Announcements

1. “Glutamate Efflux across the Blood–Brain Barrier: New Perspectives on the Relationship between Depression and the Glutamatergic System”
by Benjamin Fredrick Gruenbaum, Alexander Zlotnik, Amit Frenkel, Ilya Fleidervish and Matthew Boyko
Metabolites 2022, 12(5), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050459
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/5/459

2. “Lipidomics in Understanding Pathophysiology and Pharmacologic Effects in Inflammatory Diseases: Considerations for Drug Development”
by Kabir Ahluwalia, Brandon Ebright, Kingsley Chow, Priyal Dave, Andrew Mead, Roy Poblete, Stan G. Louie and Isaac Asante
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040333
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/333

3. “Infection Biomarkers Based on Metabolomics”
by Rúben Araújo, Luís F. N. Bento, Tiago A. H. Fonseca, Cristiana P. Von Rekowski, Bernardo Ribeiro da Cunha and Cecília R. C. Calado
Metabolites 2022, 12(2), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020092
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/2/92

4. “The Glycobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension”
by Shia Vang, Phillip Cochran, Julio Sebastian Domingo, Stefanie Krick and Jarrod Wesley Barnes
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040316
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/316

5. “Human In Vivo Metabolism and Elimination Behavior of Micro-Dosed Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator RAD140 for Doping Control Purposes”
by Felicitas Wagener, Luisa Euler, Christian Görgens, Sven Guddat and Mario Thevis
Metabolites 2022, 12(7), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070666
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/666

6. “HBM4EU Chromates Study: Urinary Metabolomics Study of Workers Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium”
by Lucyna Kozłowska, Tiina Santonen, Radu Corneliu Duca, Lode Godderis, Karolina Jagiello, Beata Janasik, An Van Nieuwenhuyse, Katrien Poels, Tomasz Puzyn, Paul T. J. Scheepers et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040362
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/362

7. “Dolutegravir Discontinuation for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in People Living with HIV and Their Outcomes after Treatment Change: A Pharmacogenetic Study”
by Jessica Cusato, Alberto Borghetti, Elisabetta Teti, Maurizio Milesi, Maria Cristina Tettoni, Stefano Bonora, Mattia Trunfio, Antonio D’Avolio, Mirko Compagno, Simona Di Giambenedetto et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121202
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/12/1202 

8. “An Improved Method to Quantify Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Biological Samples Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry”
by Kyeong-Seog Kim, Yujin Lee, Woori Chae and Joo-Youn Cho
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060525
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/6/525

1. “Nutraceutical Properties of Medicago sativa L., Agave spp., Zea mays L. and Avena sativa L.: A Review of Metabolites and Mechanisms”
by Tannia A. Quiñones-Muñoz, Socorro J. Villanueva-Rodríguez and Juan G. Torruco-Uco
Metabolites 2022, 12(9), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090806
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/9/806

2. “The Importance of Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture—A Review”
by Marcel Antoszewski, Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska and Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111100
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/11/1100

3. “Multi-Omics-Based Discovery of Plant Signaling Molecules”
by Fei Luo, Zongjun Yu, Qian Zhou and Ancheng Huang
Metabolites 2022, 12(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010076
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/1/76

4. “Advances in Metabolomics-Driven Diagnostic Breeding and Crop Improvement”
by Ali Razzaq, David S. Wishart, Shabir Hussain Wani, Muhammad Khalid Hameed, Muhammad Mubin and Fozia Saleem
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060511
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/6/511

5. “Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds from Four Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria by SPME–GC–MS: A Metabolomics Study”
by Msizi I. Mhlongo, Lizelle A. Piater and Ian A. Dubery
Metabolites 2022, 12(8), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080763
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/763

6. “Metabolite Profiling and Classification of Highbush Blueberry Leaves under Different Shade Treatments”
by Yaqiong Wu, Hao Yang, Zhengjin Huang, Chunhong Zhang, Lianfei Lyu, Weilin Li and Wenlong Wu
Metabolites 2022, 12(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010079
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/1/79 

