Diagnostics, Volume 14, Issue 1

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the major problems in COVID-19 that is not well understood. ARDS is usually complicated by co-infections in hospitals. Although ARDS is inherited by Europeans and Africans, this is not clear for th...

The aim of this work is to analyze the viral titers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at the anterior nasal site (ANS) and nasopharyngeal site (NS), evaluate their virological dynami...

To evaluate the prediction model comprised of patients’ laboratory results and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of host gene for the clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who und...

Background: Forearm intersection syndrome causes pain, swelling, and a rub at the dorsal distal forearm where the first extensor compartment muscles intersect with the second compartment tendons. Although primary care settings tend to treat mild case...

Prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot traditionally relied on two-dimensional ultrasonography. To enhance diagnosis and predict postnatal outcomes, we examined the parameters that differentiate pathological clubfoot using three-dimensional ultrasonography....

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous myocardial disorder characterized by prominent trabeculae protruding into the left ventricular lumen and deep intertrabecular recesses. LVNC can manifest in isolation or alongside other heart...

The purpose of this study was to review the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting perineural spreading (PNS) of head and neck tumors using histopathological or surgical evidence from the afflicted nerve as the reference standard. Previous studies i...

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is increasingly diagnosed with highly sensitive PCR diagnostics in immunocompromised, HIV-negative individuals. We assessed the performance of our in-house quantitative PCR with the aim to optimise interpr...

Advances in both imaging techniques and genetics have led to the recognition of a wide variety of aortic anomalies that can be grouped under the term ‘hereditary thoracic aortic diseases’. The present review aims to summarize this very he...

Post-thyroidectomy syndrome (PTS), characterized by voice issues after thyroidectomy without recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, was investigated in this study. The Voice Fatigue Index (VFI) and cepstral analysis were employed for subjective and object...

The frequency of concurrent thyroid cancer in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) varies. While the pathological association between thyroid and parathyroid disorders is frequently noted, the co-occurrence of parathyroid adenoma and papi...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various sectors, including medicine and healthcare. Large language models like ChatGPT showcase AI’s potential by generating human-like text through prompts. ChatGPT’s...

Metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms are commonly used in computed tomography (CT) scans where metal implants are involved. However, MAR algorithms also have the potential to create new artifacts in reconstructed images. We present a case of a s...

Shoulder pain is a common issue often linked to conditions such as subacromial impingement or rotator cuff lesions. The role of the acromion in these symptoms remains a subject of debate. This study aims to establish standardized values for commonly...

Parknson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 1% of people aged over 60. PD is characterized by a wide range of motor symptoms, however the clinical spectrum of PD covers a wide range of non-motor sympto...

Ultra-wide-field fundus imaging (UFI) provides comprehensive visualization of crucial eye components, including the optic disk, fovea, and macula. This in-depth view facilitates doctors in accurately diagnosing diseases and recommending suitable trea...

The primary aim of our study was to assess the main mammographic and ultrasonographic features of invasive male breast malignancies. The secondary aim was to evaluate whether a specific radiological presentation would be associated with a worse recep...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can have a significant impact on quality of life. With persistent symptoms and the failure of initial medical treatments, surgical management is indicated. Despite the excellent results of endoscopic sinus surgery for per...

Fetal hyperthyroidism can occur secondary to maternal autoimmune hyperthyroidism. The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) transferred from the mother to the fetus stimulates the fetal thyroid and causes fetal thyrotoxicosis. Fetuses...

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy (TE) and deep sclerectomy (DS) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and thereby preserving visual field and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) tissue in primary op...

The colloid cyst is a non-malignant tumor growth made of a gelatinous material covered by a membrane of epithelial tissue. It is usually located posterior to the foramen of Monro, in the anterior aspect of the third ventricle of the brain. Due to its...

Mismatch repair deficiency (d-MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI), KRAS, and BRAF mutational status are crucial for treating advanced colorectal cancer patients. Traditional methods like immunohistochemistry or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can b...

Interventional oncology (IO) is the field of Interventional Radiology that provides minimally invasive procedures under imaging guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Sophisticated devices can be utilized to increase standardiz...

Every year, millions of women across the globe are diagnosed with breast cancer (BC), an illness that is both common and potentially fatal. To provide effective therapy and enhance patient outcomes, it is essential to make an accurate diagnosis as so...

In patients with hormone receptor positive, human epidermal receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2−) negative breast cancer (BC), the TAILORx study showed the benefit of adding chemotherapy (CHT) to endocrine therapy (ET) in a subgroup of patients under...

