Open-Source Code for Radium-Derived Ocean-Groundwater Modeling: Project Open RaDOM
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model Descriptions
2.1. General Approach
2.2. SGD Flux Models
- One source, two radium isotopes;
- One source, two radium isotopes with example data;
- One source, three radium isotopes;
- Two sources, three radium isotopes.
2.3. Mixing Models
- Two sources, two radium isotopes;
- Three sources, two radium isotopes;
- Two sources, three radium isotopes;
- Three sources, three radium isotopes;
- Three sources, four radium isotopes.
3. Examples from the Literature
3.1. SGD Flux Models
3.2. Mixing Models
4. Case Studies
4.1. SGD Flux Models
4.2. Mixing Models
5. Limitations and Assumptions
5.1. SGD Flux Models
5.2. Mixing Models
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Original | Project RaDOM | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Isotopes | Residence Time | SGD | Isotopes | Residence Time | SGD | SI Script |
Hwang et al. [23] | Ra226 and Ra223 Combined | 2.0 d | 45–48 cm/d | Ra226 and Ra223 | 9.8 d | 1.7 cm/d | Hwang 2005a.R |
Hwang et al. [27] | Ra226 and Ra223 Combined | 8 d | 72 m/y | Ra226 and Ra223 | 55.9 d | 18.3 m/y | Hwang 2005b.R |
Shellenbarger et al. [13] (winter only) | Ra223 and Ra224 Separate | 3–6 h | 19 and 27 L/s | Ra223 and Ra224 | Un 1 | 15.3 L/s | Shellenbarger 2006.R |
Luo et al. [33] (upper layer only) | Ra223 and Ra224 Separate | 7.2 d | 4.6 × 105 and 6.4 × 105 m3/d | Ra223 and Ra224 | 2.1 h | 1.0 × 107 m3/d | Luo 2014.R |
Garcia-Solonsa 2010 | Ra224, Ra223, Ra226, and Ra228 Separate then Averaged | 2.7 d | 71,500 ± 11,200 m3/d | Ra223, Ra226, and Ra228 | 64 d | 2750 m3/d | Garcia- Solosna 2010.R |
Moore [17] | Project RaDOM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eastern Transect Station | fns | fos | f0 | fns | fos | fo |
S4 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.91 | 0.072 | 0.017 | 0.91 |
S5 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.030 | 0.004 | 0.965 |
S6 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.98 | 0.023 | 0 | 0.965 |
S7 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.98 | 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.978 |
S8 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.027 | 0.002 | 0.969 |
S8 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.013 | 0.007 | 0.978 |
S8 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.030 | 0.004 | 0.965 |
Su et al. [41] | Project RaDOM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface Water Sampling | fSGW | fDGW | fSW | fSGW | fDGW | fSW |
5 April 2010 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.88 | 0.064 | 0.053 | 0.882 |
15 November 2010 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 0.046 | 0.095 | 0.858 |
9 March 2011 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.78 | 0.110 | 0.110 | 0.778 |
29 November 2011 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.83 | 0.008 | 0.144 | 0.847 |
24 April 2012 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.212 | 0.322 | 0.465 |
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Lecher, A.L. Open-Source Code for Radium-Derived Ocean-Groundwater Modeling: Project Open RaDOM. Hydrology 2022, 9, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9060106
Lecher AL. Open-Source Code for Radium-Derived Ocean-Groundwater Modeling: Project Open RaDOM. Hydrology. 2022; 9(6):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9060106
Chicago/Turabian StyleLecher, Alanna L. 2022. "Open-Source Code for Radium-Derived Ocean-Groundwater Modeling: Project Open RaDOM" Hydrology 9, no. 6: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9060106