7. “LC-MS/MS Characterization of Phenolic Metabolites and Their Antioxidant Activities from Australian Native Plants”
by Akhtar Ali, Jeremy J. Cottrell and Frank R. Dunshea
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111016
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/11/1016

8. “Computational Metabolomics Tools Reveal Metabolic Reconfigurations Underlying the Effects of Biostimulant Seaweed Extracts on Maize Plants under Drought Stress Conditions”
by Morena M. Tinte, Keabetswe Masike, Paul A. Steenkamp, Johan Huyser, Justin J. J. van der Hooft and Fidele Tugizimana
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060487
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/6/487

The article entitled “Oreo Cookie Treatment Lowers LDL Cholesterol More Than High-Intensity Statin therapy in a Lean Mass Hyper-Responder on a Ketogenic Diet: A Curious Crossover Experiment”, authored by Dr. Nicholas G. Norwitz and Dr. William C. Cromwell, was published in Metabolites (ISSN: 2218-1989) and has been discussed in various media outlets. Dr. Nicholas G. Norwitz has written the following science appetizer based on his latest research:

“You have high cholesterol”. These are four words many doctors are familiar with administering and of which many patients know the sting. But what happens when a patient’s cholesterol levels are not just high, but “into space” HIGH—so high, in fact, that many doctors, upon seeing such numbers, probably think either (i) this must be a lab error or (ii) this patient should probably go coffin shopping. I am joking, of course, but with a purpose: to highlight the stomach-turning fear that accompanies levels of LDL, “bad”, cholesterol (LDL-C) that arise in some patients we now call “Lean Mass Hyper-Responders” (LMHRs).

What are LMHRs? What causes this phenotype? Can it be reversed? If so, how?

What if I told you the answer to the last two questions were “Yes!” and…“Oreo cookies.” And no, this is not a joke.

But let us back up and return to the first two questions:

What are LMHRs?

LMHRs are people who, upon adopting a ketogenic diet which is low in carbohydrates and high in fat, see their LDL-C skyrocket, along with high HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and low triglyceride levels. This triad defines LMHRs. Simply put, LMHRs are individuals who exhibit high LDL-C, high HDL-C and low triglycerides on a low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diet.

Although there is no “leanness” criterion, they are typically lean, active and metabolically healthy.

In fact, in a recent meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials, researchers found that, as a group, only those studies of low-carbohydrate diets in lean individuals (BMI <25 kg/m2) exhibited LDL-C increases, whereas there were no such increases in individuals with overweight or obesity, and in patients with class II obesity, LDL-C actually dropped. There was also an inverse association between LDL-C and BMI in low-carbohydrate diets, and the effect of being lean as a “risk factor” for high LDL-C dominated over the effects of saturated fat intake.

Now, what causes the phenotype?

The Lipid Energy Model can explain the LMHR phenotype. Briefly, in lean insulin-sensitive people on low-carbohydrate diets, there is a large shift from carb burning to fat burning as liver glycogen stores drop. Free fatty acids are repackaged into triglyceride and exported from the liver abord VLDL particles. In peripheral muscle and fat tissue, these VLDL particles are “turned over” rapidly by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), depleting the VLDL spheres of their triglyceride core. In so doing, the VLDL shrinks into LDL, which has a longer residence time, and the rim of the VLDL is shed and picked up by HDL particles. This results in the high LDL-C, high HDL-C and low triglyceride triad that defines LMHRs.

Based on this understanding, a hypothesis arises: one should be able to reverse the LMHR phenotype, and lower LDL-C, by re-adding carbs to the diet of an LMHR who is otherwise eating a very low-carb diet.

Based on prior studies and prior clinical observations, the first author of the present study (me: Nicholas G. Norwitz, a Ph.D. scientist, MD student and LMHR himself) attempted to test that hypothesis in a bold fashion and by choosing a “provocative” carb: Oreo cookies.

