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Lipids and Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases
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Lipids and Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2026 | Viewed by 2878

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Aline Marcadenti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-001, RS, Brazil
Interests: nutritional assessment; nutrition; cardiology and endocrinology; obesity; hypertension; type 2 diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia; cardiovascular disease of atherosclerotic origin
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Disorders in lipid and fatty acid metabolism are among the primary risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis and the genesis of cardiovascular diseases. These molecules may undergo changes due to genetic alterations as well as secondary causes. In this context, the intake of specific nutrients and the selection of dietary patterns play a crucial role in both the progression and treatment of lipid and lipoprotein disorders. Furthermore, diet can interact with genomic elements in the modulation of these biomarkers.

In this Special Issue, we encourage the submission of articles that evaluate the role of dietary patterns and nutrients in the modulation of fatty acids, lipids, and lipoproteins within the context of primordial, primary, and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease related to atherosclerosis. Additionally, articles describing interactions between diet and molecular elements concerning different phenotypes of hyperlipoproteinemia are welcome. We will consider original articles (pilot studies, experimental studies, and observational studies), as well as narrative, scoping, and systematic reviews (with or without meta-analyses) and clinical study protocols. Studies conducted on animal and cellular models, as well as those utilizing Mendelian randomization methods, will also be taken into account.

