Agronomy, Volume 12, Issue 4

The size and the weight of wheat grains vary across the length of each spike (Triticum aestivum L.). High temperature and water scarcity often reduce the single grain weight, and this reduction also varies across the spike length. Plants tend to cope...

The Spanish agri-food industries face a new energy context radically different from the one existing less than a year ago. A comparable situation is occurring in other European countries. The great variability and different seasonality of the agro-in...

Carbon (C) cycling is crucial to agroecosystem functioning. Important determinants for the belowground C flow are soil food webs, with microorganisms and microfaunal grazers, i.e., nematodes, as key biota. The present study investigates the incorpora...

Direct seeding (DS) of rice gained much attention due to labor scarcity and unavailability of water. However, reduced emergence and poor seedling establishment are the main problems of DS which causes significant yield losses. Herein, DS-associated s...

Agriculture is the foundation of every country’s survival and development. This paper analyzes the interaction between the business environment, agricultural opening-up and high-quality agricultural economy from the perspective of China’s...

Switchgrass tolerates nutrient and water limitations; however, high salt concentrations may inhibit its production. Therefore, the salt tolerance potential of switchgrass needs to be enhanced for economic production. The objective of this study was t...

Olive manufacturing generates the most polluting wastewater. Olive mill wastewater (OMW) contains a large amount of organic and inorganic fractions. Olive-oil-producing countries have investigated several treatments and valorization processes for bet...

The effect of (NH₄)₂SO₄:Ca(NO₃)₂ ratios applied by fertigation on nutritional status, fruit set, yield, and marketable yield of pomegranate trees cv. Wonderful was evaluated. The trees were provided with five nutrient solutions with the same total ni...

Droughts affect all socio-economic sectors and have negative impacts on the environment. Droughts are expected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change, which makes their effective management a high priority for policy makers and w...

The mechanism through which Hydrangea macrophylla are able to change color has been the focus of investigation for many studies. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the complexation of aluminum ions and anthocyanins to regulate the color cha...

In strawberry micropropagation, several challenges must be overcome to obtain quality plants and achieve high survival rate to ex vitro acclimatization. In this study, therefore, a set of protocols were evaluated to optimize explant (meristem) disinf...

The demand for mobile applications in agriculture is increasing as smartphones are continuously developed and used for many purposes; one of them is managing pests and diseases in crops. Using mobile applications, farmers can detect early infection a...

Soil respiration (Rs) plays an important role in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the impacts of plant community functional traits on Rs is a key prerequisite for accurate prediction of the future carbon balance of terrestria...

Twenty-four hybrids, obtained from a mating design following 6 line × 4 testers, were evaluated to estimate the heterosis, specific, and general combining ability (SCA and GCA) of parents and hybrids to find out suitable general combiner (GC) p...

The paper presents a pumpkin yield estimation method using images acquired by a UAV. The processing pipeline is fully automated. It consists of orthomosaic generation, a color model collection using a random subset of the data, color segmentation, an...

Strawberry is a very popular fruit, appreciated for its unique flavor and many beneficial traits such as antioxidants and useful amino acids, which strongly contribute to the overall quality of the product. Indeed, the quality of fresh fruit is a fun...

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and thermophilic crop. This study aimed to reveal the required accumulative day length (ADL) and accumulative active temperature (AAT) for DSF (days of sowing to flowering) and DFM (days of flow...

Both compact planting and selecting superior maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids can greatly optimize the source–sink relationship and enhance maize productivity. However, the underlying physiological mechanism for regulating carbon (C) assimilate tran...

Understanding the differences in cool-season turfgrass responses to shade is critical for future turfgrass management and breeding for improved shade tolerance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shade-tolerance mechanisms of two cool-seas...

Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist is a widespread noxious weed with high fecundity, associated with no-till systems such as vineyards and other perennial crops in Mediterranean climates. Seeds germinate in staggered flushes, which leads to a great va...

Plant height of maize is related to lodging resistance and yield and is highly heritable but also polygenic, and thus is an important trait in maize breeding. Various manual methods exist to determine the plant height of maize, yet they are labor-int...

Indigenous upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple food for people. The productivity of upland rice is generally lower than lowland rice since crop yield depends on the amount of rainfall. Climate change is a major problem in rice produc...

Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. It is essential to understand the population structure and race distribution of P. oryzae for the prevention and control of rice blast. This study colle...

Cover cropping (CC) is the most promising in-field practice to improve soil health and mitigate N losses from fertilizer use. Although the soil microbiota play essential roles in soil health, their response to CC has not been well characterized by bi...

Winter irrigation is important for wheat in meeting crop water requirements in spring, but it alters soil moisture dynamics and affects soil N₂O production and emission. To assess the effects of winter irrigation on soil N₂O emissions in a winter whe...