Gaining the ability to audit the behavior of deep learning (DL) denoising models is of crucial importance to prevent potential hallucinations and adversarial clinical consequences. We present a preliminary version of AntiHalluciNet, which is designed...

There is no well-defined threshold for intra-operative blood transfusion (BT) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) surgery. To address this, we devised a Machine Learning (ML)-driven prediction algorithm aimed at prompting and elucidating a co...

This study aimed to compare vascular involvement, hand functionality, and upper limb disability between Raynaud’s phenomenon participants and controls. Also, we analyzed the relationships between vascular impairment, mobility, and strength with...

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a relevant, highly diverse subgroup of head and neck tumors whose entity determination can be difficult. Confocal Raman imaging in combination with multivariate data analysis may possibly support their correct classif...

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a single-dose oral pilocarpine administration on tear film (TF), as well as dry eye and dry mouth symptoms, in 53 eyes of 27 Sjögren syndrome (SS) patients who were experiencing dry mouth. To eval...

This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of two artificial intelligence (AI) techniques: Kakao Brain Artificial Neural Network for Chest X-ray Reading (KARA-CXR), an assistive technology developed using large-scale AI and lar...

Skin cancer poses a significant healthcare challenge, requiring precise and prompt diagnosis for effective treatment. While recent advances in deep learning have dramatically improved medical image analysis, including skin cancer classification, ense...

Pulmonary regurgitation usually leads to right heart dilatation and eventually right heart dysfunction, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement is a developing treatment for pulmonary valve dysfunction tha...

Ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) remain a global health concern. Many IHD cases go undiagnosed due to challenges in the initial diagnostic process, particularly in cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) a...

A significant proportion of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia have no “significant” epicardial disease; thereby, the assessment of coronary microcirculation gained an important role in improving diagnosis and guiding...

A rare entity of non-hiatal type transdiaphragmatic hernias, which must be clearly differentiated from paraoesophageal hernias, are the phrenic defects that bear the generic name of congenital hernias—Bochdalek hernia and Larey-Morgagni hernia,...

Copy number variation (CNV) is a primary source of structural variation in the human genome, leading to several disorders. Therefore, analyzing neonatal CNVs is crucial for managing CNV-related chromosomal disabilities. However, genomic waves can hin...

Radical hysterectomy is a central surgical procedure in gynecological oncology. A nerve-sparing approach is essential to minimize complications from iatrogenic injury to the pelvic nerves, resulting in postoperative urinary, anorectal, and sexual dys...

Purpose: Data comparing lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest X-rays (CXRs) have increased over the past years. However, there still is a lack of knowledge as to how these modalities compare with one another in the critical care setting, and several factor...

In order to support or refute the clinical suspicion of cranial giant cell arteritis (GCA), a supplemental imaging modality is often required. High-resolution black blood Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BB MRI) techniques with contrast enhancement can vi...

Advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) is a rare haematological neoplasm characterised by the accumulation of neoplastic mast cells (MCs) in various organs, resulting in organ dysfunction and reduced life expectancy. The subtypes include aggressive S...

Hearing loss is commonly encountered by general practitioners. We aimed to evaluate the screening benefit of air conduction pure-tone audiometry over visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for hearing loss. Moreover, we intended to perform the first cros...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common (90%) type of solid pancreatic neoplasm. Due to its late presentation and poor survival rate, early diagnosis and timely treatment is of utmost importance for better clinical outcomes. Endosc...

The echocardiographic monitoring of a fetus with multiple nuchal cords around the fetal neck is important as it may result in cardiac remodeling and preferential streaming, thus affecting the condition of the fetus. The main aim of our study was to a...

Most of the development of gastric disease prediction models has utilized pre-trained models from natural data, such as ImageNet, which lack knowledge of medical domains. This study proposes Gastro-BaseNet, a classification model trained using gastro...

(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing challenge, both for patients and physicians, in order to control the impact on health and prevent complications. Millions of patients with diabetes require medical attention, which generates problem...

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard treatment for early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The primary endpoint of NAC is a pathological complete response (pCR). NAC results in pCR in only 30–40% of TNBC patients...

Counting CD4+ T lymphocytes using flow cytometry is a standard method for monitoring patients with HIV infections. Simpler and cheaper alternatives to flow cytometry are in high demand because getting access to flow cytometers is difficult or impossi...

Background: High adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for achieving viral suppression and preventing onward HIV transmission. ART continuation can be challenging for pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV), which has critical implica...

Accurate differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes is important for prognosis and treatment planning in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance image (MRI)...