Prof. Dr. Aline Marcadenti
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • dietary patterns
  • nutrients
  • fatty acids
  • lipids
  • lipoproteins
  • dyslipidemias
  • atherosclerosis
  • genomics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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19 pages, 2301 KB  
Article
Lactase Persistence-Associated rs4988235 Polymorphism: A Novel Genetic Link to Cardiovascular Risk via Modulation of ApoB100 and ApoAI
by Nihad Kharrat Helu, Habib Al Ashkar, Nora Kovacs, Roza Adany and Peter Piko
Nutrients 2025, 17(17), 2741; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172741 - 24 Aug 2025
Viewed by 905
Abstract
Background/Objectives: As part of the human adaptation to dairy consumption, the presence of the rs4988235-T variant in the MCM6 gene primarily determines lactase persistence in adult European populations, increasing the expression of the lactase-encoding LCT gene. Carriers of the C/C variant are [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: As part of the human adaptation to dairy consumption, the presence of the rs4988235-T variant in the MCM6 gene primarily determines lactase persistence in adult European populations, increasing the expression of the lactase-encoding LCT gene. Carriers of the C/C variant are lactose intolerant, while carriers of the T/T or T/C variant have persistent lactase enzyme activity and are able to digest lactose in adulthood. While the association between lactose intolerance and increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) is well-known, the underlying causes have only been partly explored. The present study aimed to investigate the association of rs4988235 polymorphism with significant lipids affecting cardiovascular health and estimated CVR. Methods: The rs4988235 polymorphism was genotyped in 397 subjects from the general Hungarian population and 368 individuals from the Roma population. To characterize the overall lipid profile, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), and apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) levels were measured, and their ratios (TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and ApoB100/ApoAI) were calculated. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), Revised Pooled Cohort Equations (RPCE), and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluations (SCORE and SCORE2) algorithms. Adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were performed, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The Roma population had a significantly higher prevalence of the C/C genotype than the general population (65.5% vs. 40.3%, respectively). The results of the adjusted linear regression analysis showed a significant association between the C/C genotype and higher LDL-C level (B = 0.126, p = 0.047) and ApoB100 level (B = 0.046, p = 0.013), as well as a higher LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (B = 0.174, p = 0.021) and a higher ApoB100/ApoAI ratio (B = 0.045, p = 0.002), as well as a lower HDL-C level (B = −0.041, p = 0.049). The C/C genotype was also significantly associated with an increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) as estimated by the SCORE (B = 0.235, p = 0.034), SCORE2 (B = 0.414, p = 0.009), PCE (B = 0.536, p = 0.008), and RPCE (B = 0.289, p = 0.045) but not the FRS. After adjusting the statistical model further for ApoAI and ApoB100 levels, the significant correlation with the risk estimation algorithms disappeared (SCORE: p = 0.099; SCORE2: p = 0.283; PCE: p = 0.255; and RPCE: p = 0.370). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the C/C genotype of rs4988235 is associated with significantly higher ApoB100 and lower ApoAI levels and consequently higher ApoB100/ApoAI ratios, potentially contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The results of the statistical analyses suggest that the association between lactose intolerant genotype and cardiovascular risk may be mediated indirectly via modification of the apolipoprotein profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids and Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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23 pages, 858 KB  
Article
An Adapted Cardioprotective Diet with or Without Phytosterol and/or Krill Oil Supplementation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Results of a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
by Erlon Oliveira de Abreu-Silva, Rachel Helena Vieira Machado, Bianca Rodrigues dos Santos, Flávia Cristina Soares Kojima, Renato Hideo Nakagawa Santos, Karina do Lago Negrelli, Letícia Barbante Rodrigues, Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros e Silva, Andressa Gusmão de Lima, João Gabriel Sanchez, Fernanda Jafet El Khouri, Ângela Cristine Bersch-Ferreira, Adriana Bastos Carvalho, Thaís Martins de Oliveira, Maria Cristina Izar, Geni Rodrigues Sampaio, Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno, Marcelo Macedo Rogero, Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz da Silva Torres, Flávia De Conti Cartolano, Julia Pinheiro Krey, Patrícia Vieira de Luca, Cristiane Kovacs Amaral, Elisa Maia dos Santos, Rodrigo Morel Vieira de Melo, Eduardo Gomes Lima, André de Luca dos Santos, Thiago Gomes Heck, Ana Paula Perillo Ferreira Carvalho, Silvia Bueno Garofallo, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti and Aline Marcadentiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Nutrients 2025, 17(12), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17122008 - 15 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an increasingly common inherited disorder that increases cardiovascular risk. Despite the importance of lifestyle interventions, adherence to a healthy diet among individuals with FH remains suboptimal. This pilot, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an increasingly common inherited disorder that increases cardiovascular risk. Despite the importance of lifestyle interventions, adherence to a healthy diet among individuals with FH remains suboptimal. This pilot, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a culturally adapted cardioprotective diet (DICA-FH), alone or in combination with phytosterol and/or krill oil supplementation, on lipid parameters in Brazilian adults with probable or definitive FH. Methods: Between May and August 2023, 58 participants were enrolled across nine Brazilian centers and randomized (1:1:1:1) into four groups: DICA-FH + phytosterol placebo + krill oil placebo; DICA-FH + phytosterol 2 g/day + krill oil placebo; DICA-FH + phytosterol placebo + krill oil 2 g/day; and DICA-FH + phytosterol 2 g/day + krill oil 2 g/day. Interventions lasted 120 days. The primary outcomes were mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels, as well as adherence to treatment at follow-up. Secondary outcomes included mean levels of other lipids, frequency of adverse events, and assessment of protocol implementation components. All data were presented separately for the allocation groups: phytosterol vs. placebo and krill oil vs. placebo. Results: Mean age was 54.5 ± 13.7 years, and 58.6% were women. Both adherence to protocol (91.8% attendance; 79.1% investigational product intake) and retention (86.2%) were high. No significant differences between groups were found for LDL-c or Lp(a). However, regardless of allocation to active supplementation or placebo, a significant reduction in Lp(a) concentrations was observed following the DICA-FH intervention (median difference: −3.8 mg/dL [interquartile range: −7.5 to −1.2]; p < 0.01). Significant reductions in oxidized LDL (LDL-ox) and LDL-ox/LDL-c ratio were also observed in the overall sample (p < 0.01). Although not statistically significant, all groups showed improvements in diet quality after 120 days. No serious adverse events related to the interventions were reported. Additionally, most protocol implementation components were successfully achieved. Conclusions: The DICA-FH strategy, with or without supplementation, was safe and well-tolerated. Although not powered to detect clinical efficacy (which is acceptable in exploratory pilot trials), the study supports the feasibility of a larger trial and highlights the potential of dietary interventions in the management of HF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids and Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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