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Selenium and Iodine in Human Health and Disease

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Dr. Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł

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Guest Editor

Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
Interests: thyroid; iodine; selenium; vegetarian diet

Prof. Dr. Hajo Haase

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Guest Editor

Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
Interests: bioavailability, speciation and detection of trace metals; molecular mechanisms of the toxicity of metal ions; zinc as a second messenger

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Iodine and selenium trace elements are crucial for maintaining proper thyroid function. However, their biological impact on the human body is much broader. Therefore, an inadequate supply can result in more than just disorder of the thyroid gland.

The scope of this Special Issue includes research on the importance of selenium and iodine for specific systems/organs, both in physiological state and in the course of disease. We would encourage publication of research related to nutritional aspects as well as supplementation.

This Special Issue of Nutrients, titled “Selenium and Iodine in Human Health and Disease”, welcomes original research and reviews of the literature concerning this important topic.

Dr. Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł
Prof. Dr. Hajo Haase
Guest Editors

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Research

16 pages, 386 KB

Open AccessArticle

Iodine Deficiency and Excess in Brazilian Pregnant Women: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study (EMDI-Brazil)

by Aline Carare Candido, Francilene Maria Azevedo, Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro, Anderson Marliere Navarro, Mariana de Souza Macedo, Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes, Sandra Patricia Crispim, Carolina Abreu de Carvalho, Nathalia Pizato, Danielle Góes da Silva, Franciane Rocha de Faria, Jorge Gustavo Velásquez Meléndez, Barbosa Míriam Carmo Rodrigues, Naiara Sperandio, Renata Junqueira Pereira, Silvia Eloiza Priore and Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini

Nutrients 2025, 17(17), 2753; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172753 - 26 Aug 2025

Viewed by 870

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Iodine is an important nutrient for the human body, used in the production of thyroid hormones. During pregnancy, a deficiency can cause miscarriage and hypothyroidism, while an excess can cause thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the iodine nutritional status of pregnant Brazilian women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted with pregnant women over 18 years of age, users of the Unified Health System (SUS). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic information. Iodine status was assessed by urinary iodine concentration (UIC). The iodine content of salt and homemade and industrial seasonings was determined by the titrimetric method. Dietary intake was estimated through a 24-hour dietary recall. The chi-square test and hierarchical multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among Brazilian pregnant women, the median UIC was 186.7 µg/L (P25: 118.05 µg/L-P75: 280.93 µg/L). Regarding iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of deficiency was 36.7% (n = 694), above the requirement was 28.7% (n = 543), and excess iodine intake was 3.6% (n = 68). We observed that non-white pregnant women were more likely (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.27–2.64) to have iodine deficiency, and those who did not work were less likely (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52–0.98). Pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy were less likely to have iodine intake above the requirements (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31–0.88). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of pregnant women had iodine deficiency or intake above the required level. Iodine deficiency is more chance among non-white pregnant women and less chance among those not employed during pregnancy. On the other hand, pregnant women who were in their third trimester of pregnancy were less likely to have iodine intake above the required level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selenium and Iodine in Human Health and Disease)

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12 pages, 416 KB

Open AccessArticle

Iodine and Selenium Status in Relation to Thyroid and Immune Functions—The Analysis of Their Dependencies in a Group of Women of Reproductive Age from the Southern Region of Poland

by Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł, Ewelina Prochownik, Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek, Paweł Paśko, Krzysztof Kleszcz, Renata Francik, Halina Potok, Magdalena Nieckula, Urszula Cisoń-Apanasewicz, Paulina Jabłońska, Dorota Ogonowska, Grażyna Kuzera, Mirosław Krośniak, Sanja Klobučar and Paweł Zagrodzki

Nutrients 2025, 17(12), 1952; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17121952 - 7 Jun 2025

Viewed by 993

Abstract

Objectives: Iodine and selenium are key elements for thyroid. There is also evidence of their immunoregulatory potential. However, the current state of knowledge of potential interactions among iodine—selenium—thyroid—immune system is not sufficient. The aim of the study was to evaluate iodine and selenium statuses and examine the relationship between them and the functioning of the thyroid and immune system in a group of women of reproductive age, without previously diagnosed disease. Methods: The study involved a group of 60 women aged 19–40 from southern Poland. The concentrations of iodine and selenium were determined in serum samples using the ICP-MS and AAS methods, respectively. Thyroid function was assessed by determining serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) by electrochemiluminescence methods. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in serum were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Immune functions were evaluated by analyzing cytokine levels using ELISA tests, including interferon-γ, interleukin-4, interleukin-17, and transforming growth factor-β. Results: No significant correlations between selenium and thyroid or immunological parameters were observed. The level of iodine in serum positively correlated with free thyroxine, indicating its importance for maintaining normal thyroid function, as well as with FRAP in serum, suggesting a protective role of iodine-mediated antioxidant activity on thyroid function. Conclusions: Our results underline the complexity of the system of correlations between iodine–selenium–thyroid–immune function. Nevertheless, understanding them may turn out to be crucial for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies in the context of thyroid diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selenium and Iodine in Human Health and Disease)

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