Hydrology, Volume 9, Issue 6

Early prediction of rainfall is important for the planning of agriculture, water infrastructure, and other socio-economic developments. The near-term prediction (e.g., 10 years) of hydrologic data is a recent development in GCM (General Circulation M...

Protecting the quality of coastal water bodies requires the assessment of contaminant discharge brought by rivers. Numerous methods have been proposed for calculating sediment and nutrient loads. The most widely used and generally recommended are the...

At times, hydrological drought is defined using Q90 or Q95 (90% or 95% flows equaling or exceeding) or even at higher levels, such as Q75 as the cutoff level regardless of their seasonal variation (i.e., truncation at the uniform flow level). In the...

Hydrological modeling is commonly used in urban areas for drainage design and to estimate pluvial flood hazards in order to mitigate flood risks and damages. In general, modelers choose well-known and proven models, which are tailored to represent th...

As many other regions worldwide, the Bolivian Altiplano has to cope with water scarcity during dry periods, which in turn impacts on crop production as flood irrigation is overwhelmingly extended in the region. Since farming is the main income in the...

Radium has been commonly used as a tracer of submarine groundwater discharge to the ocean and embankments, as radium activities are commonly input into box models to calculate a groundwater flux. Similarly, isotopes of radium (Ra²²⁴, Ra²²³, Ra²²⁶, Ra...

Extreme precipitation events can lead to the exceedance of the sewer capacity in urban areas. To mitigate the effects of urban flooding, a model is required that is capable of predicting flood timing and volumes based on precipitation forecasts while...

Urban irrigation is an essential process in land–atmosphere interactions. It is one of the uncertain parameters of urban hydrology due to various microclimates. This study investigated the microclimate effects and irrigation water requirements...

Evapotranspiration (ET) provides important information for hydrological studies, including estimating plant water requirements which can be derived from remote sensing data or simulated using hydrological models. In this study, ET derived from the Mo...

Non-rainfall water input to surface soil moisture is essential to ecosystems, especially in dry climates, where a water deficit may persist for several months. Quantifying the impact of water gains by soil moisture at night will help to understand ve...

Uncertainty is inherent in the modelling of any physical processes. Regarding hydrological modelling, the uncertainty has multiple sources including the measurement errors of the stresses (the model inputs), the measurement errors of the hydrological...

The agricultural sector is vulnerable to extreme phenomena such as droughts, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments and in regions where water infrastructure is limited. Devising preparedness plans, including means for efficient monitoring a...

The Ohrid-Prespa lake system is the oldest and most diverse permanent lake system in Europe, dating from the Pliocene era and aged at over 4Ma. Its smaller component is Lake Macro Prespa (thereafter called Prespa), shared by North Macedonia, Albania,...

This study proposes seven equations to predict the settling velocity of sediment particles with variations in grain size (d), particle shape factor (SF), and water temperature (T) based on the artificial neural network procedure. The data used to dev...

Carbonate aquifers are characterised by strong heterogeneities and their modelling is often a challenging aspect in hydrological studies. Understanding carbonate aquifers can be more complicated in the case of strong seismic events which have been wi...

Spring discharge hydrographs can provide information on karst aquifer connectivity and responses to precipitation. However, few studies have conducted time-series analyses of spring hydrographs over multi-decadal time scales. We examine daily dischar...

A snowpack’s δ²H and δ¹⁸O values evolve with snowfall, sublimation, evaporation, and melt, which produces temporally variable snowpack, snowmelt, and runoff isotope signals. As a snowpack ages, the relatively depleted δ²H and...

Sulfate isotopes (δ³⁴S, δ¹⁸O_SO4) interpreted in conjunction with sulfate concentrations show that sulfate of both agricultural and geologic sources is present in groundwater and surface water in the Rio Grande flood plain within the Hueco...