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Social Sciences

Social Sciences is an international, open access journal with rapid peer-review, which publishes works from a wide range of fields, including anthropology, criminology, economics, education, geography, history, law, linguistics, political science, psychology, social policy, social work, sociology and more, and is published monthly online by MDPI.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), RePEc, and other databases.
Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary) / CiteScore - Q2 (General Social Sciences)
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 33.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 4.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2025).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
MDPI’s Journal Cluster of Social Studies: Challenges-Journal of Planetary Health, Disabilities, Genealogy, Laws, Sexes, Social Sciences and Societies.

Impact Factor: 1.7 (2024); 5-Year Impact Factor: 1.9 (2024)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2076-0760

Latest Articles

18 pages, 1908 KB

Open AccessArticle

Religion and Continuity for Children in Care—An Examination of Public Views in 40 Countries

by Zacky Dhaffa Pratama and Marit Skivenes

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010030 - 6 Jan 2026

This comparative study, the first to date, examines how representative samples of citizens across 40 OECD countries (N = 41,232) balance religion and child welfare when deciding whether to move a five-year-old thriving in foster care to match parental religion. Using a vignette [...] Read more.

This comparative study, the first to date, examines how representative samples of citizens across 40 OECD countries (N = 41,232) balance religion and child welfare when deciding whether to move a five-year-old thriving in foster care to match parental religion. Using a vignette experiment and six hypotheses, the analysis links religiosity, perceived religious rights, authoritarian values, institutional context, and confidence in child protection to placement preferences. A large majority (88%) would not move the child, prioritising stability and well-being. The results show a trust “paradox” in which higher confidence in child protection correlates with support for moving the child. Justifications show broad appeal to the best interest principle across opposing choices. Deference to professional assessment varies markedly across countries, indicating divergent authority of social work expertise. Findings underscore the need to operationalise the best interests standard and to account for institutional context, while policymakers should recognise stable placements as the public default. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Work on Community Practice and Child Protection)

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13 pages, 453 KB

Open AccessReview

Displacement and Higher Education: A Review of the Research on Ukraine

by Elena Denisova-Schmidt and Olha Marmilova

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010029 - 6 Jan 2026

This paper provides a systematic review of scholarly and gray literature on the education of displaced Ukrainian students and scholars in the aftermath of the 2022 Russian invasion. Drawing on 119 papers published between 2022 and 2025, the analysis identifies major research themes, [...] Read more.

This paper provides a systematic review of scholarly and gray literature on the education of displaced Ukrainian students and scholars in the aftermath of the 2022 Russian invasion. Drawing on 119 papers published between 2022 and 2025, the analysis identifies major research themes, including the sudden disruption of education, challenges of integration into host countries, psychological well-being, risks of long-term brain drain, and the emerging agency and resilience of displaced learners. This review highlights a clear shift in the literature from documenting immediate humanitarian responses toward examining long-term adaptation, equity, and institutional support mechanisms, accompanied by increasing methodological diversity and rigor. Despite these advances, significant gaps remain: few studies adopt longitudinal or comparative perspectives and underrepresented groups such as internally displaced students, LGBTQ+ learners, students with disabilities, and international students remain largely overlooked. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy development, emphasizing the need for inclusive, sustainable, and evidence-based strategies to support displaced Ukrainian students and scholars in both the short and long term. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Higher Education Access for Displaced Populations)

15 pages, 276 KB

Open AccessArticle

Being Afraid of and for One’s Parents: The Lived Experience of Children Exposed to Parental Burnout

by Anne-Catherine Dubois, Zoe Mallien, Magali Lahaye and Isabelle Aujoulat

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010028 - 6 Jan 2026

Background: Parental burnout is a state of extreme exhaustion that is detrimental to family life. There is some evidence, albeit limited, that children of exhausted parents are at risk of neglect or abuse. The children’s lived experience remains an underinvestigated issue. This [...] Read more.

