Nanomaterials

Super-liquid-repellent materials hold significant promise for minimizing food residue, suppressing interfacial fouling, and enhancing the cleanability of food-contact surfaces. However, prevailing evaluation paradigms—centered on static contact angle, roll-off angle, and dry abrasion—fail to forecast long-term service performance in complex food-processing environments. Unlike idealized probes, real food matrices comprise proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, surfactants, and microbiota, driving interfacial behavior that is time-dependent, multicomponent-coupled, and dynamically evolving. Consequently, traditional static metrics are inadequate across temporal, chemical, and mechanical dimensions. Furthermore, while “fluorine-free,” “edible,” or “bio-based” labels offer design cues, they cannot substitute for rigorous, lifecycle-resolved assessments encompassing fabrication, aging, migration, and end-of-life impacts. This review delineates the fundamental mismatch between current evaluation frameworks and operational food environments, exposing latent safety and sustainability risks obscured by superficial green claims. We subsequently discuss a dynamic evaluation framework featuring multidimensional metrics and a tiered screening workflow, shifting the paradigm from endpoint-focused assessment to a process-based evidentiary chain. Finally, we outline future trajectories, emphasizing the transition from passive repellency to active fouling modulation and the co-design of performance, safety, and sustainability. This work provides a conceptual blueprint for updating evaluation standards and accelerating the industrial translation of food-contact super-liquid-repellent materials.

Fabricating nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with hierarchical pores is an effective strategy to engineer high-performance adsorbents. Herein, hierarchically porous NH₂-MIL-53(Al) nanorods were synthesized through a straightforward one-pot solvothermal approach, featuring inherently interconnected micro-/mesoporous with an average pore width of 19.51 nm and abundant amino-functionalized active sites. Toward the anionic Direct Scarlet dye, the material delivers a Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 694.99 mg·g⁻¹, with its adsorption kinetics and isotherms well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. Combined spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and diffusion analyses suggest monolayer electrostatic chemisorption between protonated –NH₃⁺ and dye sulfonate groups. The material exhibits favorable reusability, retaining over 85% of its original dye removal efficiency after five adsorption–desorption cycles, and PXRD and SEM results verify well-preserved morphology and crystalline lattice. This work clarifies the intrinsic correlation between structure and adsorption performance of NH₂-MIL-53(Al), offering a facile nanoscale pore-tuning strategy for the design and fabrication of high-performance MOF adsorbents.

In this study, we present the development of selective-area porous GaN (SPG) microarrays integrated with embedded quantum dots (QDs) for next-generation display applications. We report a dielectric hard mask-based architecture that withstands high etching voltages without suffering structural damage, overcoming the limitations of conventional polymer masks. This process provides precise control over both vertical and lateral pore propagation, achieving an effective pixel size of 15 μm and realizing an ultrahigh-resolution (>1270 ppi) display structure. Furthermore, optical performance measurements confirmed that the obtained array exhibited an excellent color gamut, reaching 119.2% of the NTSC and 95.6% of the Rec. 2020 standards. Therefore, the present dielectric hard mask-based patterning technology provides an effective solution for achieving both process stability and high-resolution pixel structures, enabling the fabrication of high-performance micro-LED displays with full-color capabilities.