Children, Volume 12, Issue 4

Background: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth commonly co-occurs with other affective disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression). Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the front-line treatment for OCD but may require significant adapt...

Background: Up to 33% of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have scrupulosity symptoms, although less is known regarding the prevalence rates in youth, specifically. Scrupulosity translates to “fearing sin where there is none&...

Background: Oral health is a key indicator of general health, well-being, and quality of life. Sociodemographic factors can affect children’s oral health status. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic factors that influence t...

Background: Controversy exists about the usefulness of gastric residual (GR) evaluation in preterm infants, and different results have been obtained in studies addressing this practice. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and...

Background/Objectives: Over the past three decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the biology of neuroblastoma. The integration of prognostic factors has facilitated risk stratification and the development of targeted treatment...

Low social affiliation has been described as a phenotypic marker of antisocial behaviors by disrupting children’s initiation and enjoyment of positive physical and emotional connections with others. Laboratory studies have shown that, in early...

Background/Objectives: Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that cause premature aging due to LMNA mutations and progerin accumulation. Although lonafarnib, an FDA-approved farnesyltransferase inhibitor, offers...

Background: A structure survey conducted by the Department of Health on early childhood development in Thailand indicates that 27.20–32.50% of preschool children have developmental delays. These children require appropriate care and constant st...

Background: The anatomic pathways of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) have primarily been reported in adult in vitro populations with limited branching patterns. Children with hip disorders may require surgical treatment with an anterior ap...

Background/Objectives: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common condition in children, affecting more than 10% of 6-year-olds and typically characterized by involuntary bedwetting during sleep. Although the exact causes remain unclear, ultrasound has emer...

Introduction: Congenital duodenal atresia (DA) (Type I) with a fenestrated web can be characterized by a late presentation with a delayed diagnosis. It is even rarer and usually associated with proximal duodenomegaly. Conventional management involves...

Background/Objectives: Using transcanal endoscopic ear surgery to manage middle ear disease in children remains a controversial topic. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of transcanal endoscopic ear surgery between children and adults....

Background: Dried ivy leaf extract EA 575^® (Prospan^®) is commonly used to treat coughs and may help reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for the common cold. This retrospective study investigated whether prescribing EA 575 is associated with r...

Background. Polytrauma is one of the three leading causes of mortality worldwide and a major contributor to psychosocial morbidity and disability. Concomitant traumatic brain injuries further increase this risk. Methods. We present the case of a 6-ye...

Background: Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has revolutionized pediatric surgery by enhancing precision, safety, and outcomes across various specialties. In recent years, its use has spread through the framework of pediatric surgery, whe...

Background: Venous malformations (VMs) are congenital vascular abnormalities characterized by tortuosity, slow blood flow, and gradual growth. Intra-articular venous malformations (IAVMs) of the knee are rare and often present with symptoms similar t...

Background/Objectives: Time spent in sedentary pursuits is associated with adverse metabolic profiles. Adolescents spend 65–75% of their day in sedentary pursuits; however, evidence among youth is less conclusive. This study examined the effect...

Background: Anorectal Manometry (ARM) plays a crucial role in diagnosing potential motility disorders of anorectum in pediatric gastroenterology. Despite its prevalence, the predictive utility of ARM in guiding therapeutic response remains poorly cha...

Aim: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness and clinical outcomes of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in pediatric dentistry, comparing it with other restorative techniques, analyzing material performance, assessing cost-effectivene...

Objective: This study assessed the utility of capillary blood cartridge-based analysis in evaluating neonatal jitteriness (NJ). Methods: In this retrospective study, we compared outcomes between neonates (37–41 weeks of gestation) diagnosed wit...

Background/Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affect the prognosis of preterm infants, and their coexistence is a risk factor for poor long-term outcomes in very low-birth-weight infants. However, there...

Background: Children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) frequently experience limitations in locomotor abilities, attributable to a complex interplay of factors including muscle weakness and reduced joint mobility. Movement-based priming, such as c...

Background: One in fifty infants is conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART). To date, data on the cardiovascular morbidity of ART individuals is ambiguous. This study investigated the vascular function of young ART subjects using 2...

Background/Objectives: Developmental research has shown that mental health and functioning is determined by social background and child and family characteristics. Until now, there have been few longitudinal studies which considered several aspects a...

Background/Objectives: Residential treatment represents an important level of care for adolescents with severe and/or treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite accumulating evidence supporting the treatment efficacy and...

