Children, Volume 12, Issue 5

Background. Poor posture is a common musculoskeletal concern in children and adolescents and may lead to spinal discomfort and long-term structural issues. While excess weight has been linked to altered sagittal alignment, the impact of sports partic...

Background: Life satisfaction serves as a preventive agent against various emotional, cognitive, and behavioral challenges, making it a crucial cognitive indicator of subjective well-being, particularly during adolescence. Accurately assessing life s...

Theoretical background: The study of psychological well-being in children and adolescents living with chronic illness is of particular relevance, as the physical and psychosocial aspects of the illness can have a significant impact on their quality o...

Background/Objectives: Infliximab biosimilars entered the United States (US) market in November 2016. Uptake of infliximab biosimilars has been slow in adult studies. We aimed to assess variation in the initiation of infliximab biosimilars in a large...

Background/Objectives: Children with Down syndrome are predisposed to various oro-dental conditions, which can impact their oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and overall well-being. Given their critical role, parents’ and caregivers&...

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between adolescents’ health risk behaviours (excessive use of alcohol, (e)cigarette smoking, cannabis use) and familial factors. A special objective of this study was to compare findings be...

Objectives: This retrospective study evaluated the short-term effects of removable slow maxillary expansion (SME) on eruption patterns of labially ectopic canines in a Chinese pediatric population, comparing treated patients with untreated controls....

Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) are severe psychiatric disorders that significantly impact the psychological and physiological well-being of affected individuals. Despite increasing prevalence in males over the past few decades, EDs are mainly c...

The General Movements Assessment provides early insight into motor development’s range of motion; however, its relationship with joint kinematics, such as hip abduction range of motion, remains underexplored. This study analyzed hip abduction k...

This research aimed to assess the influence of prenatal and postnatal factors on the remodeling of the pulmonary microvasculature. Methods: The investigation analyzed 67 cases of preterm infants, whose lifespans ranged from 1 day to 149 days. After s...

Background: To date, it remains unclear which oral doses and preparation forms of melatonin should be recommended for children and adolescents with non-organic sleep disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We reviewed the current state of knowl...

With an incidence of 0.3 per 100,000, spondylodiscitis is a rare condition in children. It is typically bacterial in origin and most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Bone involvement in cat-scratch disease (CSD) due to Bartonella henselae is...

The five-year survival rate for childhood cancer now exceeds 80%, leading to an increasing number of young women who may confront infertility in the future due to the gonadotoxic effects of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Despite current guidel...

Discoid medial meniscus (DMM) is a rare congenital anomaly, with bilateral cases being even more uncommon. Due to its rarity, comprehensive data on its prevalence, clinical presentation, and optimal management strategies are limited. This study aimed...

Introduction: Paediatric hip disorders present unique challenges for artificial intelligence (AI)-aided assessments of medical imaging due to disease-related and age-dependent changes in hip morphology. This scoping review aimed to describe current a...

Objective: The aim of our study was to develop current local anthropometric measurement percentiles for newborns and to compare these values with national and international growth chart percentiles. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study e...

Background: Pathological hyperbilirubinemia often leads to hospital readmission within the first week of life, with increased risk of neurological damage if untreated. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurement was integrated into neonatal screening...

Background: Scurvy is an uncommon and often underrecognized disease. However, conditions associated with a restrictive and/or selective diet and inadequate absorption still pose a high risk for developing vitamin C deficiency. Musculoskeletal symptom...

Background: Stunting remains a significant global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, around 22% of children under five are affected, with high rates persisting in South and Southeast Asia. This review ex...

Background: Almost half of all deaths worldwide in children under five are related to malnutrition. Malnutrition encompasses a wide array of nutritional conditions and emerging evidence indicates a growing overlap of these different forms of malnutri...

Background: We recently reported that the transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TCB) tends to underestimate the severity of neonatal jaundice (NJ). We hypothesize that the cumulative ambient light exposure contributes to the discrepancy. Objectives: This s...

Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia...

Introduction: Tracheotomy as a surgical procedure has existed and evolved since ancient times. In modern medicine, surgical techniques for performing this procedure in adults and children have reached a high level of perfection. However, pediatric tr...

Background: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with malignant vasovagal syncope (VVS), a rare yet clinically significant subtype of VVS. Methods: This single-center case–control study enrolled children diagnosed with malig...

