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Nutrients
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Dietary Recommendations for Clinical Patients After Diagnosis
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Dietary Recommendations for Clinical Patients After Diagnosis

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition Methodology & Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2026 | Viewed by 238

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carlo Pedrolli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dietology Unit, S. Chiara General Hospital, APSS, Trento, Italy
Interests: diet; comprehensive nutrition; acute obesity; obesity before and after surgery; nutritional disorders; malnutrition; renal insufficiency; food allergies; irritable bowel syndrome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues，

Clinical nutrition is a very complex discipline, but from this complexity emerges a very simple summary, i.e., recommendations of what to eat in a specific clinical context. This new Special Issue of Nutrients called "Dietary Recommendations for Clinical Patients After Diagnosis" aims to answer a very simple question: "After making a specific diagnosis, what can I recommend to my patient to eat?”. Often, answering this type of question requires complex knowledge, and this Special Issue of Nutrients would like to help confront this complexity.

We welcome both original articles and reviews related to clinical nutrition, malnutrition, renal failure, food allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, artificial nutrition (parenteral nutrition, integration of commercial and natural foods), cardiovascular and other diseases, all other types of nutrition, and dietary recommendations for patients.

Dr. Carlo Pedrolli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food
  • diet
  • clinical nutrition
  • malnutrition
  • comprehensive nutrition

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 1721 KB  
Article
Effect of Calcium Hydroxy-Methyl-Butyrate-Enriched Diabetes-Specific Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Patients with Heterogeneous Diabetes Mellitus Population with Disease Related Malnutrition Assessed with AI-Assisted Ultrasound Imaging
by Juan J. López-Gómez, Jaime González-Gutiérrez, Paloma Pérez-López, Olatz Izaola-Jauregui, Ángela Cebriá, Lucía Estévez-Asensio, David Primo-Martín, Mario Alfredo Saavedra-Vasquez, Beatriz Ramos-Bachiller, Daniel Rico-Bargues, Eduardo Jorge Godoy and Daniel Antonio De Luis-Román
Nutrients 2025, 17(20), 3208; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17203208 - 13 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia is common in patients with diabetes mellitus. The use of branched-chain amino acids may influence muscle mass. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a diabetes-specific formula enriched with calcium hydroxy-methyl-butyrate (CaHMB) on muscle mass in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Sarcopenia is common in patients with diabetes mellitus. The use of branched-chain amino acids may influence muscle mass. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a diabetes-specific formula enriched with calcium hydroxy-methyl-butyrate (CaHMB) on muscle mass in patients with diabetes and high risk of malnutrition. Methods: A prospective observational study in 95 patients divided into two cohorts of patients with diabetes, treated with a tailored diet, dietary counseling, and diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) administered between meals: one enriched with CaHMB (CaHMB Diabetes ONS) 44 (46.32%) patients; and another without CaHMB (Diabetes-Specific ONS) 51 (53.68%) patients. Anthropometric parameters, bioimpedance, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasound of the rectus femoris muscle (PIIXMEDTM), and handgrip strength were assessed. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and after 3 months. Results: The mean age was 71.05 (10.67) years; 56.8% were male. After three months, both groups increased their nutritional intake with no differences in dietary protein content between groups. The CaHMB group showed a greater increase in muscle mass as measured by ultrasound, both in muscle area (CaHMB ONS: +5.84 (−3.3 ± 21.58)% vs. Diabetes-Specific ONS: −9.34% (−25.78 ± 12.02)%; p < 0.01) and muscle thickness (CaHMB ONS: +9.17 (−4.40 ± 21.05)% vs. Diabetes-Specific ONS −6.30 (−18.57 ± 12.56)%; p < 0.01). The CaHMB ONS group showed a higher likelihood of increased muscle mass compared to the Diabetes-Specific ONS, with an odds ratio (OR) of 9.31 (95%CI: 2.16–40.13) for thickness and 3.96 (95%CI: 1.11–14.13) for area, adjusted for gender, age, serum albumin, and baseline glycated hemoglobin. Conclusions: Supplementation with Ca-HMB in patients with diabetes and high risk of malnutrition showed significant improvements in muscle mass as assessed by AI-assisted ultrasound. Both groups increased nutritional intake, but only the CaHMB group showed specific benefits in muscle parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Recommendations for Clinical Patients After Diagnosis)
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