In a recent small (n = 1) crossover trial, I ate 12 Oreo cookies per day for 16 days and then, after a washout period of 3 months, was treated with 20 mg rosuvastatin for 6 weeks as a comparator.

The Oreo cookie supplementation lowered my LDL-C from 384 mg/dl to 111 mg/dl, a stunning 71% drop in 16 days. By comparison, the most high-dose statin therapy lowered my LDL-C over 6 weeks by 32.5%.

Thus, in an LMHR with astronomically high LDL-C, “bad cholesterol,” Oreo cookie supplementation was two times as effective at lowering LDL-C compared with high-dose statin therapy.

SHOCKING! However, this is consistent with prior data and the prediction of the Lipid Energy Model.

So, the next question is, why would I conduct such an odd experiment? The answer is simple: to raise awareness. This experiment was a form of “legit bait,” as it were, a dramatic metabolic demonstration meant to turn heads and get communities asking questions about LMHRs and the Lipid Energy Model.

While I may be biased, I do think the study of LMHRs and the Lipid Energy Model has a tremendous amount to teach us about human metabolism and physiology. Understanding these phenomena could lead to breakthroughs in science and medicine. But to make those advances, we need engagement, collaboration and resources. The first step to acquiring those is awareness.

Now you know. Are you curious to learn more?

If you are, here are some places to start:

• Full (8 min) video abstract: https://youtu.be/L1mMnnyJrgk?si=rDAlXIr6sfy4dJ3r;
• Break-down of our recent meta-analysis of RCTs: https://youtu.be/FcUUqGJBXFM?si=WmdSqzoF1ZcKxk5U;
• Explanation of the Lipid Energy Model: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkzxESsTJyM.

Also, follow along on Twitter: @nicknorwitz @lipoprotein @realDaveFeldman

Flagship tweet: https://x.com/nicknorwitz/status/1749426902274580911?s=20

1. “Melatonin from Microorganisms, Algae, and Plants as Possible Alternatives to Synthetic Melatonin”
by Marino B. Arnao, Manuela Giraldo-Acosta, Ana Castejón-Castillejo, Marta Losada-Lorán, Pablo Sánchez-Herrerías, Amina El Mihyaoui, Antonio Cano and Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010072
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/72

2. “Centella asiatica and Its Metabolite Asiatic Acid: Wound Healing Effects and Therapeutic Potential”
by Lúcio Ricardo Leite Diniz, Leonardo Luiz Calado, Allana Brunna Sucupira Duarte and Damião Pergentino de Sousa
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020276
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/276

3. “The Role of Quorum Sensing Molecules in Bacterial–Plant Interactions”
by Jan Majdura, Urszula Jankiewicz, Agnieszka Gałązka and Sławomir Orzechowski
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010114
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/114

4. “Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua and Their Anti-Malarial, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulating Properties—Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: A Review”
by Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy, Gisèle E. Loe, Olivia Jansen, Lúcia Mamede, Allison Ledoux, Sandra Fankem Noukimi, Suh Nchang Abenwie, Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu, Jacob Souopgui and Annie Robert
Metabolites 2023, 13(5), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050613
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/5/613

5. “Biochar-Mediated Control of Metabolites and Other Physiological Responses in Water-Stressed Leptocohloa fusca”
by Khansa Saleem, Muhammad Ahsan Asghar, Ali Raza, Hafiz Hassan Javed, Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Arslan Ahmad, Altafur Rahman, Abd Ullah, Baiquan Song, Junbo Du et al.
Metabolites 2023, 13(4), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040511
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/511

6. “Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction and Antioxidant Activity from Inonotus hispidus Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technology”
by Liliana Machado-Carvalho, Tânia Martins, Alfredo Aires and Guilhermina Marques
Metabolites 2023, 13(4), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040524
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/524

7. “Bark Beetles Utilize Ophiostomatoid Fungi to Circumvent Host Tree Defenses”
by Rashaduz Zaman, Courtney May, Aziz Ullah and Nadir Erbilgin
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020239
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/239