Repetitive behaviors are actions that are performed consistently and repeatedly, often without an obvious functional purpose. These types of behaviors are common and diverse in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and can influence daily l...

Introduction/objectives: Brain development changes during adolescence are directly linked to various cognitive and behavioral challenges characteristic of this stage. The main objective of this study is to investigate the risks associated with Intern...

Background/Objectives: Swedish schools are mandated to counteract gender norms that restrict students’ life opportunities. School personnel also bear the responsibility of fostering students’ democratic responsibilities and healthy behavi...

Background/Objectives: Intelligence and personality are the most researched constructs in the scientific literature in the field of psychology. Also, the relationship between them has been studied, with controversial results. The present study examin...

Dental fear and anxiety are frequently identified as major contributing factors to non-compliance, uncooperativeness, and difficulties during dental procedures in pediatric patients. These issues can lead to avoidance of dental treatment, resulting i...

Background/Objective: Tibial eminence avulsion fracture (TEAF) is a traumatic injury of the anterior cruciate ligament that occurs in children with an immature skeletal system. It has an incidence of 3 per 100,000 children, with an increasing prevale...

Necrotizing enterocolitis remains one of the most severe gastrointestinal diseases in neonates, particularly affecting preterm infants. It is characterized by intestinal inflammation and necrosis, with significant morbidity and mortality despite adva...

Background/Purpose: Optic neuritis (ON) is a rare disease that may remain a single episode or transform into MS. OCBs and spinal MRI lesions have already been identified as prognostic factors. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate if the presence of more than...

Background/Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, neonatal care units had to change protocols, and little is known about its impact on parents’ mental health. This study aimed to evaluate parental stress, depression, anxiety, and participati...

Background/Objectives: Growth in childhood and adolescence is influenced by a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors, with growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) playing crucial roles in linear growt...

Objectives: Early difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with psychopathological, broader social, and developmental outcomes, underscoring the need for robust assessment tools at a young age. However, most of the existing instruments for p...

Background/Objectives: Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising educational tool for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), offering interactive and engaging learning experiences. While AR interventions have been widely explored in...

Rhabdomyolysis in pediatric patients is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers, leading to the release of intracellular components such as myoglobin, potassium, and creatine kinase i...

Objective: Parental responsibilities for childcare remain unequally distributed between mothers and fathers. This study investigates whether such gender disparity also applies to night-time care, particularly when children experience sleep disorders....

Background: Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder, with the most well-known forms being hemophilia A and hemophilia B. It is important for patients with hemophilia to maintain good oral health and prevent oral diseases because of their increas...

Sleep is a crucial physiological process for cognitive, emotional, and physical development during childhood. Despite its importance, a significant percentage of school-aged children experience sleep disturbances, which can impact academic performanc...

Background/Objectives: Motor difficulties due to developmental coordination disorder seem to exist in adolescence, affecting participation in physical activity. The purposes of the present study were, firstly, to identify motor difficulties and, seco...

Background/Objectives: Deep neck space infections (DNSIs) in children, particularly parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscesses, pose a significant risk due to their ability to cause airway obstruction. The management of these infections in children...

Background: Lymphopenia is associated with disease activity in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but no similar studies exist among children. Furthermore, lymphopenia has only been used as a parameter of disease activity in the...

Background: FIRES is a rare and catastrophic presentation of a de novo refractory status epilepticus (RSE) in healthy individuals following mild febrile illness. It carries a high burden of morbidity and an estimated mortality of 12% in children. In...

Background: This study developed and validated the Aquatic Competence Assessment for Children (ACA-C), an instrument designed to measure personal aquatic competence index in children aged 6 to 12 years. Aquatic competence is essential for water safet...

Background/Objectives: This qualitative study was conducted to understand the experiences of parents of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) regarding experiences of child-to-parent violence (CPV), including the contexts o...

Background/Objectives: One of the metabolic complications of obesity is known as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This narrative review aims to synthesize current research on MetS in young populations, identify knowledge gaps, and guide future studies and...

Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple drug-resistant seizure types, cognitive impairment, and distinctive electroencephalographic patterns. Current treatme...

Background: Malignant Ectomesenchymoma (MEM) is a rare, aggressive soft tissue neoplasm with both neuroectodermal and mesenchymal differentiation. Congenital cases are extremely uncommon, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case...