Cancers, Volume 12, Issue 12

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key modifier in breast cancer. It is unclear whether NRF2 suppresses or promotes breast cancer progression. We studied the clinical relevance of NRF2 expression by conducting in silico analyses...

PI3K pathway activation is frequently observed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, single agent PI3K inhibitors have shown limited anti-tumor activity. To investigate biomarkers of response and resistance mechanisms, we tested 17 TNBC p...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal disease with limited clinical treatment options available. Recently, a new inhibitor targeting the prominent cancer signaling pathway mTOR was discovered (Rapalink-1), but its therapeutic potential on stem cell populati...

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequently observed malignant gynecologic disease in developed countries. There is a strong association between the established risk factor obesity and the incidence of EC. Furthermore, the rate of women with a bod...

Background/Aim: In recent years, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has been used in many oncology applications as a surrogate marker of tumor cellularity and aggressiveness, although several factors may introduce bias when calculating this coe...

Transmembrane protein with an EGF-like and two Follistatin-like domains 2 (TMEFF2) is a 374-residue long type-I transmembrane proteoglycan which is proteolytically shed from the cell surface. The protein is involved in a range of functions including...

Tumor progression involves the co-evolution of transformed cells and the milieu in which they live and expand. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a specialized subset of cells that sustain tumor growth and drive metastatic colonization. However, th...

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative T-cell lymphoma. Where implant history is known, all confirmed cases to date have occurred in patients with exposure to textur...

The crosstalk between cancer cells and adipocytes is critical for breast cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions have not been fully characterized. In the present study, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P...

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults; little is known about the contribution of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to UM pathogenesis. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks based on RNA–RNA interactio...

Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) is a chaperonin composed of eight subunits that participates in intracellular protein folding. Here, we showed that increased levels of subunits of CCT, particularly CCT-β, were significantly correlated with low...

Tumor organoids are tridimensional cell culture systems that are generated in vitro from surgically resected patients’ tumors. They can be propagated in culture maintaining several features of the tumor of origin, including cellular and genetic...

Background: We aimed to assess the ability of comprehensive complication index (CCI) and Clavien-Dindo complication (CDC) scale to predict excessive length of hospital stay (e-LOS) in patients undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma....

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effectors capable of broad cytotoxicity via germline-encoded receptors and can have conferred cytotoxic potential via the addition of chimeric antigen receptors. Combined with their reduced risk of graft-ve...

Adjuvant chemotherapy is currently used in all patients with resected pancreatic cancer who are able to begin treatment within 3 months after surgery. Since the recent publication of the PRODIGE 24 trial results, modified FOLFIRINOX has become the st...

Real-time tumor imaging techniques are increasingly used in oncological surgery, but still need to be supplemented with novel targeted tracers, providing specific tumor tissue detection based on intra-tumoral processes or protein expression. To maxim...

Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a novel complementary therapy in oncology which is based on the higher conductivity and permittivity of cancerous tissues due to their enhanced glycolytic activity and ionic content compared to healthy normal...

We investigated the association of social jetlag (misalignment between the internal clock and socially required timing of activities) and prostate cancer incidence in a prospective cohort in Alberta, Canada. Data were collected from 7455 cancer-free...

Although some studies suggested that disruption of the Hippo signaling pathway is associated with osteosarcoma progression, the molecular mechanisms by which YAP regulates primary tumor growth is not fully clarified. In addition, the validation of YA...

Antimicrobial properties of silver (I) ion and its complexes are well recognized. However, recent studies suggest that both silver (I) ion and its complexes possess anticancer activity associated with oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of various can...

Little is known about delayed postoperative hyponatremia (DPH) accompanied with transsphenoidal surgery for non-adenomatous skull base tumors (NASBTs). Consecutive data on 30 patients with parasellar NASBT was retrospectively reviewed with detailed a...

CRC is the third most diagnosed cancer in the US with the second-highest mortality rate. A multi-modality approach with surgery/chemotherapy is used in patients with early stages of colon cancer. Radiation therapy is added to the armamentarium in pat...

Immunotherapy is now the preferred treatment for most lung cancer patients. It is used to treat unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer and is the first-line therapy for non-oncogene-driven advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer pat...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and medium-term toxicities, the quality of life, and aesthetic results of patients with breast cancer (BC) treated with tomotherapy. This was a prospective study, including patients with BC treate...

Ionizing radiation has been used in the treatment of cancer for more than 100 years. While often very effective, there is still a great effort in place to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy for controlling the progression and recurrence of tum...

