Virus Pandemics and Vaccinations

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Vaccines and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 September 2025 | Viewed by 2516

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Prevention, Turin Local Health Authority, 10125 Torino, Italy
Interests: public health; vaccines; prevention; infectious diseases; vaccine hesitancy

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Guest Editor
Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Interests: public health; vaccines; prevention; infectious diseases; prevention and protection at work; mass gathering and public health risks
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While the COVID-19 pandemic is far from being really over, new health threats are continuously emerging, particularly from the interface between human beings, animals, insects, and the ever-changing environmental landscape of the post-globalization world. In such a setting, not only new and effective vaccine strategies targeting both “ancient” (e.g., pox, measles, and influenza) and invasive pathogens (e.g., zika and dengue) are required, but also new vaccination strategies focusing on humans and animals, from the perspective of the One Health approach. Moreover, in such a context, vaccine hesitancy threatens achieving adequate vaccination coverage worldwide.

The present SI will, therefore, welcome observational and interventional studies, along with systematic reviews and meta-analyses, addressing the topics of vaccines, vaccination strategies, emerging pathogens, infection control, and vaccine hesitancy.

Dr. Renata Gili
Dr. Davide Gori
Dr. Matteo Riccò
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • vaccine
  • vaccination strategy
  • one health
  • emerging pathogens
  • vaccine hesitancy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 955 KiB  
Article
The Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines During the Pre-Omicron and Omicron Periods: A Retrospective Test-Negative Case–Control Study
by Romeo Brambilla, Renata Gili, Federica Vigna Taglianti, Jacopo Lenzi, Matteo Riccò, Roberto Burioni, Mariaelisabetta Scarvaglieri, Rachele Rocco, Vittorina Buttafuoco, Rosa Maria Teresa Antonia Cristaudo and Davide Gori
Vaccines 2024, 12(11), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111245 - 31 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of original and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in reducing COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among the adult population of Turin, Italy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, test-negative, case–control study of 5768 adults aged ≥50 years who [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of original and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in reducing COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among the adult population of Turin, Italy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, test-negative, case–control study of 5768 adults aged ≥50 years who had symptoms that were consistent with COVID-19-like illness and were admitted to the hospitals of the Turin Health Unit network from 1 January 2021 to 31 January 2023. We evaluated the effectiveness of the vaccines that at the time of the study were authorized in the European Union (original/bivalent BNT162b2; original mRNA-1273; ChAdOx1-S; Ad26.COV2.S) by comparing the odds of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated patients with the odds of a positive test in unvaccinated patients. The association between vaccination status, hospitalization, ICU admission and positive SARS-CoV-2 test was estimated by building multivariate adjusted logistic regression models. Results: During the predominance of the pre-Omicron variants, the vaccine effectiveness of two and three doses received in the last 120 days against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations was 93.6% (95% CI: 90.1 to 95.9) and 97.1% (95% CI: 90.8 to 99.1), respectively. During the predominance of the Omicron variant, the vaccine effectiveness of two and three doses was 26.6% (95% CI: −0.6 to 46.5) and 75.2% (95% CI: 68.1 to 80.7), respectively, and it rose to 88% (95% CI: 78.2 to 93.3) for four or five doses of the bivalent vaccine. Conclusions: Our study confirms that the COVID-19 vaccines protect adult patients from hospitalizations, including the subgroup ≥80 years, also during the period of the Omicron variant’s predominance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus Pandemics and Vaccinations)
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9 pages, 186 KiB  
Brief Report
Evaluating Vaccination Status and Barriers in Children with Rheumatic Diseases
by Shine Vazhappilly, Babatope O. Adebiyi, Racheal Githumbi, Nicole A. Johnson, Otto G. Vanderkooi and Heinrike Schmeling
Vaccines 2025, 13(4), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040384 - 3 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the vaccination status of children with rheumatic diseases (RD) compared to healthy controls (HC) and immunization barriers, as studies examining the vaccination status and factors promoting or hindering vaccination among children RD remain limited. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to evaluate the vaccination status of children with rheumatic diseases (RD) compared to healthy controls (HC) and immunization barriers, as studies examining the vaccination status and factors promoting or hindering vaccination among children RD remain limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on children with RD (in a rheumatology clinic) and HC (in a fracture clinic) at a tertiary care center in Canada. Demographics, diagnosis, treatments, and vaccine status were obtained from health records and a provincial electronic vaccine database. A patient/caregiver questionnaire was used to capture perceived immunization barriers, concerns, and satisfaction. Descriptive statistical methods were used for analysis. Results: The study involved 144 children with RD and 111 HC. Data from 94 children with RD and 86 HC, all lifelong Alberta residents, were analyzed for objective vaccination status. Most vaccines were received at rates of 80% or higher, except the influenza vaccine, which had the lowest adherence (34% in RD vs. 21% in HC). In 31% of RD children, vaccinations were withheld due to active disease, healthcare provider advice, or caregiver concerns about side effects. In 27% HC, vaccinations were withheld due to side effects. Both groups primarily relied on their family doctor for vaccination information, and 85% or more expressed satisfaction with the information received. Conclusions: Most children with RD and HC received recommended vaccines, but influenza vaccination gaps were identified. Knowledge about vaccine contraindications in RD is well understood, but perceived safety concerns limit vaccination completeness. Healthcare providers, especially family doctors, pediatricians, and rheumatologists, should be providing education resources for vaccines and be proactive in discussing the safety and necessity of vaccinations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus Pandemics and Vaccinations)
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