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Active Substances of Mushroom and Their Efficacy on Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 August 2023) | Viewed by 10435

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Di Wang

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Guest Editor

1. Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
2. School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Interests: fungi; natural compounds; pharmacological efficacy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The goal of this Special Issue is to identify compounds purified from mushrooms, explore their pharmacological properties in multiple diseases, especially neurodegenerative disease, and clarify their mechanisms of action and targets. Submitted manuscripts should fit the scope of the topic and adhere to the following requirements:

The active compounds in question must be purified from mushrooms and subjected to explicit structural analysis. These compounds include (but are not limited to) polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and various monomers.
The purified and structurally appraised mushroom compounds must demonstrate their pharmacological effects on risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, including (but not limited to) aging, traumatic brain injury, redox imbalance, and insomnia. Data obtained from in vitro experiments must be confirmed in animal models, or preferably in clinical trials.
The study must clarify the mechanisms of action of the active compounds and clearly delineate their targets, such as cells and cytokines associated with anti-neurodegeneration related disorders.

Prof. Dr. Di Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

mushroom
natural products
structure analysis
neurodegenerative disease
mechanism

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hericium coralloides Ameliorates Alzheimer’s Disease Pathologies and Cognitive Disorders by Activating Nrf2 Signaling and Regulating Gut Microbiota

by Yue Guan, Dongyu Shi, Shimiao Wang, Yueying Sun, Wanyu Song, Shuyan Liu and Chunyue Wang

Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3799; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173799 - 30 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1566

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is prone to onset and progression under oxidative stress conditions. Hericium coralloides (HC) is an edible medicinal fungus that contains various nutrients and possesses antioxidant properties. In the present study, the nutritional composition and neuroprotective effects of HC on APP/PS1 mice were examined. Behavioral experiments showed that HC improved cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice. Immunohistochemical and Western blotting results showed that HC reduced the levels of p-tau and amyloid-β deposition in the brain. By altering the composition of the gut microbiota, HC promoted the growth of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and suppressed the growth of Helicobacter. Metabolomic results showed that HC decreased D-glutamic acid and oxidized glutathione levels. In addition, HC reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species, enhanced the secretion of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, inhibited the production of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, and activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Collectively, HC demonstrated antioxidant activity by activating Nrf2 signaling and regulating gut microbiota, further exerting neuroprotective effects. This study confirms that HC has the potential to be a clinically effective AD therapeutic agent and offers a theoretical justification for both the development and use of this fungus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Substances of Mushroom and Their Efficacy on Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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17 pages, 3013 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Characterization of a Pleurotus sajor-caju Polysaccharide and Its Neuroprotection Related to the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress

by Mengdi Liu, Yingdi Dai, Chengming Song, Jia Wang, Yang Liu and Qi Wang

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4047; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194047 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1760

Abstract

A novel polysaccharide PSP2-1 was isolated and purified from Pleurotus sajor-caju. The structural characterization data displayed that the molecular weight of PSP2-1 was 44.9 kDa, and PSP2-1 consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, and mannose. The methylation results showed that the glycosidic bonds of PSP2-1 included T-Fuc, 1,6-Gal, T-Glc, 1,6-Glc, 1,3,6-Glc, 1,3-Man, 1,2,6-Man, and T-Man. Neuroprotective studies indicated that PSP2-1 significantly improved the cell viability of the H₂O₂-induced oxidatively damaged neuronal cell HT22, reduced the release of LDH, inhibited apoptosis and release of cytochrome c, and alleviated the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS accumulation. Furthermore, PSP2-1 decreased the phosphorylation levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the ratio of bcl-2/bax. Additionally, PSP2-1 could inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPK family members including JNK, p38, and Erk. Finally, animal experiments showed that PSP2-1 could improve the oxidative stress injury and the learning and memory ability of mice with aging induced by D-galactose. Our results confirmed that PSP2-1 significantly ameliorated the oxidative stress injury, inhibited the apoptosis in H₂O₂-induced neuronal cells via MAPK pathway, and also improved cognition in mice with aging induced by D-galactose. Our research gives the foundation for the functional food application of P. sajor-caju polysaccharides in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Substances of Mushroom and Their Efficacy on Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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Review

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27 pages, 1932 KiB

Open AccessReview

Multiple Metabolites Derived from Mushrooms and Their Beneficial Effect on Alzheimer’s Diseases

by Zijian Tong, Guodong Chu, Chenmeng Wan, Qiaoyu Wang, Jialing Yang, Zhaoli Meng, Linna Du, Jing Yang and Hongxia Ma

Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2758; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122758 - 15 Jun 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3210

Abstract

Mushrooms with edible and medicinal potential have received widespread attention because of their diverse biological functions, nutritional value, and delicious taste, which are closely related to their rich active components. To date, many bioactive substances have been identified and purified from mushrooms, including proteins, carbohydrates, phenols, and vitamins. More importantly, molecules derived from mushrooms show great potential to alleviate the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which seriously affects the health of elderly people. Compared with current therapeutic strategies aimed at symptomatic improvement, it is particularly important to identify natural products from resource-rich mushrooms that can modify the progression of AD. This review summarizes recent investigations of multiple constituents (carbohydrates, peptides, phenols, etc.) isolated from mushrooms to combat AD. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanisms of mushroom metabolites against AD are discussed. The various mechanisms involved in the antiAD activities of mushroom metabolites include antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects, apoptosis inhibition, and stimulation of neurite outgrowth, etc. This information will facilitate the application of mushroom-derived products in the treatment of AD. However, isolation of new metabolites from multiple types of mushrooms and further in vivo exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying their antiAD effect are still required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Substances of Mushroom and Their Efficacy on Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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17 pages, 1193 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mushroom Polysaccharides as Potential Candidates for Alleviating Neurodegenerative Diseases

by Xue Jiang, Siqi Li, Xiangru Feng, Lanzhou Li, Jie Hao, Di Wang and Qingshuang Wang

Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4833; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224833 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3169

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a widespread and serious global public health burden, particularly among the older population. At present, effective therapies do not exist, despite the increasing understanding of the different mechanisms of NDs. In recent years, some drugs, such as galantamine, entacapone, riluzole, and edaravone, have been proposed for the treatment of different NDs; however, they mainly concentrate on symptom management and confer undesirable side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel drugs with fewer disadvantages and higher efficacy for the treatment of NDs. Mushroom polysaccharides are macromolecular complexes with multi-targeting bioactivities, low toxicity, and high safety. Some have been demonstrated to exhibit neuroprotective effects via their antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-neuroinflammatory, anticholinesterase, anti-apoptotic, and anti-neurotoxicity activities, which have potential in the treatment of NDs. This review focuses on the different processes involved in ND development and progression, highlighting the neuroprotective activities and potential role of mushroom polysaccharides and summarizing the limitations and future perspectives of mushroom polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of NDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Substances of Mushroom and Their Efficacy on Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases)

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