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The Impact of Dietary Choline Modulation on Health
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The Impact of Dietary Choline Modulation on Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2024) | Viewed by 15471

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Nicholas M. Morton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
2. Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
Interests: dietary choline; metabolic health; neutraceuticals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Maintaining optimal levels of the essential dietary nutrient choline is key for the maintenance of cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic health. Current thinking is that most adults fail to achieve sufficient dietary choline and that this may contribute to impaired health in the general population. However, the beneficial effects of choline supplementation, beyond that in diagnosed choline deficiency or increased physiological need (e.g., pregnancy), remain controversial. A growing understanding of the role of endogenous choline production—through, for example, phospholipid metabolism—has added the potential for tissue-level choline modulation, independently of systemic and dietary sources of choline. This Special Issue aims to provide a better understanding of the interplay between dietary choline modulation and the endogenous pathways that regulate tissue-level choline metabolism and its cellular effects. It will explore whether modulation of tissue-specific endogenous pathways of choline metabolism may be an additional therapeutic avenue for improved metabolic health beyond simple dietary supplementation.

Prof. Dr. Nicholas M. Morton
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • choline
  • diet
  • endogenous choline metabolism
  • metabolic health
  • nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • high blood pressure
  • neurological disease
  • choline deficiency
  • supplementation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1033 KiB  
Article
The Causal Relationship Between Choline Metabolites and Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis: Identifying ABCG8 as Colocalized Gene
by Yuntong Gao, Kun Mao, Congying Yang, Xisu Wang, Shixuan Liu, Zimeng Ma, Qi Zhai, Liang Shi, Qian Wu and Tianxiao Zhang
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3588; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213588 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Background: Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a type of cholecystitis with high mortality rate while its pathogenesis remains complex. Choline is one of the essential nutrients and is related to several diseases. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between choline metabolites [...] Read more.
Background: Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a type of cholecystitis with high mortality rate while its pathogenesis remains complex. Choline is one of the essential nutrients and is related to several diseases. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between choline metabolites and AAC and its potential mechanisms. Methods: This research utilized the two-sample Mendelian randomization method to investigate the causal relationship between choline metabolites and AAC. Additionally, multivariable Mendelian randomization and mediated Mendelian randomization were used to explore potential confounding effects from low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TGs), and coronary artery disease (CAD). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), co-localization analysis, and enrichment analysis were used to investigate relevant molecular mechanisms. Results: There is a negative causal relationship between total choline (OR [95%CI] = 0.9982 [0.9974, 0.9990], p = 0.0023), phosphatidylcholine (OR [95%CI] = 0.9983 [0.9976–0.9991], p = 0.0040), sphingomyelin (OR [95%CI] = 0.9980 [0.9971–0.9988], p = 0.0001), and AAC. The mediating effects of LDL were −0.0006 for total choline, −0.0006 for phosphatidylcholine, and −0.0008 for sphingomyelin, indicating a protective effect of total choline, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin on AAC. Colocalized SNP rs75331444, which is mapped to gene ABCG8, was identified for total choline (PPH4 = 0.8778) and sphingomyelin (PPH4 = 0.9344). Conclusions: There is a causal relationship between choline metabolites and cholecystitis, mediated through the protective action of LDL. Our results suggest that ABCG8 may play a role in the development of non-calculous cholecystitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Dietary Choline Modulation on Health)
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14 pages, 915 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Choline and Resistance Training on Strength and Lean Mass in Older Adults
by Chang Woock Lee, Teak V. Lee, Elfego Galvan, Vincent C. W. Chen, Steve Bui, Stephen F. Crouse, James D. Fluckey, Stephen B. Smith and Steven E. Riechman
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3874; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183874 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 8192
Abstract
Choline plays many important roles, including the synthesis of acetylcholine, and may affect muscle responses to exercise. We previously observed correlations between low choline intake and reduced gains in strength and lean mass following a 12-week resistance exercise training (RET) program for older [...] Read more.