Conservation agriculture based on no-tillage (NT) and crop rotation allows to enhance soil health. Based on data collected from long-term trials in a semi-arid region of Tunisia, results showed that NT increased significantly soil organic carbon stoc...

Water scarcity and poor irrigation practices limit crop productivity and increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in arid Northwest China. Therefore, we investigated the effects of five growth stage-based deficit irrigation strategies on the yield, qu...

Interspecific interactions and recovery growth play an important role in crop growth, development and ultimately yield in intercropping systems. However, the impact of different water and nitrogen levels on intercropping production, interspecific int...

With the increasing greenhouse effect, high temperature has become the most unfavorable environmental factor for the rice grain filling process, affecting rice yield and quality mainly through changing the composition and structure of starch in rice...

The production of rainfed crops in arid regions is an extremely difficult task, especially without tillage. In southern Kazakhstan, in 2020–2021, the approbation of various nutrition regimes for winter wheat grown in conditions of no-tillage ra...

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic stress that negatively impacts plant growth and crop productivity. Al ions are released into soil solutions as a function of soil pH, which is in turn determined by a combination of factors, including local g...

The spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) is considered the main and most limiting pest of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), and has caused economic losses to Brazilian farmers. In this study, we evaluated the insecticidal effe...

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation provides most of the nitrogen required for soybean growth. Rhizobial nodulation outer proteins (Nops) have been reported to influence host specificity during symbiosis establishment. However, the host proteins that interac...

In order to solve the problems of traditional seeders, such as low seeding efficiency, tangled straw, a large amount of clay, easy ridge breakage in sowing operations, low qualified rate of high-speed seeding, and poor uniformity, this paper takes th...

Efficient utilization is a pre-requisite for pesticide reduction, and appropriate airflow distribution pattern plays a key role in enhancing the effectiveness of pesticide application by air-assisted orchard sprayers, yet the mechanism of this is unc...

The cultivation of cotton and in particular the quality characteristics of the fiber are mainly influenced by the growing conditions, the cultivation techniques as well as the climatic changes of the environment. The current study aimed to quantify t...

Anhydrous ammonia is a cheaper source of nitrogen (N) fertiliser than granular urea for rice production, but it is not widely used in developing countries. It can only be applied pre-crop with any in-crop applications being applied in the form of ure...

Urea–nitrogen is commonly lost through ammonia (NH₃) volatilization, denitrification, and nitrate (NO₃⁻) leaching. Rejected sago starch (RSS), which is a by-product of sago flour extraction, could be used to minimize NH₃ volatilization fr...

Magnesium (Mg) plays an important role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes in plants. However, Mg deficiency is common worldwide, especially in greenhouse vegetable systems, due to the overuse or misuse of fertilizers. This study inve...

Cotton breeding progress stagnation, changing production conditions, and continued high fiber quality demands are challenging the cotton industry in Burkina Faso. The F₁ populations developed by half diallel crosses between germplasm from Texas A&...

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a plant native to Asia, and is considered to be a primary source of food, textile fiber, and medicines. It is characterized by containing minimal concentrations of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabidol (THC), which is t...

Agricultural waste is a type of solid waste that needs to be managed properly. Organic waste can be recycled to produce bokashi fertilizer, which can be used to improve soil health, increase crop production, and sanitize the environment. However, it...

Considering that the relationships between agrometeorological drought indices and the impact of agricultural drought in Slovenia are not yet well understood, the aim of this study was to make an indicative evaluation of the success of selected drough...

Molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), and iron (Fe) play an important role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation by legume plants. The intensity of this process varies in different growth stages of legumes, and the changes are accompanied by changes in the content an...

The effect of seed coating salt-stressed tomato with the bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans BOA4 and/or irrigation with an extract of the marine algae Enteromorpha intestinalis (EI) is herein evaluated. The plant shoots and roots were harvested sep...

There is a great need for improving oat forage production to increase forage supply and protect grassland ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. We conducted two field experiments and modeling work to investigate the responses of oat (Avena sativa L.) fo...

Climate change-induced extreme changes are making phytomass yields of extensive grasslands in continental areas increasingly dependent on the season. This situation is exacerbated, inter alia, by the decline in grazing livestock production due to a l...

Unguided exploitation has impaired the sustainability of natural resources of agronomic non-wood forest plants from understory boglands in boreal forests. The extreme consequences of plant–soil interplay on medicinal plant communities under con...

The recent decade has witnessed an increase in irrigated acreage in the southeast United States due to the shift in cropping patterns, climatic conditions, and water availability. Peanut, a major legume crop cultivated in Georgia, Southeast United St...

The evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds has emerged as one of the most serious threats to sustainable food production systems, which necessitates the evaluation of herbicides to determine their efficacy. The first herbicide resistance case in...