8. “Cytotoxic Isopentenyl Phloroglucinol Compounds from Garcinia xanthochymus Using LC-MS-Based Metabolomics”
by Fan Quan, Xinbo Luan, Jian Zhang, Wenjie Gao, Jian Yan and Ping Li
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020258
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/258

1. “Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications”
by Miguel A. Ortega, Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon, Cielo García-Montero, Oscar Fraile-Martinez, Luis G. Guijarro, Guillermo Lahera, Jorge Monserrat, Paula Valls, Fernando Mora, Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010050
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/1/50

2. “Colon Cancer: From Epidemiology to Prevention”
by Kyriaki Katsaounou, Elpiniki Nicolaou, Paris Vogazianos, Cameron Brown, Marios Stavrou, Savvas Teloni, Pantelis Hatzis, Agapios Agapiou, Elisavet Fragkou, Georgios Tsiaoussis et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060499
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/6/499

3. “The Sensory Mechanisms of Nutrient-Induced GLP-1 Secretion”
by Anna Pii Hjørne, Ida Marie Modvig and Jens Juul Holst
Metabolites 2022, 12(5), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050420
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/5/420

4. “Taurine: A Maternally Derived Nutrient Linking Mother and Offspring”
by Shiro Tochitani
Metabolites 2022, 12(3), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030228
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/3/228

5. “A Novel Ketone-Supplemented Diet Improves Recognition Memory and Hippocampal Mitochondrial Efficiency in Healthy Adult Mice”
*Editor’s Choice
by Erin R. Saito, Cali E. Warren, Cameron M. Hanegan, John G. Larsen, Johannes D. du Randt, Mio Cannon, Jeremy Y. Saito, Rachel J. Campbell, Colin M. Kemberling, Gavin S. Miller et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111019
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/11/1019

6. “Plasma Metabolic and Lipidomic Fingerprinting of Individuals with Increased Intestinal Permeability”
by Rohan M. Shah, Snehal R. Jadhav, Laura Phan, Kelton Tremellen, Cuong D. Tran and David J. Beale
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040302
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/302

7. “Central Taurine Attenuates Hyperthermia and Isolation Stress Behaviors Augmented by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor with Modifying Brain Amino Acid Metabolism in Neonatal Chicks”
by Mohamed Z. Elhussiny, Phuong V. Tran, Yuriko Tsuru, Shogo Haraguchi, Elizabeth R. Gilbert, Mark A. Cline, Takashi Bungo, Mitsuhiro Furuse and Vishwajit S. Chowdhury
Metabolites 2022, 12(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010083
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/1/83

8. “Vitamin B6 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Islet β Cell Apoptosis by Upregulating Autophagy”
*Feature Paper
by Yu Zhang, Xi-an Zhou, Chuxin Liu, Qingwu Shen and Yanyang Wu
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1048; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111048
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/11/1048

1. “Obesity-Induced Brain Neuroinflammatory and Mitochondrial Changes”
by Luisa O. Schmitt and Joana M. Gaspar
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010086
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/86

2. “Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis—A Narrative Review”
by Dhruvi Lathigara, Devesh Kaushal and Robert Beaumont Wilson
Metabolites 2023, 13(5), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050675
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/5/675

3. “Screening for NAFLD—Current Knowledge and Challenges”
by Roberta Forlano, Giordano Sigon, Benjamin H. Mullish, Michael Yee and Pinelopi Manousou
Metabolites 2023, 13(4), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040536
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/536

4. “Mechanisms of Maternal Diet-Induced Obesity Affecting the Offspring Brain and Development of Affective Disorders”
*Editor’s Choice
by Daniel E. Radford-Smith and Daniel C. Anthony
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030455
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/455

