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Nutrition, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Solution

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 19667

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Dr. Siva Sankara Vara Prasad Sakamuri

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Guest Editor

Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
Interests: metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular diseases; cerebrovascular biology; aging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death worldwide, with 17.9 million deaths annually. Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of CVDs and is responsible for 8% of deaths globally. Nutrition plays a critical role in development and also in the prevention of obesity and CVDs. High-calorie intake and even excessive consumption of certain nutrients such as fats and fructose lead to the development of obesity and cardiac diseases. In contrast, restricted calorie intake and selective intake of nutrients and bioactive compounds protect from these metabolic abnormalities. Considering the significance of healthy nutrition in the prevention of obesity and CVD, an extensive review and updated knowledge about the nutrients that exhibit protection against these pathologies is highly valuable and represents the need of the hour. This comprehensive review work helps as a stepping stone for new studies and for developing new dietary programs and designs.

This Special Issue aims to update knowledge on nutrients and bioactive compounds that exhibit protection against obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, stroke, and heart failure, especially knowledge which is focused on the mechanisms involved. We welcome different types of manuscript submissions, including original research articles and up-to-date reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Dr. Siva Sankara Vara Prasad Sakamuri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Nutrients
Obesity
Cardiovascular Diseases
Bioactive Compounds
Type 2 Diabetes
Heart Failure
Atherosclerosis
Aortic Aneurysm
Stroke
Fatty Liver Disease

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Its Association with Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease and Nutrient Intake in Korean Adult Men: The 2013–2014 KNHANES

by Hye Ran Shin, SuJin Song, Jin Ah Cho and Sun Yung Ly

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051071 - 3 Mar 2022

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 6097

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been linked to one of the highest death rates globally. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) may be an important predictor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, superior to the standard atherosclerotic lipid profile. This study investigated the relationship between AIP and obesity indices, blood glucose, lipid profile, and nutrient intake status in Korean adult men. The study included 1292 males aged ≥19 years old who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2014. Participants were divided into four groups according to AIP quartiles, calculated as log (triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). Body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, TG, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased as AIP levels increased, whereas HDL-C level declined. As the level of AIP increased, intake of saturated fatty acid, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin, milk, and dairy product decreased significantly, and the contribution rate of milk and dairy products to fat intake decreased. AIP was linked to obesity indices, blood glucose, and blood lipid profile in Korean men, suggesting that it could predict CAD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Solution)

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14 pages, 528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Food Patterns of Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure and Their Relationship with Demographic, Economic and Clinical Factors in Sergipe, Brazil

by Jamille Oliveira Costa, Juliana Santos Barbosa, Luciana Vieira Sousa Alves, Rebeca Rocha de Almeida, Victor Batista Oliveira, Larissa Monteiro Costa Pereira, Larissa Marina Santana Mendonça de Oliveira, Raysa Manuelle Santos Rocha, Diva Aliete dos Santos Vieira, Kiriaque Barra Ferreira Barbosa, Ingrid Maria Novais Barros de Carvalho Costa, Felipe J. Aidar, Márcia Ferreira Cândido de Souza, Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira, Leonardo Baumworcel, Eduardo Borba Neves, Alfonso López Díaz-de-Durana, Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos and Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa

Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050987 - 25 Feb 2022

Viewed by 3001

Abstract

Background: The high rates of hospitalization and mortality caused by Heart Failure (HF) have attracted the attention of health sectors around the world. Dietary patterns that involve food combinations and preparations with synergistic or antagonistic effects of different dietary components can influence the worsening and negative outcomes of this disease. Objectives: To describe the dietary patterns of patients hospitalized for HF decompensation and associate them with demographic, economic, and clinical factors, and the type of care provided in Sergipe. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study that is part of the Congestive Heart Failure Registry (VICTIM-CHF)” of Aracaju/SE. Prospective data collection took place with all patients hospitalized between April 2018 and February 2021 in cardiology referral hospitals, 2 public and 1 private. The data collected were sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric and food consumption variables. Daily dietary intake was estimated by applying a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The extraction of dietary patterns, by exploratory factor analysis, was performed after grouping the foods according to the nutritional value and form of preparation into 34 groups. To assess the association between the factorial scores for adherence to the standards and the variables studied, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. Linear regressions were also performed, considering the dietary pattern (one for each pattern) as a dependent variable. Results: The study included 240 patients hospitalized for HF decompensation, most of them elderly (mean age 61.12 ± 1.06 years), male (52.08%) and attended by the Unified Health System—SUS (67.5%). Three dietary patterns were identified, labeled “traditional” (typical foods of the Brazilian northeastern population added to ultra-processed foods), “Mediterranean” (foods recommended by the Mediterranean diet) and “dual” (healthy foods combined with fast and easy-to-prepare foods like snacks, bread, sweets and desserts). Adherence to the “traditional” pattern was greater among men (p < 0.031) and non-diabetics (p < 0.003). The “Mediterranean” was more consumed by the elderly (p < 0.001), with partners (p = 0.001) and a lower income (p < 0.001), assisted by the SUS (p < 0.001) and without hypertension (p = 0,04). The “dual” diet pattern had greater adherence by the elderly (p < 0.001), self-declared non-black (p = 0.012), with higher income (p < 0.001), assisted in the private sector (p < 0.001) and with less impaired functional capacity (p = 0.037). It was also observed that being female (p = 0.031) and being older reduced the average scores of performing the “traditional” pattern (p = 0.002). Regarding the type of service, being from the public service reduced the average scores for adhering to the “dual” pattern (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Three dietary patterns representative of the population were found, called traditional, Mediterranean and dual, which were associated with demographic, economic and clinical factors. Thus, these standards must be considered in the development of nutritional strategies and recommendations in order to increase adherence to diets that are more protective against cardiovascular diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Solution)