Background: Parental burnout is a state of extreme exhaustion that is detrimental to family life. There is some evidence, albeit limited, that children of exhausted parents are at risk of neglect or abuse. The children’s lived experience remains an underinvestigated issue. This qualitative and participatory study aimed to explore children’s and adolescents’ perceptions and experience of parental burnout, as well as the resources they identify as available to assist them. Methods: We interviewed 24 children of exhausted parents, including children typically developing (n = 17), children with illness/disability (n = 3), and children with learning/behavioral difficulties (n = 4). We used interactive data collection tools, adapted to the participants’ age. The interviews were followed by a participatory validation seminar. Results: We evidenced a high emotional burden experienced by children exposed to parental burden. The children conveyed feeling insecure about what happens, perceiving a mismatch between their own needs and those of their parents, and being afraid both of and for their parents. Conclusions: Our results call for an increased recognition of parental burnout as not only a personal or family problem, but a possibly important societal and public health concern, with implications for child prevention and health promotion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)

11 pages, 209 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cultural Immersion in Freshman Courses Using Virtual Exchange: Empowering Students Through Local and Global Engagement

by Ruchi Bhatnagar

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010027 - 5 Jan 2026

This mixed-methods research study focuses on the efficacy of virtual exchange (VE) in promoting authentic cross-cultural immersion, critical awareness of social issues, and collective engagement in local and global communities among undergraduate students. The partner institutions in this VE project were a large [...] Read more.

This mixed-methods research study focuses on the efficacy of virtual exchange (VE) in promoting authentic cross-cultural immersion, critical awareness of social issues, and collective engagement in local and global communities among undergraduate students. The partner institutions in this VE project were a large public US university and a small private university in Hong Kong. Discussions focused on access and opportunity issues in the US and Hong Kong for various communities, leading to a deeper analysis of the distribution of power and privilege in both countries. I analyzed the impact of VE on the US students (n = 45) through pre- and post-test surveys using the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS), which measures cross-cultural competence and thematic analysis of student artifacts. VE students’ competence significantly increased from pre-test to post-test on the ISS, while the students in a similar course without VE (n = 28) showed no change. Analysis of student artifacts revealed a shift in global awareness, an appreciation of authentic insights about another the culture, a critical understanding of social structures, and a need for collaboration concerning global issues among youth. Overall, VE offered powerful and enriching experiences for students by integrating international immersion into college education courses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global and Virtual Sociological Teaching—Challenges & Opportunities)

17 pages, 2583 KB

Open AccessArticle

Transportation and Access to Rural Healthcare in Mt Elias, uMshwathi Municipality

by Babra Duri and Blessing Takawira

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010026 - 5 Jan 2026

Access to healthcare is a crucial factor in achieving health equity. In rural South Africa, geographical isolation and inadequate transportation systems continue to hinder access to healthcare services, despite the existence of progressive national health policies. This study examines the impact of transportation [...] Read more.

Access to healthcare is a crucial factor in achieving health equity. In rural South Africa, geographical isolation and inadequate transportation systems continue to hinder access to healthcare services, despite the existence of progressive national health policies. This study examines the impact of transportation on healthcare access in Mt Elias, uMshwathi Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal. Using a qualitative, exploratory design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 community members. The data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti. The findings reveal several structural barriers, including high transportation costs, long distances to clinics, unreliable ambulance services, poorly maintained roads, and unsafe travel conditions. In Mt. Elias, even when mobile clinics are available, their infrequent visits and fixed locations prevent access for individuals who are sick or those with a disability or living in widely scattered homesteads. Access to healthcare in rural communities is fundamentally shaped by transportation. To achieve universal health coverage, it is essential to improve rural road infrastructure, expand mobile clinic services, subsidize transportation costs, and integrate transportation planning into healthcare policies. Addressing these transportation barriers is not only a matter of service delivery but also of equity, justice, and human rights. Full article