5. “Fetal Hepatic Lipidome Is More Greatly Affected by Maternal Rate of Gain Compared with Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation at day 83 of Gestation”
*Editor’s Choice
by Ana Clara B. Menezes, Carl R. Dahlen, Kacie L. McCarthy, Cierrah J. Kassetas, Friederike Baumgaertner, James D. Kirsch, Sheri T. Dorsam, Tammi L. Neville, Alison K. Ward, Pawel P. Borowicz et al.
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020175
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/175

6. “Erythroprotective Potential of Phycobiliproteins Extracted from Porphyridium cruentum”
by Rubria Lucía Peña-Medina, Diana Fimbres-Olivarría, Luis Fernando Enríquez-Ocaña, Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova, Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez, José Antonio López-Elías and Ricardo Iván González-Vega
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030366
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/366

7. “Upregulation of Taurine Biosynthesis and Bile Acid Conjugation with Taurine through FXR in a Mouse Model with Human-like Bile Acid Composition”
by Teruo Miyazaki, Hajime Ueda, Tadashi Ikegami and Akira Honda
Metabolites 2023, 13(7), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070824
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/7/824

8. “Dietary Inflammatory and Insulinemic Potentials, Plasma Metabolome and Risk of Colorectal Cancer”
by Dong Hoon Lee, Qi Jin, Ni Shi, Fenglei Wang, Alaina M. Bever, Jun Li, Liming Liang, Frank B. Hu, Mingyang Song, Oana A. Zeleznik et al.
Metabolites 2023, 13(6), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060744
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/6/744

1. “A Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Method for the Quantification of Short Chain Fatty Acids”
by Julia K. Rohde, Marceline M. Fuh, Ioannis Evangelakos, Mira J. Pauly, Nicola Schaltenberg, Francesco Siracusa, Nicola Gagliani, Klaus Tödter, Joerg Heeren and Anna Worthmann
Metabolites 2022, 12(2), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020170
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/2/170

2. “Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma”
by Venugopal Gunda, Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos, Jyoti B. Kaushal, Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Kavita Mallya, Paul M. Grandgenett, Karoly Mirnics, Surinder K. Batra, Zeljka Korade et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010047
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/1/47

3. “Plasma Lipid Profiles Change with Increasing Numbers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in Rats”
by Chidozie C. Anyaegbu, Harrison Szemray, Sarah C. Hellewell, Nathan G. Lawler, Kerry Leggett, Carole Bartlett, Brittney Lins, Terence McGonigle, Melissa Papini, Ryan S. Anderton et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040322
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/322

4. “The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets”
by Nicholas G. Norwitz, Adrian Soto-Mota, Bob Kaplan, David S. Ludwig, Matthew Budoff, Anatol Kontush and David Feldman
Metabolites 2022, 12(5), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050460
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/5/460

5. “Role of Oxylipins in the Inflammatory-Related Diseases NAFLD, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes”
by Mariya Misheva, Jethro Johnson and James McCullagh
Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121238
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/12/1238

6. “Insight into the Evolving Role of PCSK9”
by Mateusz Maligłówka, Michał Kosowski, Marcin Hachuła, Marcin Cyrnek, Łukasz Bułdak, Marcin Basiak, Aleksandra Bołdys, Grzegorz Machnik, Rafał Jakub Bułdak and Bogusław Okopień
Metabolites 2022, 12(3), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030256
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/3/256

7. “Interactions between Tryptophan Metabolism, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System as Potential Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Metabolic Diseases”
by Charlotte Teunis, Max Nieuwdorp and Nordin Hanssen
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060514
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/6/514

8. “Lipid Peroxidation Produces a Diverse Mixture of Saturated and Unsaturated Aldehydes in Exhaled Breath That Can Serve as Biomarkers of Lung Cancer—A Review”
by Saurin R. Sutaria, Sadakatali S. Gori, James D. Morris, Zhenzhen Xie, Xiao-An Fu and Michael H. Nantz
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060561
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/6/561

