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The Essential Nutrients for Human Health: The Role of Nitrate...
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The Essential Nutrients for Human Health: The Role of Nitrate and Nitrite in Nitric Oxide Homeostasis

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2025 | Viewed by 65

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Barbora Piknova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Interests: nitrate reductive pathway; mammalian nitrate reservoirs; nitric oxide; mammalian nitrate reductase; ageing; diabetes; degenerative eye diseases; cardiovascular disease; exercise; neuromuscular diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Homeostasis is a network of self-regulating processes that adjust internal conditions within tightly regulated physiological tolerance limits and allow for the survival of the organism in the wide range of the external environment. In mammals, maintaining nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis is crucial to sustain stable blood pressure. It is impossible to conserve the homeostasis of most other vital functions, such as T, blood sugar, CO2, pH, and other parameters, without a well-functioning blood flow.

This Special Issue aims to further explore the NO pathway, NO precursors and storage molecules, their turnover and accumulation in the body, and their connection to the L-Arg pathway. We also invite authors to express their views on NO as the principal “keeper” of mammalian homeostasis. We also welcome ideas on the role and interaction of endothelin with NO metabolism, since NO/endothelin govern blood flow in mammals.

Dr. Barbora Piknova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nitrite
  • nitrate
  • nitric oxide
  • endothelin
  • homeostasis
  • blood flow
  • diet

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 1319 KiB  
Review
Nitrate as Warden of Nitric Oxide Homeostasis in Mammals
by Barbora Piknova, Ji Won Park and Alan N. Schechter
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1544; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091544 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025
Abstract
Homeostasis is the self-regulating processes in cells and organisms designed to maintain stability of the internal environment while adjusting to external changes. To achieve this dynamic stability, internal conditions oscillate within tightly regulated physiological tolerance limits. In mammals, maintaining nitric oxide (NO) availability [...] Read more.
Homeostasis is the self-regulating processes in cells and organisms designed to maintain stability of the internal environment while adjusting to external changes. To achieve this dynamic stability, internal conditions oscillate within tightly regulated physiological tolerance limits. In mammals, maintaining nitric oxide (NO) availability appears crucial to sustain relatively constant blood flow into all organs and tissues. We hypothesize that NO homeostasis is one of the most important vital processes for warm-blooded animals. It is impossible to conserve the stability of most other vital substances, such as O2, CO2, blood sugar, pH, and temperature, to name just few, without well-functioning tissue perfusion. NO in mammals is generated either from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) or by the reduction of nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−) and NO by several proteins. Here we first discuss the organization of these two NO metabolic pathways, emphasizing that both pathways “cross” and “funnel” unused NO into the overall nitrate-nitrite–NO pathway. This pathway is cyclic, which gives nitrate a unique place in metabolism and predisposes it as a reservoir for NO. Then, we discuss the role of NO homeostasis that, by maintaining organ and tissue perfusion, supports and preserves constancy of other blood-delivered substances. This “governing” role of NO makes even clearer that the existence of NO storage and precursor molecules is necessary, to avoid NO shortages in cases of the precursor’s or storage molecule’s temporary unavailability, to ensure uninterrupted tissue access to NO. We propose that the skeletomuscular system and skin act as nitrate reservoirs assuring NO bioavailability at various external and internal conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Essential Nutrients for Human Health: The Role of Nitrate and Nitrite in Nitric Oxide Homeostasis)
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