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22 pages, 352 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Work Students’ Attitudes and Knowledge of Reparations for African American Descendants of Chattel Slavery

by Cathy G. McElderry, V. Nikki Jones and Laneshia R. Conner

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010025 - 4 Jan 2026

The purpose of this study is to explore social work students’ knowledge, attitudes, and support for reparations for African American descendants of chattel slavery and persistent structural discrimination. A 44-item self-administered online survey instrument was used to gather data. A total of 91 [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study is to explore social work students’ knowledge, attitudes, and support for reparations for African American descendants of chattel slavery and persistent structural discrimination. A 44-item self-administered online survey instrument was used to gather data. A total of 91 social work students across the United States responded to the survey. The findings demonstrated that there is a knowledge deficit about reparations. An overwhelming majority of students reported that they had never taken a college course that included content on reparations. To address this void, nearly 95% of the respondents indicated that they would like to learn more about H.R.40, a legislative bill that seeks to establish a commission to study proposals for reparations in the United States. Reparations align with the mission, values, and competencies of social work; therefore, students’ desire to learn more about this topic should serve as a motivator for U.S. social work educators to include this content in graduate and undergraduate courses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Work and Social Policy: Advances in Theory and Practice)

15 pages, 278 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cognitive Education and Innovative Assessment in Primary School: Aligning Inclusion, Learning Progressions, and Romania’s OECD–PISA Challenges

by Corina Colareza, Mușata-Dacia Bocoș, Dana Rad, Sorin Ivan, Ruxandra-Victoria Paraschiv, Mihaela-Gabriela Neacșu, Zorica Triff, Monica Maier, Mihaela Rus, Carmen-Mihaela Băiceanu, Mona Bădoi-Hammami and Ruxandra Lăcătuș

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010024 - 4 Jan 2026

Assessment practices in Romanian primary education remain largely recall-based, despite curriculum expectations that prioritize reasoning, metacognition, and inclusive learning processes. This conceptual–analytical study examines the structural misalignments between curriculum goals, classroom assessment cultures, and national evaluation systems, highlighting their impact on learning equity [...] Read more.

Assessment practices in Romanian primary education remain largely recall-based, despite curriculum expectations that prioritize reasoning, metacognition, and inclusive learning processes. This conceptual–analytical study examines the structural misalignments between curriculum goals, classroom assessment cultures, and national evaluation systems, highlighting their impact on learning equity and cognitive development. Drawing on international frameworks (OECD, UNESCO), national assessment data, and Romanian pedagogical literature, the analysis identifies three systemic gaps: curriculum–assessment misalignment, assessment–instruction misalignment, and a mismatch between equity-oriented policies and classroom practice. To address these challenges, the article proposes the ECEI Framework, an integrated developmental model that combines principles of cognitive education, metacognitive strategy development, inclusive pedagogy, and formative assessment. The framework introduces four categories of indicators—cognitive, metacognitive, inclusive, and assessment—designed to support teachers in observing and evaluating learning processes more effectively in diverse classrooms. Discipline-based illustrations in mathematics, reading, and science demonstrate how innovative assessment practices can make students’ thinking visible through authentic tasks, learning progressions, and multimodal response pathways. The findings suggest that developmental and inclusive assessment is essential for improving learning outcomes and reducing socio-economic disparities in primary education. Implementing the ECEI Framework requires targeted teacher training, coherent curriculum–assessment alignment, and system-level support to ensure sustainable changes in instructional practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)

18 pages, 328 KB

Open AccessArticle

Traveling Together, Traveling Alone: Experiences of Violence and Danger for Migrating Children and Families in the US–Mexico Borderlands

by Cherra M. Mathis, Melody Huslage and Mary Lehman Held

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010023 - 4 Jan 2026

Decisions to migrate are based on individual and family assessments of risk and opportunity, shaped by economic conditions, risks and experiences of violence, resources, and networks, which interact with personal factors and opportunity. During the journey, migrating people may encounter threats to their [...] Read more.