1. “Enhanced Carotid Plaque Echolucency Is Associated with Reduced Cognitive Performance in Elderly Patients with Atherosclerotic Disease Independently on Metabolic Profile”
*Editor’s Choice
by Daniela Mastroiacovo, Alessandro Mengozzi, Francesco Dentali, Fulvio Pomero, Agostino Virdis, Antonio Camerota, Mario Muselli, Stefano Necozione, Raffaella Bocale, Claudio Ferri et al.
Metabolites 2023, 13(4), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040478
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/478

2. “A Strategy for Uncovering the Serum Metabolome by Direct-Infusion High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry”
*Editor’s Choice
by Xiaoshan Sun, Zhen Jia, Yuqing Zhang, Xinjie Zhao, Chunxia Zhao, Xin Lu and Guowang Xu
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030460
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/460

3. “Dietary Supplement, Containing the Dry Extract of Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia, Counteracts Intestinal Inflammation and Enteric Dysmotility Associated with Obesity”
by Vanessa D’Antongiovanni, Matteo Fornai, Laura Benvenuti, Clelia Di Salvo, Carolina Pellegrini, Federica Cappelli, Stefano Masi and Luca Antonioli
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030410
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/410

4. “Serum Uric Acid Predicts All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Independently of Hypertriglyceridemia in Cardiometabolic Patients without Established CV Disease: A Sub-Analysis of the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) Study”
by Alessandro Mengozzi, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese, Giovambattista Desideri, Stefano Masi, Fabio Angeli, Carlo Maria Barbagallo, Michele Bombelli, Federica Cappelli, Edoardo Casiglia, Rosario Cianci et al.
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020244
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/244

5. “High-Density Lipoprotein Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity”
by Damien Denimal, Serge Monier, Benjamin Bouillet, Bruno Vergès and Laurence Duvillard
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020253
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/253

6. “Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Target”
*Editor’s Choice
by Allison B. Reiss, Saba Ahmed, Maryann Johnson, Usman Saeedullah and Joshua De Leon
Metabolites 2023, 13(4), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040479
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/479

7. “Atherosclerosis Calcification: Focus on Lipoproteins”
by Jaap G. Neels, Georges Leftheriotis and Giulia Chinetti
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030457
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/457

8. “Severe Hypertriglyceridaemia and Chylomicronaemia Syndrome—Causes, Clinical Presentation, and Therapeutic Options”
by Bilal Bashir, Jan H. Ho, Paul Downie, Paul Hamilton, Gordon Ferns, Dev Datta, Jaimini Cegla, Anthony S. Wierzbicki, Charlotte Dawson, Fiona Jenkinson et al.
Metabolites 2023, 13(5), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050621
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/5/621

1. “Effects of Probiotics and Gut Microbiota on Bone Metabolism in Chickens: A Review”
by Chen Pan, Tingting Xu, Chaodong Zhang, Xishuai Tong, Aftab Shaukat, Yanfeng He, Kaili Liu and Shucheng Huang
Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12101000
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/10/1000

2. “Qualitative and Quantitative Effects of Fatty Acids Involved in Heart Diseases”
by Hidenori Moriyama, Jin Endo, Hidehiko Ikura, Hiroki Kitakata, Mizuki Momoi, Yoshiki Shinya, Seien Ko, Genki Ichihara, Takahiro Hiraide, Kohsuke Shirakawa et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(3), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12030210
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/3/210

3. “The Nexus of Diet, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Dogs”
by Soufien Rhimi, Aicha Kriaa, Vincent Mariaule, Amel Saidi, Amandine Drut, Amin Jablaoui, Nizar Akermi, Emmanuelle Maguin, Juan Hernandez and Moez Rhimi
Metabolites 2022, 12(12), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121176
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/12/1176

4. “Inhibition of Hepatic AMPK Pathway Contributes to Free Fatty Acids-Induced Fatty Liver Disease in Laying Hen”
by Cheng Huang, Xiaona Gao, Yan Shi, Lianying Guo, Changming Zhou, Ning Li, Wei Chen, Fan Yang, Guyue Li, Yu Zhuang et al.
Metabolites 2022, 12(9), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090825
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/9/825

