laccase; solid-state fermentation; activated carbon; Remazol dyes; circular bioeconomy coffee production waste; laccase; solid-state fermentation; activated carbon; Remazol dyes; circular bioeconomy

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MDPI and ACS Style

França, E.d.S.; de Souza, A.F.; Rodríguez, D.M.; de Paula, N.Z.; Neves, A.G.D.; Cardoso, K.B.B.; Campos-Takaki, G.M.d.; de Lima, M.A.B.; Porto, A.L.F. Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substrate for Fungal Laccase Production and Biosorbents for Textile Dye Decolorization. Fermentation 2025, 11, 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11070396

AMA Style

França EdS, de Souza AF, Rodríguez DM, de Paula NZ, Neves AGD, Cardoso KBB, Campos-Takaki GMd, de Lima MAB, Porto ALF. Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substrate for Fungal Laccase Production and Biosorbents for Textile Dye Decolorization. Fermentation. 2025; 11(7):396. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11070396

Chicago/Turabian Style

França, Eduardo da Silva, Adriana Ferreira de Souza, Dayana Montero Rodríguez, Nazareth Zimiani de Paula, Anna Gabrielly Duarte Neves, Kethylen Barbara Barbosa Cardoso, Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki, Marcos Antonio Barbosa de Lima, and Ana Lucia Figueiredo Porto. 2025. "Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substrate for Fungal Laccase Production and Biosorbents for Textile Dye Decolorization" Fermentation 11, no. 7: 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11070396

APA Style

França, E. d. S., de Souza, A. F., Rodríguez, D. M., de Paula, N. Z., Neves, A. G. D., Cardoso, K. B. B., Campos-Takaki, G. M. d., de Lima, M. A. B., & Porto, A. L. F. (2025). Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substrate for Fungal Laccase Production and Biosorbents for Textile Dye Decolorization. Fermentation, 11(7), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11070396

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