Decisions to migrate are based on individual and family assessments of risk and opportunity, shaped by economic conditions, risks and experiences of violence, resources, and networks, which interact with personal factors and opportunity. During the journey, migrating people may encounter threats to their safety and wellbeing from both human and natural hazards. This study drew on survey data from 305 Mexican and Central American participants who migrated into the US between 2013 and 2022 alone or with families and children. Respondents provided demographic data and answered questions about stressors that prompted their migration, dangerous experiences encountered on their journey, sources of support, and what they wished they had known. Factors that influenced migration included economic stressors such as loss of job and poverty, witnessing or experiencing interpersonal violence or state violence such as kidnapping or threats to self or family, and environmental factors such as natural disasters. Approximately a third of participants traveled with their children, parents or siblings. Younger migrants and migrating people traveling with children reported significantly higher likelihood of encountering dangers during migration. Implications for supporting migrating children and families who have encountered violence and trauma are discussed, as well as limitations of the research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section International Migration)

23 pages, 325 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions of Gender Nonconformity, Internalized Stigma, and Embodiment in a Sample of Self-Identified Transgender Individuals

by Julie L. Nagoshi, Rosalind Evans, Craig T. Nagoshi, Vijayan K. Pillai and Heather K. Terrell

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010022 - 1 Jan 2026

This study examines how societal heteronormative norms influence interactions involving transgender individuals, offering insights into identity formation and mental health. Understanding how societal heteronormative norms shape interactions involving transgender individuals is crucial to the attainment of public health goals related to addressing societal [...] Read more.

This study examines how societal heteronormative norms influence interactions involving transgender individuals, offering insights into identity formation and mental health. Understanding how societal heteronormative norms shape interactions involving transgender individuals is crucial to the attainment of public health goals related to addressing societal barriers, such as stigma, and promoting mental health. Interviews were conducted at a university in the Southwest United States with 11 self-identified transgender individuals, focusing on three main questions: How do you feel when you interact with someone who does not conform to heteronormative gender roles? When you meet somebody who doesn’t conform to heteronormative gender roles does that cause you to question your own gender identity. Does your body have to match your gender identity? Directed content analysis revealed a divided phenomenon. While some participants experienced discomfort due to societal scrutiny, safety issues concerns, and heightened visibility, others found empowerment and validation in these interactions, affirming their identities and fostering a sense of belonging. Yet another finding pointed to the role of embodiment and lived experiences, highlighting contrasting views on body harmony congruence: some participants prioritized physical alignment for societal acceptance, while others valued internal authenticity over external validation. This underscores the tension between personal agency and societal expectations in shaping gender identity. The study contributes to transidentity-theoretical literature by addressing the diverse outcomes resulting from the copresence of discomfort versus empowerment, internalized stigma, and the interplay of self-perception with societal norms. Clinical implications point to the need for inclusive spaces, supportive interventions, and mental health resources to assist trans individuals in navigating these challenges. Full article

16 pages, 1520 KB

Open AccessArticle

Public Conversation on X During COP30: Engagement, Sentiment and Thematic Dynamics Around #COP30noBrasil

by Rafael Carrasco-Polaino

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010021 - 1 Jan 2026

This study examines how public conversation on X unfolded during the COP30 climate summit, focusing on posts articulated around the official hashtag #COP30noBrasil and analysing a dataset of 1139 posts. Social media research has shown that platforms such as X play a central [...] Read more.

