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Theory and Application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IoT

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Internet of Things".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 11569

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qammer Abbasi

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Guest Editor

James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
Interests: nano communication; biomedical applications of millimeter and terahertz communication; wearable and flexible sensors; compact antenna design; RF design and radio propagation; antenna interaction with human body; implants; body centric wireless communication issues; wireless body sensor networks; non-invasive health care solutions; physical layer security for wearable/implant communication and multiple-input–multiple-output systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Abubakar Sharif

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Interests: RFID; IoT; phased array antennas; metasurafces; machine learning

Dr. Akram Alomainy

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Guest Editor

School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
Interests: basics of antennae and electromagnetism, from megastructures and metasurfaces to novel applications in telerobotics, cognitive radio, wearable electronics, nanoscale networks, healthcare, and bioengineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Kamran Arshad

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Guest Editor

College of Engineering and IT, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Interests: cognitive radio; LTE/LTE-Advanced; 5G; cognitive Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications

Prof. Dr. Khaled Assaleh

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Guest Editor

Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and a Professor of Electrical Engineering at Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Interests: speaker recognition; speech recognition; biometrics; signal processing; pattern recognition

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali Imran

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Guest Editor

James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Interests: 5G and Beyond networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radio Frequency Idetification (RFID) is one of emerging technology that engraved innovative features such as identification, localization, self-diagnosis, and sensing both in physical objects as well as in people. The recent combination of RFID with Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted a lot of researcher from academia and industry for realizing exciting multidisciplinary applications. RFID and IoT are heading forward as synergic pair that opened a new paradigm shift and new era of applications such as E-healthcare, smart cities, smart homes, smart retail, connected cars, smart automation, etc. Therefore, RFID is considered as the last meters of Internet of Things (IoT) that combines the sensing, long range IoT technologies and cloud based services to make an IoT ecosystem for Industry 4.0.

This special issue aims to receive high-quality and original research papers both from academia and industrial stackholders including but not limited to following RFID and IoT reaerach areas such as sensors, Integlligent inkjet printed Tags, RFID for Smart Cities, Green technologies for RFID, RFID-based infrastructures for Internet of Things, RFID for Industry 4.0.

Prof. Dr. Qammer Hussain Abbasi
Dr. Abubakar Sharif
Prof. Dr. Akram Alomainy
Prof. Dr. Kamran Arshad
Prof. Dr. Khaled Assaleh
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali Imran
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Radio Frequency Idetification (RFID)
Internet of things (IoT)
Sensor/Tag design
Green technologies for RFID
RFID for Smart cities
E-Healthcare
Retail and supply chain visibility
Integlligent inkjet printed Tags' Smart agriculture
Localization
RFID for Industry 4.0

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 825 KiB

Open AccessArticle

BackProx: Secure Backscatter-Assisted Proximity Detection for Passive Keyless Entry and Start Systems

by Hoorin Park and Jeongkyu Hong

Sensors 2023, 23(4), 2330; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042330 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1474

Abstract

A passive keyless entry and start (PKES) system is an electronic lock for an automobile that provides the great convenience of opening the door when the user is in proximity. However, the system suffers from relay attacks. Recent studies revealed that relayed signals result in valid packets that are sufficient to unlock doors. In particular, the adversary causes proximity errors by injecting a certain time delay before relaying to manipulate the phase rotation in the response signal. To this end, we present a novel relay-resilient proximity detection solution, BackProx, which uses pseudo-random frequency hopping with the assistance of a reference backscattering device. Since the relay adversary transmits the relayed signals from the key fob at long distances, the signals should propagate over longer distances, resulting in inevitable significant phase rotation with different frequencies. Inspired by this finding, BackProx uses an additional backscattering device to ensure the proximity of the key fob using the invariant characteristics of radio frequency signals in the physical layer (i.e., phase rotation). Our evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of BackProx in resisting three types of relay attacks. The results show that it achieved a 98% true positive rate at close range and a 0.3% false positive rate at long range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IoT)

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13 pages, 5849 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A High Gain Embedded Helix and Dielectric Rod Antenna with Low Side Lobe Levels for IoT Applications

by Muhammad Nasir, Yulong Xia, Abu Bakar Sharif, Guangjun Guo, Qi Zhu, Masood Ur Rehman and Qammer Hussain Abbasi

Sensors 2022, 22(20), 7760; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207760 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1765

Abstract

In this paper, a novel embedded helix dielectric rod antenna is presented for high gain radiation with circular polarization (CP) and low side lobe levels for IoT Applications. Different from the conventional dielectric rod antennas, this proposed antenna is an integrated structure that combines the advantages of the helix and dielectric rod antennas. The presented antenna mainly consists of three parts: a tapered helix as primary feeding for CP, a dielectric rod with printed loops embedded for higher directivity, and a dielectric rod end for improving the gain further. After studying and analyzing the working principles of each part, an optimum design operating at 8–9.7 GHz is carried out as an example. A prototype is also fabricated and tested. The measured results show that the prototype can provide 18.41 dB maximum gain within the length of 7.7 λ. The side lobe level is below −20 dB, and the axial ratio is better than 1.14 dB in the whole frequency band. Compared with the traditional helix antenna and dielectric rod antenna with the same electric length, the presented antenna has a higher gain with a lower side lobe level and with good polarization purity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IoT)