Choline plays many important roles, including the synthesis of acetylcholine, and may affect muscle responses to exercise. We previously observed correlations between low choline intake and reduced gains in strength and lean mass following a 12-week resistance exercise training (RET) program for older adults. To further explore these findings, we conducted a randomized controlled trial. Three groups of 50-to-69-year-old healthy adults underwent a 12-week RET program (3x/week, 3 sets, 8–12 reps, 70% of maximum strength (1RM)) and submitted >48 diet logs (>4x/week for 12 weeks). Participants’ diets were supplemented with 0.7 mg/kg lean/d (low, n = 13), 2.8 mg/kg lean/d (med, n = 11), or 7.5 mg/kg lean/d (high, n = 13) of choline from egg yolk and protein powder. The ANCOVA tests showed that low choline intake, compared with med or high choline intakes, resulted in significantly diminished gains in composite strength (leg press + chest press 1RM; low, 19.4 ± 8.2%; med, 46.8 ± 8.9%; high, 47.4 ± 8.1%; p = 0.034) and thigh-muscle quality (leg press 1RM/thigh lean mass; low, 12.3 ± 9.6%; med/high, 46.4 ± 7.0%; p = 0.010) after controlling for lean mass, protein, betaine, and vitamin B12. These data suggest that low choline intake may negatively affect strength gains with RET in older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Dietary Choline Modulation on Health)
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26 pages, 446 KiB  
Article
Changes in Choline Metabolites and Ceramides in Response to a DASH-Style Diet in Older Adults
by Brianna N. Tate, Gary P. Van Guilder, Marwa Aly, Lisa A. Spence, M. Elena Diaz-Rubio, Henry H. Le, Elizabeth L. Johnson, Joseph W. McFadden and Cydne A. Perry
Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3687; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173687 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3175
Abstract
This feeding trial evaluated the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on changes in plasma choline, choline metabolites, and ceramides in obese older adults; 28 adults consumed 3oz (n = 15) or 6oz (n = 13) of beef within a [...] Read more.
This feeding trial evaluated the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on changes in plasma choline, choline metabolites, and ceramides in obese older adults; 28 adults consumed 3oz (n = 15) or 6oz (n = 13) of beef within a standardized DASH diet for 12 weeks. Plasma choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphotidylcholine (LPC), sphingomyelin, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), L-carnitine, ceramide, and triglycerides were measured in fasted blood samples. Plasma LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species were also quantified. In response to the study diet, with beef intake groups combined, plasma choline decreased by 9.6% (p = 0.012); DMG decreased by 10% (p = 0.042); PC decreased by 51% (p < 0.001); total LPC increased by 281% (p < 0.001); TMAO increased by 26.5% (p < 0.001); total ceramide decreased by 22.1% (p < 0.001); and triglycerides decreased by 18% (p = 0.021). All 20 LPC species measured increased (p < 0.01) with LPC 16:0 having the greatest response. Sphingomyelin 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 increased (all p < 0.001) by 10.4%, 22.5%, and 24%, respectively. In contrast, we observed that sphingomyelin 24:0 significantly decreased by 10%. Ceramide 22:0 and 24:0 decreased by 27.6% and 10.9% (p < 0.001), respectively, and ceramide 24:1 increased by 36.8% (p = 0.013). Changes in choline and choline metabolites were in association with anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes. These findings show the impact of the DASH diet on choline metabolism in older adults and demonstrate the influence of diet to modify circulating LPC, sphingomyelin, and ceramide species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Dietary Choline Modulation on Health)
13 pages, 1638 KiB  
Article
Oral Administration of Egg- and Soy-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine Mitigated Acetylcholine Depletion in the Brain of Scopolamine-Treated Rats
by Ryohei Tanaka-Kanegae, Hiroyuki Kimura and Koichiro Hamada
Nutrients 2023, 15(16), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163618 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2191
Abstract
Enzyme-modified lecithin that contains lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is generally recognized as safe. However, its potential as a functional ingredient has been less investigated than other choline (Ch)-containing compounds, such as glycerophosphocholine (GPC). Reports on the possibility of LPC functioning as a cholinergic precursor in [...] Read more.
Enzyme-modified lecithin that contains lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is generally recognized as safe. However, its potential as a functional ingredient has been less investigated than other choline (Ch)-containing compounds, such as glycerophosphocholine (GPC). Reports on the possibility of LPC functioning as a cholinergic precursor in vivo and on its kinetics are limited to docosahexaenoic acid-bound LPC. Herein, three experiments were performed to investigate these processes in scopolamine (SCO)-treated rats. First, an egg-derived LPC reagent was orally administered to rats, and brain acetylcholine (ACh), Ch, plasma Ch, and LPC were measured. Second, soy- and rapeseed-derived enzyme-modified lecithins and GPC were administered for comparison. Third, soy-derived enzyme-modified lecithins with different fat contents were administered for comparison. The LPC reagent mitigated SCO-induced ACh depletion at 500 mg/kg body weight and increased plasma Ch, but not LPC, concentrations. Additionally, soy-derived LPC-containing food additive counteracted brain ACh depletion similarly to GPC. Interestingly, plasma Ch and linoleoyl-LPC levels were higher when soy-derived LPC with a higher fat content was administered, whereas the plasma levels of palmitoyl-LPC decreased and those of total LPC remained constant. In conclusion, egg- and soy-derived LPC species function as cholinergic precursors in vivo, and future studies should explore this potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Dietary Choline Modulation on Health)
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