This study examines how public conversation on X unfolded during the COP30 climate summit, focusing on posts articulated around the official hashtag #COP30noBrasil and analysing a dataset of 1139 posts. Social media research has shown that platforms such as X play a central role in shaping climate communication, particularly during major diplomatic events. To explore this dynamic, all posts published between 10 and 21 November 2025 were collected using Tweet Binder and analysed quantitatively. Engagement, follower–following ratio and sentiment were computed, and non-parametric tests were applied given the non-normal distribution of the variables. Word clouds based on frequency and TF–IDF weighting were generated to identify prevalent topics in posts and replies. The results showed that activity was dominated by retweets, with original posts and replies representing smaller portions of the interaction. Engagement did not differ significantly between verified and unverified accounts, although posts with images generated higher interaction than text-only posts. No significant correlations emerged between engagement, sentiment or FF ratio. Replies displayed a less positive tone than original posts, suggesting a shift toward more neutral reactions. The thematic analysis indicated that original posts centred on planning and institutional aspects of COP30, while replies focused more on Amazon-related issues, resource extraction and calls for environmental protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data and Political Communication)

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18 pages, 441 KB

Open AccessArticle

The First Step in Validating the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale on a Sample of Romanian Prison Inmates: Variables Involved in Shaping a Profile of Criminogenic Cognitions

by Cornelia Rada, Andreea-Cătălina Forțu, Robert-Andrei Lunga and Maria-Miana Dina

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010020 - 1 Jan 2026

(1) Background: Criminogenic cognitions can influence criminal behavior and recidivism. The validation of the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (CCS) within the cultural and social context of Romanian offenders, along with an understanding of their profiles, is essential for the development of effective rehabilitation. (2) [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Criminogenic cognitions can influence criminal behavior and recidivism. The validation of the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (CCS) within the cultural and social context of Romanian offenders, along with an understanding of their profiles, is essential for the development of effective rehabilitation. (2) Methods: The CCS was administered to 460 inmates across eight Romanian prisons, with the respondents having a mean age of 39.23 (SD 10.36; range 21–71). Data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and the Kruskal–Wallis test. (3) Results: The Non-Acceptance of Responsibility (FAR) subscale had the highest internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.707), followed by Notions of Entitlement (NOE) (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.683). The Negative Attitudes Toward Authority (NATA) subscale was considered valid with caution (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.529). The highest FAR scores were observed among inmates convicted of sexual offenses, those who were widowed, and those with lower education levels. Higher scores were recorded on all scales for inmates who identified as drug users and those who perceived their punishment as unjust (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The CCS is valid in the Romanian context, and the variability of criminogenic cognitions based on education level, type of offense, and perception of punishment should be considered when implementing rehabilitative measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Crime and Justice)

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16 pages, 269 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Innovation Achieved in a Development Trap: Examples of Local Efforts in Hungary

by Réka Horeczki, Petra Kinga Kézai and Nóra Baranyai

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010019 - 30 Dec 2025

This study explores how social innovation and multi-level governance (MLG) can enhance regional resilience and help overcome the Middle-Income Trap (MIT) through cooperative, community-driven strategies. Focusing on Hungarian self-governments, it examines twinning partnerships—formal relationships between settlements—as potential catalysts of social innovation and regional [...] Read more.

This study explores how social innovation and multi-level governance (MLG) can enhance regional resilience and help overcome the Middle-Income Trap (MIT) through cooperative, community-driven strategies. Focusing on Hungarian self-governments, it examines twinning partnerships—formal relationships between settlements—as potential catalysts of social innovation and regional cohesion. A nationwide questionnaire survey (Number of settlements surveyed: 409; representative by settlement type) conducted between 2024 and 2025 evaluated the motivations, intensity and impacts of these partnerships. The findings reveal that intraethnic twinning networks are more socially active and locally grounded, strengthening community identity and civic participation, even though they provide limited direct economic benefits. By fostering trust, collaboration, and cross-border interaction, these partnerships act as effective platforms for social innovation, supporting more inclusive and territorially integrated development across Central and Eastern Europe. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Innovation: Local Solutions to Global Challenges)

17 pages, 646 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Acceptance of LGBTQ+ Persons in Academia: Empirical Evidence from Germany

by Alexander J. Wulf and Helmut Metzner

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010018 - 29 Dec 2025

LGBTQ+ persons and related issues remain barely visible in German academia, reflecting limited acceptance as well as heteronormative and discriminatory structures. This invisibility negatively affects career trajectories, well-being, and protection from discrimination of LGBTQ+ academics, while also hindering research on LGBTQ+-related social issues, [...] Read more.