Background: Social exclusion in children and adolescents can lead to negative effects such as anxiety, low self-esteem, and academic difficulties. Physical activity and good physical condition could act as protective factors by promoting social integ...

Genetic testing is rapidly becoming standard practice in the care of critically ill newborns within NICUs. Numerous studies have demonstrated the utility of genetic testing, including changes in clinical care, improved diagnostic certainty, and cost...

This article examines the complex relationship between seizures, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS) in pediatric patients, based on detailed findings from a single-center study. Background: Although multiple sclerosis is primarily recognized as an...

Background/Objectives: We will describe the early mobilization protocols applied to critically ill pediatric patients in PICUs, analyzing the strategies employed, the tools used, and the barriers perceived by the healthcare team during their implemen...

Background: Seasonal influenza viruses are primarily known for causing respiratory illness, but rare hematologic complications can occur, especially in young children. While influenza A is more commonly linked to severe manifestations, influenza B ca...

Background: Baló’s concentric sclerosis stands out as a rare form of multiple sclerosis that features large tumor-like demyelinating lesions, which resemble brain tumors and create significant diagnostic and therapeutic obstacles for ped...

Background: Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programmes must partner effectively with families navigating complex circumstances. Adolescent parents (APs) in Teen Parent Units (TPUs) represent a dynamic group demonstrating resilience as...

Background/objectives: Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious public health concern affecting youth worldwide. Potential risk factors of ADV include child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence exposure (eIPV), though existing researc...

Background: Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) plays a beneficial role in the progressive adaptation to the postnatal oxygen-rich environment in preterm infants due to its peculiar properties. Our aim was to evaluate if preterm infants resuscitated with delayed...

Background: Executive function—the cognitive processes and abilities used to perform daily activities and solve real-world problems—is crucial for children’s development. However, existing assessments often lack ecological validity,...

Background/Objectives: Clinical pharmacy plays a crucial role in optimizing medication use, particularly in pediatric settings where drug therapy can be complex and understudied. This study aims to assess the impact of clinical pharmacists in the Ped...

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the prevalence and odds of poor growth patterns among HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) versus HIV-unexposed (HUU) infants in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of m...

Background: With the increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and childhood obesity, physical activity and exercise have emerged as essential pillars of health promotion in childhood. In this context, schools play a fundamental role as key playe...

Neonatology is a specialized branch of medicine, focussed on the care of newborns, either related to preterm birth or other medical conditions like sepsis, asphyxia, or congenital malformations [...]

Background: The medical management and non-transplant surgical options for children with short bowel syndrome (SBS)are maximized as first-line treatments. The purpose of this review is to summarize the currently available evidence and new management...

Background: Children and adolescents with pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (PIBD) face significant challenges, including emotional stress, social isolation, and interrupted education due to symptoms. Effective counseling and education empower th...

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of relative age on gross motor coordination (GMC) development, taking into account biological maturity and sex. Methods: 729 participants aged 10 to 16 years completed three GMC tests newly design...

The intricate airway anatomy and poorly understood etiology of pediatric conditions render the diagnosis of mediastinal disorders particularly challenging. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy, carry high risks and...

Background: Considerable mortality and morbidity rates linked to AGE are well documented in the literature. Many inflammatory markers have been studied in the context of research on AGE as tools to predict the clinical course of the disease and deter...

Background/Objectives: Growth failure is a common complication in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), yet its underlying mechanisms and consequences remain incompletely understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of gro...

Background: Monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies are at risk of complications, particularly selective intrauterine growth restriction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the two-year neurologic outcomes of the eutrophic newborns...

Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing concern that often originates early in life, yet significant challenges remain in translating clinical guidelines into real-world practice. World Kidney Day 2025 highlights the importance of early d...

Background/Objectives: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a significant cause of pediatric hearing loss. However, the prevalence and characteristics of cCMV-related hearing loss remain unclear. Methods: A comprehensive search of major dat...

Background/Objectives: Physical activity plays an essential role in a healthy lifestyle. For children, the development of an encouraging attitude toward exercise can define a positive life-long behaviour. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metaboli...

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are among the most common congenital malformations. Despite significant advancements in understanding the embryonic development of the heart, the etiology of CHDs remains largely unknown. The complexity of the process...

Purpose: The objective of this research was to compare the pain-reducing effects of two topical anesthetic agents, 10% atomized lidocaine spray and an EMLA, cream before needle injection applied at different time intervals using parameters of visual...