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  • Article
  • Open Access
1,802 Views
16 Pages

Abiotic Degradation of the Toxin Simplexin by Soil Collected from a Pimelea-Infested Paddock

  • Zhi Hung Loh,
  • Natasha L. Hungerford,
  • Diane Ouwerkerk,
  • Athol V. Klieve and
  • Mary T. Fletcher

6 March 2025

Pimelea poisoning of cattle is caused by the toxin simplexin present in native Pimelea plant species. Surface weathering and burial of Pimelea plant material under soil in Pimelea-infested pastures previously showed simplexin degradation, suggesting...

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Toxins)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,678 Views
19 Pages

Identification of Acid Hydrolysis Metabolites of the Pimelea Toxin Simplexin for Targeted UPLC-MS/MS Analysis

  • Zhi Hung Loh,
  • Natasha L. Hungerford,
  • Diane Ouwerkerk,
  • Athol V. Klieve and
  • Mary T. Fletcher

5 September 2023

Pimelea poisoning of cattle is a unique Australian toxic condition caused by the daphnane orthoester simplexin present in native Pimelea pasture plants. Rumen microorganisms have been proposed to metabolise simplexin by enzymatic reactions, likely at...

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Toxins)
  • Abstract
  • Open Access
1,856 Views
2 Pages

Adsorbents for the Sequestration of the Pimelea Toxin, Simplexin

  • Russell J. Gordon,
  • Natasha L. Hungerford,
  • Bronwyn Laycock,
  • Diane Ouwerkerk and
  • Mary T. Fletcher

Pimelea poisoning affects cattle grazing arid rangelands of Australia, has no known remedy and significant outbreaks can cost the industry $50 million per annum. Poisoning is attributable to consumption of native Pimelea plants containing the toxin s...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The Third International Tropical Agriculture Conference (TROPAG 2019))
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,140 Views
9 Pages

Simplexins P–S, Eunicellin-Based Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Klyxum simplex

  • Shwu-Li Wu,
  • Jui-Hsin Su,
  • Chiung-Yao Huang,
  • Chi-Jen Tai,
  • Ping-Jyun Sung,
  • Chih-Chung Liaw and
  • Jyh-Horng Sheu

25 May 2012

Four new eunicellin-based diterpenes, simplexins P–S (1–4), and the known compound simplexin A (5), have been isolated from the soft coral Klyxum simplex. The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,230 Views
17 Pages

Poisonous Plants of the Genus Pimelea: A Menace for the Australian Livestock Industry

  • Rashid Saleem,
  • Ali Ahsan Bajwa,
  • Shane Campbell,
  • Mary T. Fletcher,
  • Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian and
  • Steve W. Adkins

2 June 2023

Pimelea is a genus of about 140 plant species, some of which are well-known for causing animal poisoning resulting in significant economic losses to the Australian livestock industry. The main poisonous species/subspecies include Pimelea simplex (sub...

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Toxins)
  • Correction
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,292 Views
2 Pages

Correction: Wu, S.-L., et al. Simplexins P–S, Eunicellin-Based Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Klyxum simplex. Mar. Drugs 2012, 10, 1203–1211

  • Shwu-Li Wu,
  • Jui-Hsin Su,
  • Chiung-Yao Huang,
  • Chi-Jen Tai,
  • Ping-Jyun Sung,
  • Chih-Chung Liaw and
  • Jyh-Horng Sheu

13 December 2013

We found some errors in our previous published paper [1]. The structure of simplexin Q was found to be the same as klysimplexin C, previously published in Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 7016–7022 [2]. Also, simplexin S and a known compound cladieunicellin G,...

  • Abstract
  • Open Access
2,060 Views
2 Pages

Modelling the Controlled Release of Toxins in a Rumen Environment

  • Yue Yuan,
  • Emilie Gauthier,
  • Natasha L. Hungerford,
  • Diane Ouwerkerk,
  • Mary T. Fletcher and
  • Bronwyn Laycock

Pimelea poisoning in grazing cattle, also known as St George or Marree Disease, has been a long-time pestilence for the pastoral industry throughout arid regions of inland Australia. The causative species Pimelea (Thymelaeaceae), native to Queensland...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The Third International Tropical Agriculture Conference (TROPAG 2019))
  • Abstract
  • Open Access
1,727 Views
2 Pages

Biopolymer Composites for Slow Release to Manage Pimelea Poisoning in Cattle

  • Emilie Gauthier,
  • Diane Ouwerkerk,
  • Bronwyn Laycock and
  • Mary Fletcher

Cattle grazing the pastures of inland Australia can be poisoned by ingestion of certain native Pimelea plant species, particularly Pimelea trichostachya and Pimelea simplex. The Pimelea toxin, simplexin, causes often fatal restriction of the pulmonar...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The Third International Tropical Agriculture Conference (TROPAG 2019))
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,144 Views
17 Pages

18 June 2019

In vibration insulation projects, a parameter affecting the dynamic properties of the viscoelastic materials is the previous static load acting on the supports, denominated here as the ‘preload’. Most of the currently-used methodologies o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,143 Views
20 Pages

Pimelea and Its Toxicity: A Survey of Landholder Experiences and Management Practices

  • Rashid Saleem,
  • Shane Campbell,
  • Mary T. Fletcher,
  • Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian and
  • Steve W. Adkins

6 August 2025

Pimelea is one of the highly toxic plants in Australia, particularly affecting cattle. It contains simplexin, a potent toxin that can cause Pimelea poisoning (St. George Disease) in livestock. A survey was conducted to assess the current impact of Pi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Toxin Emergency)