LGBTQ+ persons and related issues remain barely visible in German academia, reflecting limited acceptance as well as heteronormative and discriminatory structures. This invisibility negatively affects career trajectories, well-being, and protection from discrimination of LGBTQ+ academics, while also hindering research on LGBTQ+-related social issues, injustices and forms of disadvantage. In addition, LGBTQ+ students lack important role models. To examine this exploratory finding more systematically, this project was carried out in collaboration with the Magnus Hirschfeld Federal Foundation, collecting written responses from 26 German academic institutions to a set of open-ended questions delivered by email on the visibility of LGBTQ+ persons. The responses were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Our findings show that most institutions perceive the visibility of LGBTQ+ academics as low and recognise a need for new networking opportunities. Germany thus provides a valuable example of the dynamics of LGBTQ+ inclusion in continental Europe, where diversity has historically played a less prominent role than in US and UK contexts, and where cross-national comparisons suggest significant variation in levels of inclusivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Embodiment of LGBTQ+ Inclusive Education)

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10 pages, 412 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evolving Representations of Older Adults in Korean Digital Media: A Text-Mining Approach (2020–2024)

by Hye Seung Kang and So Young Lee

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010017 - 29 Dec 2025

This study empirically analyzed changes in the representation of older adults in Korean digital media from 2020 to 2024. As Korea enters a super-aged society, social perceptions of aging and older adults are rapidly evolving through digital platforms. This study aimed to identify [...] Read more.

This study empirically analyzed changes in the representation of older adults in Korean digital media from 2020 to 2024. As Korea enters a super-aged society, social perceptions of aging and older adults are rapidly evolving through digital platforms. This study aimed to identify how public discourse about older adults has shifted in emotional tone and thematic structure within online media environments. Approximately 200,000 text data points were collected from news and YouTube comments containing keywords related to older adults. Text mining techniques—including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and time-series analysis—were applied to examine annual trends and emotional transitions. The findings revealed a clear shift in thematic emphasis from “health,” “care,” and “vulnerability” toward “participation,” “self-management,” and “digital activity.” Negative sentiments decreased (from 58.3% in 2020 to 37.8% in 2024), while positive sentiments increased (from 22.5% to 42.7%). These results indicate that the image of older adults in digital discourse has transformed from that of passive care recipients to active and independent participants in society. The study supports the ongoing policy debate in Korea on redefining the age threshold for “older adults” from 65 to 70 years, emphasizing capability over chronological age. Digital media play a critical role in shaping these changing perceptions, highlighting the need for intergenerational media literacy education and policy interventions that promote inclusive and age-positive communication. Full article

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12 pages, 458 KB

Open AccessArticle

When the Myth Justifies Violence: Acceptance of Sexual Aggression Myths and Ambivalent Sexism Among University Students

by José Jesús González Chía, Gracia González-Gijón, Andrés Soriano Díaz and Nazaret Martínez-Heredia

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010016 - 29 Dec 2025

This study addresses the persistence of gender inequalities among university students by analysing the acceptance of modern myths about sexual assault and ambivalent sexism in the academic context. These beliefs, although subtle or socially accepted, contribute to the normalisation of sexual violence and [...] Read more.

