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Nutrients
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Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Disorders
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Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Disorders

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2025) | Viewed by 3892

Editor

Dr. Jose V. Sorlí

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: metabolic syndrome; obesity; Mediterranean diet; dyslipidemia; diabetes; nutrigenetics; gene–diet interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern, accompanied by a healthy lifestyle, that has developed in the countries of the Mediterranean basin. This type of diet is currently being widely studied in the field of nutrition and medicine, and its effects on health are being assessed.

In recent years, great advances have been made in our understanding of the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, but further scientific evidence is still required in the field of nutrition in order to be able to make recommendations to the general population about certain metabolic disorders. Having incorporated data from various omics, we must still determine which subjects respond best to specific recommendations. Precision nutrition plays a crucial role here, as it is essential for treating or preventing metabolic disorders or related risk factors and contributes to our detailed understanding of how food and nutrition affect states of health and disease and how each individual may respond to a diet depending on their individual characteristics.

Therefore, the Special Issue “Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Disorders” will focus on providing scientific evidence from various fields on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on health at the metabolic level.

Dr. Jose V. Sorlí
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mediterranean diet
  • metabolic disorders
  • metabolic risk factors
  • health effects
  • nutritional recommendations

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

31 pages, 2101 KB  
Article
Linking Personality Traits to Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Exploring Gene–Diet Interactions in Neuroticism
by José V. Sorlí, Carolina Ortega-Azorín, Oscar Coltell, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Eva M. Asensio, Olga Portolés, Alejandro Perez-Fidalgo, Judith B. Ramirez-Sabio, Javier Guillem-Saiz, José A. Costa, Ignacio M. Gimenez-Alba, Rocío Barragán, Jose M. Ordovas and Dolores Corella
Nutrients 2025, 17(23), 3791; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17233791 - 3 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1764
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is adherence to a healthy Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), but adherence varies widely. Precision nutrition is increasingly interested in individual characteristics influencing diet adherence, but few studies have examined personality traits. Our main aim was to investigate the association between [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: There is adherence to a healthy Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), but adherence varies widely. Precision nutrition is increasingly interested in individual characteristics influencing diet adherence, but few studies have examined personality traits. Our main aim was to investigate the association between personality traits and MedDiet adherence. Our secondary aims were to explore genome-wide genetic variants associated with neuroticism, including replication of previous findings, as well as to explore gene–MedDiet interactions. Methods: We analyzed participants (aged 55–75) in the PREDIMED-Plus-Valencia study and measured clinical, lifestyle, and genetic factors. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) was used to measure neuroticism, psychoticism, and extraversion. Genotyping was undertaken, and associations with candidate SNPs, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genetic risk scores (GRS), and gene–MedDiet interactions were explored. Results: Neuroticism was inversely (beta = −0.09; p = 0.001) associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS-17). Likewise, the probability of low MedDiet adherence increased neuroticism (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02–1.60; p = 0.031 per SD). In the GWAS for this trait, several SNPs surpassed the suggestive level of statistical significance. The most strongly associated was rs10181407-NDUFA10 (NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10) (beta = −2.39; p = 2.70 × 10−6). The GRS for neuroticism was significantly associated with MedDiet adherence (beta = −0.18; p = 0.020), increasing the causality level. We replicated some candidate SNPs, and among them, the rs2243873-EHMT2 (euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2) gene. The analysis of gene–MedDiet interactions revealed the role of these dietary modulations. Conclusions: Neuroticism was the personality trait most inversely associated with MedDiet adherence, suggesting its integration in precision nutrition analysis. Moreover, neuroticism-related genetics and MedDiet modulations will also be important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Disorders)
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13 pages, 1570 KB  
Article
Predictors of Vitamin D Status in Religious and Intermittent Fasting: A Comparative Study in Orthodox Nuns and Women from the General Population
by Spyridon N. Karras, Konstantinos Michalakis, Maria Kypraiou, Antonios Vlastos, Marios Anemoulis, Georgios Koukoulis, Zadalla Mouslech, Filotas Talidis, Costas Haitoglou, Georgios Michos, Evangelos G. Papanikolaou, Dimitrios Skoutas, Neoklis Georgopoulos and Georgios Tzimagiorgis
Nutrients 2025, 17(10), 1656; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17101656 - 13 May 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D plays a key role in bone metabolism and immune regulation. Populations with restricted sun exposure or limited dietary intake are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Orthodox Christian nuns represent a unique group in this regard, due to traditional clothing, [...] Read more.
Background: Vitamin D plays a key role in bone metabolism and immune regulation. Populations with restricted sun exposure or limited dietary intake are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Orthodox Christian nuns represent a unique group in this regard, due to traditional clothing, limited outdoor activity, and prolonged religious fasting. However, few studies have compared them with lay individuals following similar dietary practices. Objective: This study aimed to investigate predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in two female populations: Orthodox Christian nuns and women from the general population practicing intermittent (religious or non-religious) fasting. We also aimed to develop predictive models of vitamin D status for each group based on lifestyle and biochemical parameters. Methods: A total of 85 women (40 Orthodox nuns and 45 laywomen), aged 30–50 years, were enrolled. Serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium levels, and anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), total body fat, and visceral fat, were measured. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as sun exposure, were assessed using validated questionnaires. Separate stepwise multiple regression models were constructed for each group to identify independent predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations. An additional combined model, including all participants, was also explored. Results: PTH was the most significant predictor, negatively correlating with 25(OH)D concentrations in both groups (p = 0.038), highlighting its regulatory role in vitamin D metabolism. When analyzed separately, the model for Orthodox nuns showed stronger explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.718; p = 0.013) compared with the control group (adjusted R2 = 0.362; p = 0.038), with PTH emerging as a key predictor in both. Conclusions: Distinct predictors of vitamin D status were identified in each group, reflecting the complex interplay between lifestyle and physiological factors. These findings suggest that targeted interventions, such as addressing PTH regulation in fasting populations or enhancing sun exposure in the general population, may be more effective in preventing vitamin D deficiency depending on the context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Disorders)
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