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Effect of Nutritional Supplements on Autoimmune Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2026 | Viewed by 2992

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: aging; allergy; clinical immunology; complement system; kidney; nutrition; rheumatology; rare diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutritional deficiencies are associated with a pro-inflammatory status and co-morbidities. Defects in nutritional status are common among patients with chronic disorders, including patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. As occurs in chronic kidney diseases, nutritional status affects patients’ outcome and represents a target of treatments and a need to address. Similarly, aging is associated with nutritional deficiencies that can be related to co-morbidities, drugs, and certainly immune aging.

The interplay between immune cells and nutritional factors plays a relevant role in this context. Unravelling the interactions between immune system and nutritional factors (“nutritional immunology”) is crucial for the early detection of patients at risk of a worse outcome and, thus, to design potential therapeutic interventions.

This Special Issue, “Effect of Nutritional Supplements on Autoimmune Disease”, will focus on advances in our understanding of the intriguing interplay between immune system and nutritional factors in the context of the immune aging and chronic diseases. It thus will discuss the “nutritional immunology” in several categories of patients: subjects with chronic renal dysfunctions (including autoimmune renal diseases), patients affected by defined systemic autoimmune diseases (manly rare conditions), and older adults.

Dr. Paola Triggianese
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • aging
  • autoimmunity
  • complement System
  • connective tissue diseases
  • immune cells
  • micronutrients
  • nutrition
  • kidney
  • rare diseases.

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 973 KB  
Review
Micronutrients in Autoimmune Diseases: Shining a Light on Vitamin D, Cobalamin, Folate, and Iron Metabolism
by Paola Triggianese, Giuseppe A. Ramirez, Francesca Cedola, Stefania Nicola, Giulia Costanzo, Luisa Brussino, Francesca Chiereghin, Davide Firinu, David Della-Morte, Vincenzo Patella and Cinzia Milito
Nutrients 2026, 18(4), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18040561 - 8 Feb 2026
Viewed by 2444
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue damage resulting from abnormal immune responses. While genetic and environmental factors play significant roles in disease development, essential micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) represent a critical and often overlooked contributor. Methods: This [...] Read more.
Background: Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue damage resulting from abnormal immune responses. While genetic and environmental factors play significant roles in disease development, essential micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) represent a critical and often overlooked contributor. Methods: This review examines the interactions between micronutrients and immune cells, focusing on vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate (FA), and iron, and their roles in AIDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroid disorders, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other connective tissue diseases. We explore the immunomodulatory effects of these micronutrients, their impact on immune tolerance, and the mechanisms by which MNDs contribute to disease progression. Results: MNDs are commonly observed in patients with AIDs and are associated with worsening immune dysregulation, increased inflammation, and disease severity. Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses and attenuating inflammation, while iron and FA are essential for immune cell proliferation and function. Vitamin B12 supports methylation processes and genomic stability. Conclusions: MNDs significantly influence the pathogenesis and progression of AIDs. Routine micronutrient screening and targeted supplementation should be considered as part of clinical management, offering potential adjunctive benefits alongside conventional therapies. Further research is needed to define optimal dosing strategies and to identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit from nutrition-based interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Nutritional Supplements on Autoimmune Disease)
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