This study addresses the persistence of gender inequalities among university students by analysing the acceptance of modern myths about sexual assault and ambivalent sexism in the academic context. These beliefs, although subtle or socially accepted, contribute to the normalisation of sexual violence and hinder progress towards real equality. The aim of this research was to analyse the presence of these attitudes among students at the University of Granada and to examine their relationship according to gender. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 210 students. Data were collected using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and the Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression Scale (AMMSA-21) and analysed using descriptive statistics, correlations and non-parametric tests. The results show greater acceptance of myths and sexist attitudes among men, as well as a positive correlation between ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent) and acceptance of myths. These findings confirm the persistence of symbolic justifications for sexual violence in the university setting. The study concludes by highlighting the need for preventive educational interventions and institutional strategies that promote equality and consent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Violence in University Settings)

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17 pages, 1163 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Challenges of Dual Education and the Role of Resilience in the Balance Between Learning and Work

by Zsolt Nagy and Kinga Hokstok

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010015 - 28 Dec 2025

The rapid transformation of the 21st-century labour market requires students to be highly psychologically adaptable, especially in dual education systems where academic and work-based learning occur simultaneously. This study examines resilience as a psychological and pedagogical protective factor among students in dual vocational [...] Read more.

The rapid transformation of the 21st-century labour market requires students to be highly psychologically adaptable, especially in dual education systems where academic and work-based learning occur simultaneously. This study examines resilience as a psychological and pedagogical protective factor among students in dual vocational education and dual higher education programmes. Using a quantitative research design with validated scales measuring resilience, motivation, satisfaction, and stress, the research investigates how individual and contextual factors influence students’ adaptability. The results showed that vocational education and training students exhibited greater resilience, greater learning satisfaction, and lower levels of stress than those in higher education. Regression analysis confirmed that resilience positively contributes to academic success, while supportive mentoring and a structured learning environment enhance emotional stability and motivation. The analysis highlights that autonomy and pressure to perform are associated with higher levels of stress in higher education, underscoring the critical role of mentorship and peer support in improving adaptability. These findings emphasise that resilience is not only an individual capacity, but also a pedagogical and organisational construct; its systematic development should be integrated into the dual education framework to support student well-being, learning effectiveness, and long-term professional adaptation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Constructing and (Re)constructing Social Identities in Educational Contexts: Power, Norms, and Resistance)

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18 pages, 703 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Exploring the Role of Conformity in Decision-Making and Emotional Regulation: A Systematic Review

by Somdatta Chakraborty, Rosa Milo, Gennaro Cordasco, Antonio Perna and Anna Esposito

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010014 - 26 Dec 2025

Conformity is defined as the inclination to align one’s thoughts and behaviors with those of a group, driven by the desire for social acceptance and accuracy. While this alignment can enhance group cohesion and facilitate effective communication, it may also lead individuals to [...] Read more.

Conformity is defined as the inclination to align one’s thoughts and behaviors with those of a group, driven by the desire for social acceptance and accuracy. While this alignment can enhance group cohesion and facilitate effective communication, it may also lead individuals to adopt false beliefs or engage in risky choices. This systematic review explores the interconnected dynamics of conformity, emotional regulation, and decision-making, shedding light on their transformative impacts on individual behavior within various contexts. A search was conducted in four databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and PubMed, focusing on research related to social conformity, emotion regulation, and decision-making from 2014 to October 2024. After several screening stages, 38 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected as the subject of the present review. The findings examined in this review explore the interplay between emotions and conformity in shaping social dynamics and decision-making processes. Additionally, the review addresses how contextual factors, social group dynamics, and individual differences affect conformity behaviors. Importantly, the review identifies a critical gap in the literature regarding how emotional regulation strategies might moderate the influence of conformity, particularly in emotionally charged or socially complex situations. Addressing this gap presents a promising avenue for future research, with implications for developing interventions aimed at fostering healthier decision-making and emotional resilience within group environments. Full article

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21 pages, 1501 KB

Open AccessArticle

Court-Managed Policy Change: A Content Analysis of Prison Healthcare Consent Decrees and Settlement Agreements

by Bryant J. Jackson-Green, Jihoon Yuhm and Johnny Vu

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010013 - 26 Dec 2025

While most prison healthcare litigation seeks individual relief, some cases lead to broader structural reform via consent decrees—court-approved “legally binding performance improvement plans” designed to improve conditions. This study systematically analyzes 121 such settlements from 1970 to 2022 to assess their policy goals [...] Read more.