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24 pages, 13693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection

by Tale Saeidi, Adam R. H. Alhawari, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Turki Alsuwian, Muhammad Ali Imran and Qammer Abbasi

Sensors 2022, 22(14), 5183; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145183 - 11 Jul 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2628

Abstract

An ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) antenna for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications is designed to check soil moisture and provide good-quality images of metallic targets hidden in the soil. GPR is a promising technology for detecting and identifying buried objects, such as landmines, and investigating soil in terms of moisture content and contamination. A paddle-shaped microstrip antenna is created by cutting a rectangular patch at one of its diametrical edges fed by the coplanar waveguide technique. The antenna is loaded by stubs, shorting pins, and a split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structure to increase the antenna’s gain and enhance the bandwidth (BW) towards both the lower and higher end of the working BW. The antenna’s performance in soil inspection is studied in terms of the operating frequency range, different types of soil, different distances (e.g., 50 cm) between the antenna arrays and soil, S-parameters, and gain. Following this, the antenna’s ability to find a metallic target in the soil is tested, considering different array numbers, multi-targets, and locations. The antenna is designed on a thin layer of economic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate with dimensions 50 × 39 × 0.508 mm³ and works in the frequency range 1.9–9.2 GHz. In addition, two more resonances at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz are also achieved; hence, the antenna works for more than two application bands, such as the ISM- and L-bands. The measurement results validated excellent agreement with the simulated results. Furthermore, the recommended antenna offering a high gain of about 10.8 dBi and maximum efficiency above 97% proved able to discriminate between hidden objects and even recognize their shapes. Moreover, the reconstructed images show that the antenna can detect an object in the soil at any location. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IoT)

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10 pages, 4591 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A 32-Bit Single Quadrant Angle-Controlled Chipless Tag for Radio Frequency Identification Applications

by Muhammad Noman, Usman A. Haider, Hidayat Ullah, Farooq A. Tahir, Hatem Rmili and Ali I. Najam

Sensors 2022, 22(7), 2492; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072492 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2032

Abstract

A 32-bit chipless RFID tag operating in the 4.5–10.9 GHz band is presented in this paper. The tag has a unique multiple-arc-type shape consisting of closely packed 0.2 mm wide arcs of different radii and lengths. The specific tag geometry provides multiple resonances in frequency domain of an RCS plot. A frequency domain coding technique has also been proposed to encode the tag’s RCS signature into a 32-bit digital identification code. The tag has an overall dimension of 17.9 × 17.9 mm², resulting in a high code density of 9.98 bits/cm² and spectral efficiency of 5 bits/GHz. The proposed tag is built on a low loss substrate bearing a very small footprint, thereby making it extremely suitable for large-scale product identification purposes in future chipless RFID tag systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IoT)

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Review

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21 pages, 3638 KiB

Open AccessReview

Multiport Single Element Mimo Antenna Systems: A Review

by Nathirulla Sheriff, Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim, Hassan Tariq Chattha and Tan Kim Geok

Sensors 2023, 23(2), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020747 - 09 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2370

Abstract

In response to the increasing demand for voice, data, and multimedia applications, the next generation of wireless communication systems is projected to provide faster data rates and better service quality to customers. Techniques such as Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) and diversity are being studied and implemented to meet the needs of next-generation wireless communication systems. Embedding multiple antennas into the same antenna system is seen as a promising solution, which can improve both the system’s channel capacity and the communication link’s quality. However, for small handheld and portable devices, embedding many antennas into a single device in a small area and at the same time providing good isolation becomes a challenge. Hence, designing a shared antenna system with multiple feed ports with equivalent or better performance characteristics as compared to the approach of multiple antennas with multiple feed ports is a promising advantage which can reduce the size and cost of manufacturing. This paper intends to provide an in-depth review of different MIMO antenna designs with common radiators covering various antenna design aspects such as isolation techniques, gain, efficiency, envelope correlation coefficient, and size, etc. There is also a discussion of the mathematical concepts of MIMO and different isolation techniques, as well as a comparative analysis of different shared radiator antenna designs. The literature review shows that only very few antennas’ design with common radiator have been suggested in the available literature at present. Therefore, in this review paper, we have endeavored to study different antennas’ designs with common radiator. A comparison is provided of their performance improvement techniques in a holistic way so that it can lead to further develop the common radiator multiport antenna systems and realize the promising advantages they offer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and IoT)

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