RNA molecules are a source of phenotypic diversity and an operating system that connects multiple genetic and metabolic processes in the cell. A dysregulated RNA network is a common feature of cancer. Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRN...

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive tumor originating from mesothelial cells. Although several etiological factors were reported to contribute to MPM onset, environmental exposure to asbestos is certainly a major ris...

Serine–threonine protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF)-mutated metastatic melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive type of skin cancer. Treatment of MM patients using BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) eventually leads to drug resistance, limiting any clinical...

Statistical texture analysis of cancer cell nuclei stained for DNA has recently been used to develop a pan-cancer prognostic marker of chromatin heterogeneity. In this study, we instead analysed chromatin organisation by automatically quantifying the...

Uterine leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors occurring in 70% of women of reproductive age. The majority of leiomyomas harbor one of three well-established genetic changes: a hotspot mutation in MED12, overexpression of HMGA2, or biallelic loss...

Pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a group of chemosensitive malignancies with a 90% curability rate. We report a series of children with relapsing or therapy-resistant GCT treated with melphalan–etoposide–carboplatin high-dose chemoth...

Estrogen receptor α expressing breast cancers (BC) are classically treated with endocrine therapy. Prolonged endocrine therapy often results in a metastatic disease (MBC), for which a standardized effective therapy is still lacking. Thus, new d...

Maintenance of the intestinal epithelium is dependent on the control of stem cell (SC) proliferation and differentiation. The fine regulation of these cellular processes requires a complex dynamic interplay between several signaling pathways, includi...

Cancer related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a serious impairment to maintaining quality of life in cancer survivors. Cancer chemotherapy contributes to this condition through several potential mechanisms, including damage to the blood brain barrier...

In vitro antitumor activity of the CDK7 inhibitor BS-181 against human T-ALL Jurkat cells was determined. Treatment of Jurkat clones (JT/Neo) with BS-181 caused cytotoxicity and several apoptotic events, including TRAIL/DR4/DR5 upregulation, c-FLIP d...

The worldwide growth of cancer incidence can be explained in part by changes in the prevalence and distribution of risk factors. There are geographical gaps in the estimates of cancer prevalence, which could be filled with innovative methods. We used...

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective in targeting hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, but the incidence of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains still high. In this study, we investigated a cohort of HCV-infected patients...

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) plays a key role in breast cancer progression and was recently shown to bind to the chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78); however, the clinical significance of this association...

Currently, the healthcare management systems are shattered throughout the world, even in the developed nations due to the COVID-19 viral outbreak. A substantial number of patients infected with SARS-CoV2 develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (A...

Treatment for early stage and localized prostate cancer (PCa) is highly effective. Patient survival, however, drops dramatically upon metastasis due to drug resistance and cancer recurrence. The molecular mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis are comp...

Signalling through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to strong proinflammatory responses, enhancing the activity of antigen presenting cells and shaping adaptive immune responses against tumour associated antigens. Unfortunately, toxicities...

Tumor angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biology. Identifying molecular prognostic markers is critical to further improve treatment selection in these patients. The present study analyzed a subset of 10 germline polym...

The natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor and its family of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are key components in the innate immune system, triggering NK, γδ and CD8⁺ T cell-mediated immune responses. While surface NKG2DL are rarely fo...

Despite pharmacological treatments and surgical practice options, the mortality rate of astrocytomas and glioblastomas remains high, thus representing a medical emergency for which it is necessary to find new therapeutic strategies. Fibroblast growth...

Exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRs) contribute to cancer metastasis. To identify pro-metastatic circulating exo-miRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), next-generation sequencing-based plasma exo-miR profiles of 14 patients with HCC (eight non-metastatic a...

Anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy has proven efficacious against many cancers but only reached modest objective response rates against recurrent ovarian cancer. A deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) may reveal other immunosuppressive mechani...

While overall colorectal cancer (CRC) cases have been declining worldwide there has been an increase in the incidence of the disease among patients under 50 years of age. Mutation of the APC gene is a common early event in CRC but is reported at lowe...

Esophageal squamous cell neoplasms (ESCNs) are the most common second primary neoplasm in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and few studies have focused on metachronous ESCNs. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of and risk...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) feature and drug resistance, which are the main hallmarks of cancer malignancy. Although previous findings have shown that several signaling...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) belong to the therapeutic armamentarium in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to identify indicators of therapy response. T...