While most prison healthcare litigation seeks individual relief, some cases lead to broader structural reform via consent decrees—court-approved “legally binding performance improvement plans” designed to improve conditions. This study systematically analyzes 121 such settlements from 1970 to 2022 to assess their policy goals and implementation strategies. We identify the substantive areas targeted—general medical care, mental health, dental services, and treatment for specialized conditions like HIV, Hepatitis C, and COVID-19—and trace trends across time and geography. These agreements span 39 states and the federal system, with most states subject to multiple cases. They frequently mandate changes to budgets, staffing, facility infrastructure, training, and patient rights, alongside monitoring for quality improvement. Our findings suggest that consent decrees function not only as judicial remedies but as tools of policy development and institutional reform, shedding light on the role of courts in shaping correctional healthcare delivery. These findings also show how institutional responses to healthcare failures in prisons shape the conditions under which serious harm—and in some cases, preventable death—occur behind bars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carceral Death: Failures, Crises, and Punishments)

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18 pages, 340 KB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Fatigue, Sustainability Behaviour, and Energy Awareness Among Generation Z: The Role of Cognitive Resources and Education

by Dorota Jegorow

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010012 - 26 Dec 2025

This study investigates how digital lifestyles and cognitive fatigue influence sustainable behaviour and energy awareness among Generation Z. Drawing on environmental psychology and social science perspectives, it explores behavioural and cognitive mechanisms linking digital overexposure with pro-environmental engagement. A cross-sectional survey conducted among [...] Read more.

This study investigates how digital lifestyles and cognitive fatigue influence sustainable behaviour and energy awareness among Generation Z. Drawing on environmental psychology and social science perspectives, it explores behavioural and cognitive mechanisms linking digital overexposure with pro-environmental engagement. A cross-sectional survey conducted among 683 Polish secondary-school students examined the relationships between digital activity, fatigue, self-regulation, and sustainability practices such as waste segregation, reuse, and consumption moderation. The results show that higher digital fatigue and problematic online use are negatively associated with sustainability engagement, supporting the view that cognitive overload reduces individuals’ capacity for mindful, sustainability-oriented action. Using k-means clustering and robust regression analyses based on ordinary least squares (OLS), this study identifies distinct sustainability behaviour profiles among Generation Z and examines how digital fatigue and problematic online use predict lower engagement in pro-environmental practices. Importantly, educational level moderated this effect, suggesting that energy and sustainability literacy can buffer the adverse consequences of digital exhaustion. The findings contribute to the growing field of digital sustainability and highlight the need to integrate digital well-being and environmental education into youth and social policy frameworks. Full article

20 pages, 929 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Prior Criminal Record on Pretrial Failure

by Enrique Chavez, Stewart J. D’Alessio and Lisa Stolzenberg

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15010011 - 26 Dec 2025

Urban bail systems rely heavily on cash bonds to secure the pretrial release of criminal defendants awaiting trial, despite longstanding criticism that this practice disproportionately incarcerates indigent defendants solely because they cannot afford to pay. Many large jurisdictions employ bail bond schedules that [...] Read more.

Urban bail systems rely heavily on cash bonds to secure the pretrial release of criminal defendants awaiting trial, despite longstanding criticism that this practice disproportionately incarcerates indigent defendants solely because they cannot afford to pay. Many large jurisdictions employ bail bond schedules that assign monetary amounts based primarily on the seriousness of the offense. Using data on 5322 defendants released on bail in 35 large urban counties, this study examines whether bail amount or a defendant’s prior criminal history better predicts pretrial failure, defined as pretrial rearrest and failure to appear. Results show that prior criminal history is a substantially stronger and more consistent predictor of pretrial failure than bail amount. Bail amount also exhibits no meaningful association with rearrest and only a modest relationship with failure to appear. These findings suggest that community safety may be better served by substantially reducing reliance on cash bail and placing greater emphasis on prior criminal history in pretrial release decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Crime and Justice)

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