Application and Research of Solid State Fermentation, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Fermentation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 187

Special Issue Editor

School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: solid-state fermentation (SSF); microbial fermentation; organic waste; reactor design; SSF process; feed protein; single-cell protein; compost; bio-energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Agriculture-based and light industries produce huge amounts of waste each year. Here, the production of organic wastes without proper disposal procedures leads to environmental pollution, which has a harmful effect on human and animal health. Although some countries, such as China, have seen the comprehensive utilization rate of this waste reach over 70%, current methods remain rudimentary, as in the returning of straw to fields or directly using it as animal feed. Therefore, the question of how to improve the value of this waste remains a meaningful and challenging one. Fermentation is an effective way to increase the value of these organic wastes. Compared with submerged fermentation (SmF), solid-state fermentation (SSF) has various advantages in the utilization of agricultural and light industry wastes (e.g., crop straw, distiller’s grains, livestock manure, kitchen waste), resulting in low water consumption and cost. Therefore, obtaining potential products via SSF—such as protein feed, edible fungi, organic fertilizer, bio-energy, and Jiaosu—has gradually gained interest in recent years. However, the development of efficient SSF still faces numerous challenges, such as in pretreatment methods, mass and heat transfer, reactor design, the fermentation process, and product efficiency.

The goal of this Special Issue is to publish recent research results as well as review papers on SSF products (e.g., single-cell proteins, edible fungi, biopesticides, enzymes, compost, bio-energy, and Jiaosu), SSF processes (e.g., mass and heat transfer), SSF intensification (e.g., pretreatment, process intensification), SSF reactor design (e.g., new SSF reactors), and the economic and environmental analysis of SSF (full life cycle assessment). Other topics focusing on SSF are also of interest. We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Yafan Cai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • solid-state fermentation (SSF)
  • microbial fermentation
  • organic waste
  • reactor design
  • SSF process
  • feed protein
  • single-cell protein
  • compost
  • bio-energy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 5995 KiB  
Article
Pretreatment of Luzhou Distiller’s Grains with Crude Enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum for Feed Protein Production
by Xueke Bai, Jiaxin Wang, Xi Wang, Shuai Li, Yanni Yang, Ruoya Sun, Shilei Wang, Xiaoling Zhao, Zhi Wang, Yafan Cai, Jingliang Xu and Hanjie Ying
Fermentation 2025, 11(5), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11050294 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 18
Abstract
This study developed a solid-state fermentation system based on Trichoderma harzianum, which significantly enhanced the nutritional value of distiller’s grain (DG) feed through a multi-stage synergistic treatment process. During the cellulase production phase, rice husk was used as an auxiliary material, and [...] Read more.
This study developed a solid-state fermentation system based on Trichoderma harzianum, which significantly enhanced the nutritional value of distiller’s grain (DG) feed through a multi-stage synergistic treatment process. During the cellulase production phase, rice husk was used as an auxiliary material, and specific degradation of DGs was effectively enhanced. Through optimization using response surface methodology, the optimal enzyme production conditions were determined. The filter paper enzyme activity reached a peak of 1.45 U/gds (enzyme activity per gram of dry substrate) when the moisture content was 53%, the fermentation time was 3 days, and the Tween-80 dosage was 0.015 mL/g (dry weight basis). Under these conditions, the crude enzyme solution was used to hydrolyze DGs. Compared to original DGs, the content of reducing sugars increased by 10.75%. In the stage of protein production, segmented hydrolysis fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) processes were employed using yeast. The results showed that SSF pathway showed better performance, and the true protein content reached 15.16% after 11 days, an increase of 41.5% compared to the control. Finally, through secondary fermentation regulated by Lactobacillus fermentum, the flavor of the feed was significantly improved. This study innovatively integrated bio-enzymatic hydrolysis and multi-strain synergistic fermentation technologies, providing a novel strategy for the efficient and sustainable production of protein feed based on DGs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application and Research of Solid State Fermentation, 2nd Edition)
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