Sensor Applications for Military* and Public Use: The Duality into Action

Dear Colleagues,

Our modern era has introduced the vast production of sensors, along with a plethora of relevant applications. It is important to thoroughly understand our needs as a society in order to choose the most appropriate sensors for certain applications. We must live with and use military applications and/or sensors that show great tolerance; however, at the same time, we must not use them for aggressive purposes if this is not permitted. Consequently, durability and flexibility are the most important factors that allow a system to resist various challenges, such as extreme noise environments or interference. Another important factor is the flexibility of systems to alter their behavior (i.e., to work to new frequency channels or to change radiation patterns) using, e.g., DSPs and antenna arrays that can be easily controlled by a smart application. These systems might even employ machine learning and artificial intelligence to reach optimal automatic operation conditions. Furthermore, security issues should be taken into consideration for fortifying sensory systems against hacking attempts, and/or to support security locks so that they cannot be used for military purposes if this is not permitted.

For this Special Issue of Sensors, we hope to present works (research papers and reviews) that focus on the dual public and military application of the same, or at least similar, hardware. Especially, works focusing on green technology combining public and military aspects are welcomed, as are works on any kind of unmanned vehicles based on the aforementioned operating principle. We invite scientists to contribute works that exhibit any examples of dual-aspect application (DUAMILPUS: the dual application of military and public usage). If studies are particularly orientated towards either public or military applications, then security issues must be taken into consideration to ensure that military technology cannot be converted for public use, or vice versa.

(*) Military applications and the term DUAMILPUS must follow the rules described below in order to be presented in the manuscript:

• If the contributors belong to the staff of a military company or a company partially producing military applications/hardware, the following permissions must be fulfilled:

1). An additional document must be signed for (1) all the authors, (2) the head of the research department, and (3) the head of the general section/department declaring the following: All the authors and the supervisors (head of the department/section) declare that the presented ideas and any other military hardware or any military application or any detail under development which are presented inside this paper, do not violate any national laws or any restrictions for publicity being posed by the Organization/Company/etc., that all the contributors are affiliated with. For this reason, the responsibility of the amount of information diffusion is solely the responsibility of all the signers.

2). The document must include the logos of all the companies, and thus have a valid reference number of affiliation for validation purposes.

• If the contributors are independent researchers with no military relation but would still like to publish their ideas, they must also declare the following along with their signatures in a separate document with the logo of their affiliations: All the authors declare that they have not any kind of relation or/and conflict of interest with any military company or military project.
• The aforementioned (for independent researchers) must be included inside the manuscript under the section declaring Conflict of Interest.

Dr. Spyridon K. Chronopoulos
Dr. Konstantinos Peppas
Guest Editors

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