5. “Prenatal Supplementation in Beef Cattle and Its Effects on Plasma Metabolome of Dams and Calves”
by Fernando José Schalch Junior, Guilherme Henrique Gebim Polizel, Fernando Augusto Correia Queiroz Cançado, Arícia Christofaro Fernandes, Isabela Mortari, Pedro Ratto Lisboa Pires, Heidge Fukumasu, Miguel Henrique de Almeida Santana and Arlindo Saran Netto
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040347
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/347

6. “Tea Polyphenols Protect the Mammary Gland of Dairy Cows by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Regulating the TGF-β1/p38/JNK Pathway”
by Ran Xu, Mengran Zhu, Jingwen Cao and Mengyao Guo
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111009
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/11/1009

7. “Relationships between Milk and Blood Biochemical Parameters and Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows during Lactation”
by Biljana Andjelić, Radojica Djoković, Marko Cincović, Snežana Bogosavljević-Bošković, Milun Petrović, Jelena Mladenović and Aleksandar Čukić
Metabolites 2022, 12(8), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080733
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/733

8. “Metabolic Responses of Dietary Fiber during Heat Stress: Effects on Reproductive Performance and Stress Level of Gestating Sows”
by SeungMin Oh, Abdolreza Hosseindoust, SangHun Ha, Joseph Moturi, JunYoung Mun, Habeeb Tajudeen and JinSoo Kim
Metabolites 2022, 12(4), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12040280
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/280

1. “Pregnancy Toxemia in Ewes: A Review of Molecular Metabolic Mechanisms and Management Strategies”
by Xiaoyu Ji, Ning Liu, Yuqin Wang, Ke Ding, Shucheng Huang and Cai Zhang
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020149
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/149

2. “Different Types of Glucocorticoids to Evaluate Stress and Welfare in Animals and Humans: General Concepts and Examples of Combined Use”
by María Botía, Damián Escribano, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Fernando Tecles, Marina López-Arjona and José J. Cerón
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010106
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/106

3. “Noncoding RNA Regulation of Hormonal and Metabolic Systems in the Fruit Fly Drosophila”
by Ki-Kei Chan, Ting-Fung Chan, William Bendena and Jerome H. L. Hui
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020152
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/152

4. “The Effects of Rumen-Protected Choline and Rumen-Protected Nicotinamide on Liver Transcriptomics in Periparturient Dairy Cows”
by Xue’er Du, Zhijie Cui, Rui Zhang, Keliang Zhao, Lamei Wang, Junhu Yao, Shimin Liu, Chuanjiang Cai and Yangchun Cao
Metabolites 2023, 13(5), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050594
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/5/594

5. “Magnolol as a Protective Antioxidant Alleviates Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Damage through MAPK/mTOR/Nrf2 in Broilers”
by Weishi Peng, Nanxuan Zhou, Zehe Song, Haihan Zhang and Xi He
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010084
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/84

6. “Dietary Supplementation of Chestnut Tannins in Prepartum Dairy Cows Improves Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms Interacting with Thyroid Status”
by Radiša Prodanović, Sreten Nedić, Ivan Vujanac, Jovan Bojkovski, Svetlana Nedić, Ljubomir Jovanović, Danijela Kirovski and Sunčica Borozan
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030334
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/334

7. “Identification of Protective Amino Acid Metabolism Events in Nursery Pigs Fed Thermally Oxidized Corn Oil”
by Yue Guo, Lei Wang, Andrea Hanson, Pedro E. Urriola, Gerald C. Shurson and Chi Chen
Metabolites 2023, 13(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010103
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/103

8. “Comparative Analysis of the Temporal Impacts of Corticosterone and Simulated Production Stressors on the Metabolome of Broiler Chickens”
by Catherine L. J. Brown, Sarah J. M. Zaytsoff, Andrew N. Iwaniuk, Gerlinde A. S. Metz, Tony Montina and G. Douglas Inglis
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020144
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/2/144