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Life, Volume 12, Issue 1

January 2022 - 133 articles

Cover Story: It has been proposed that viroids are direct descendants of primordial RNA replicons that are present in the hypothetical RNA world. We argue, however, that a much later origin of viroids, possibly from recently discovered mobile genetic elements known as retrozymes, is a far more plausible evolutionary scenario. Nevertheless, viroids and viroid-like circular RNAs are minimal replicators that are likely to be close to the theoretical lower limit of replicator size and arguably comprise the paradigm for replicator emergence. Thus, although viroid-like replicators are unlikely to be direct descendants of primordial RNA replicators, the study of the diversity and evolution of these ultimate genetic parasites can yield insights into the earliest stages of evolution. View this paper.
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Articles (133)

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,672 Views
18 Pages

Taurine Stabilizing Effect on Lysozyme

  • Leonardo Mastrella,
  • Paolo Moretti,
  • Silvia Pieraccini,
  • Simona Magi,
  • Silvia Piccirillo and
  • Maria Grazia Ortore

17 January 2022

Taurine is an important organic osmolyte in mammalian cells, and it weakens inflammation and oxidative stress mediated injuries in some diseases. Recently, taurine has been demonstrated to play a therapeutic role against neurodegenerative disorders,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
5,323 Views
14 Pages

Epidermal Barrier Function and Skin Homeostasis in Atopic Dermatitis: The Impact of Age

  • Trinidad Montero-Vilchez,
  • Carlos Cuenca-Barrales,
  • Juan-Angel Rodriguez-Pozo,
  • Pablo Diaz-Calvillo,
  • Jesús Tercedor-Sanchez,
  • Antonio Martinez-Lopez,
  • Alejandro Molina-Leyva and
  • Salvador Arias-Santiago

17 January 2022

Skin is damaged in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Age is also believed to have a negative effect on epidermal barrier function. The aim of this study was to investigate skin barrier function changes with age in AD patients. A cross-sectional study...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,394 Views
28 Pages

17 January 2022

Antibodies are a type of protein produced by active B cells in response to antigen stimulation. A series of monoclonal antibodies and neutralizing antibodies have been invented and put into clinical use because of their high therapeutic effect and br...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,703 Views
12 Pages

17 January 2022

Vulnerable lesions with intraplaque hemorrhages are associated with a high incidence of complications following carotid artery stenting (CAS). CAS for vulnerable lesions has not been established; therefore, we gradually expand stents in such patients...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,359 Views
11 Pages

Ex Vivo Effect of Novel Lipophosphonoxins on Root Canal Biofilm Produced by Enterococcus faecalis: Pilot Study

  • Yuliya Morozova,
  • Iva Voborná,
  • Radovan Žižka,
  • Kateřina Bogdanová,
  • Renata Večeřová,
  • Dominik Rejman,
  • Milan Kolář,
  • Duy Dinh Do Pham,
  • Pavel Holík and
  • Roman Moštěk
  • + 2 authors

17 January 2022

(1) Background: The root canal system has complex anatomical and histological features that make it impossible to completely remove all bacteria by mechanical means only; they must be supplemented with disinfectant irrigation. Current disinfectants a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
3,863 Views
14 Pages

RETRACTED: Assessment of 2-Pentadecyl-2-oxazoline Role on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation on Early Stage Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

  • Davide Di Paola,
  • Sabrina Natale,
  • Enrico Gugliandolo,
  • Marika Cordaro,
  • Rosalia Crupi,
  • Rosalba Siracusa,
  • Ramona D’Amico,
  • Roberta Fusco,
  • Daniela Impellizzeri and
  • Salvatore Cuzzocrea
  • + 3 authors

17 January 2022

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or bacterial endotoxin, is an important virulence factor in several human and animal pathologies. Oxazoline of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEAOXA) has shown strong anti-inflammatory activity in several animal models. LPS was appl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,257 Views
15 Pages

Pharmacological Effect of GABA Analogues on GABA-ϱ2 Receptors and Their Subtype Selectivity

  • Moawiah M. Naffaa,
  • David E. Hibbs,
  • Mary Chebib and
  • Jane R. Hanrahan

17 January 2022

GABAϱ receptors are distinctive GABAergic receptors from other ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors in their pharmacological, biochemical, and electrophysiological properties. Although GABA-ϱ1 receptors are the most studied i...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,268 Views
11 Pages

16 January 2022

To develop a severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model transited from mild symptoms, we investigated a “two-hit” strategy with L-arginine in mice. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with ice-cold L-arginine (4 g/kg) twice at an interval...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,278 Views
11 Pages

Intestinal Disorder in Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio): The Protective Action of N-Palmitoylethanolamide-oxazoline

  • Davide Di Paola,
  • Sabrina Natale,
  • Carmelo Iaria,
  • Marika Cordaro,
  • Rosalia Crupi,
  • Rosalba Siracusa,
  • Ramona D’Amico,
  • Roberta Fusco,
  • Daniela Impellizzeri and
  • Salvatore Cuzzocrea
  • + 3 authors

16 January 2022

IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) is an inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract that is common in both humans and veterinarians. Several studies have revealed the pharmacological properties of the oxazoline of palmitoylethanolamide (...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
4 Citations
11,318 Views
8 Pages

Multiple Inflammatory Pseudotumors of the Liver Demonstrating Spontaneous Regression: A Case Report

  • Noriko Ishii-Kitano,
  • Hirayuki Enomoto,
  • Takashi Nishimura,
  • Nobuhiro Aizawa,
  • Yoko Shibata,
  • Akiko Higashiura,
  • Tomoyuki Takashima,
  • Naoto Ikeda,
  • Yukihisa Yuri and
  • Aoi Fujiwara
  • + 10 authors

16 January 2022

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare benign disease. IPTs generally develop as solitary nodules, and cases with multiple lesions are uncommon. We herein report a case of multiple IPTs of the liver that spontaneously regressed. A 70-y...

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Life - ISSN 2075-1729