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10 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with All-Cause Mortality in Subjects with Heart Failure

by Chih-Yun Chang, Chia-Lin Lee, Wei-Ju Liu and Jun-Sing Wang

Nutrients 2022, 14(4), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040842 - 17 Feb 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3325

Abstract

We investigated the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure. We analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 1999 to 2010, with their vital status confirmed through to the end of 2011. The alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED) was used to assess study participants’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to information on dietary questionnaires. We conducted weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (aMED ≥ median vs. <median) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in participants with a history of heart failure. A total of 832 participants were analyzed, and the median aMED was 3. After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 319 participants had died. aMED ≥ 3 (vs. <3) was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 0.797, 95% CI 0.599–1.059, p = 0.116) and cardiovascular (adjusted HR 0.911, 95% CI 0.539–1.538, p = 0.724) mortality. The findings were consistent across several subgroup populations. Among the components of aMED, a lower intake of red/processed meat was associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted HR 1.406, 95% CI 1.011–1.955, p = 0.043). We concluded that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in participants with a history of heart failure. The higher risk of mortality associated with a lower intake of red/processed meat deserves further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Solution)

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7 pages, 1214 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Overweight Women

by María-José Castro, José-María Jiménez, María López, María-José Cao, Manuel Durán, Irene Albertos, Sara García and Jaime Ruiz-Tovar

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3658; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103658 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2567

Abstract

The assessment of anthropometric variables has been shown to be useful as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese patients. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the relationship between breast volume and body mass index as an indicator of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women with overweight and mild obesity. A prospective observational study of 93 premenopausal women was performed. Evaluation of anthropometric measures included age, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, breast projection, and ptosis. Cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, the triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio and the waist-hip ratio. Ninety-three women were included, with a mean 36.4 ± 7.5 years. Mean BMI was 27.3 ± 1.9 kg/m², waist-to-Hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07, and mammary volume was 1045 ± 657.4 cm³. Mean body fat mass was 30.6 + 3.6% and mean visceral fat was 6.6 + 3.2%. The mean triglycerides to HDL ratio was 1.7 ± 0.8 and waist-to-hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07. Breast volume related to body mass index can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women who are overweight and mildly obese. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Solution)

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14 pages, 1008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Carbohydrate and Fat Intake with Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Can Be Modified by Physical Activity and Physical Environment in Ecuadorian Adults: The ENSANUT-ECU Study

by Christian F. Juna, Yoonhee Cho, Dongwoo Ham and Hyojee Joung

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061834 - 27 May 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3511

Abstract

The associations of lifestyle and environment with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease have recently resulted in increased attention in research. This study aimed to examine interactive associations among carbohydrate and fat intake, physical environment (i.e., elevation and humidity), lifestyle, and MetS among Ecuadorian adults. We used data from the Ecuador National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT-ECU), with a total of 6023 participants aged 20 to 60 years included in this study. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of status of carbohydrate and fat intake, low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (LCHF) and medium-carbohydrate and fat (MCF) diet with MetS, where the high-carbohydrate low-fat (HCLF) diet was used as a reference. Women with LCHF and MCF diets showed lower prevalence of increased blood pressure (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.19–0.59; OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.79, respectively). Women with MCF diet also showed lower prevalence of elevated fasting glucose (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37–0.91). Moreover, there were negative associations between MetS and reduced HDL cholesterol in women with MCF diet residing in low relative humidity (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45–0.98) and in women with LCHF diet residing at a high elevation (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.86). Additionally, higher prevalence of increased waist circumference was observed in men with both MFC and LCHF diets who were physically inactive (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12–3.20; OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.19–4.60, respectively) and residing in high relative humidity (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.08–2.89; OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.32–5.28, respectively). Our findings suggest that LCHF intake is associated with lower blood pressure, while MCF intake is associated with lower blood pressure and fasting glucose in Ecuadorian women. Furthermore, the associations of carbohydrate and fat intake with prevalence of MetS can be modified by physical activity, relative humidity, and elevation. The obtained outcomes may provide useful information for health programs focusing on dietary intake and lifestyle according to physical environment of the population to promote health and prevent metabolic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenesis and Solution)

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