Existing law provides no settled account of how deepfake sextortion should be characterised and regulated in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, creating uncertainty for charging, adjudication and platform compliance at the point when the Online Saf...
This article examines in detail Advisory Opinion No. 32, issued by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in July 2025. The analysis examines how the decision of the International Court of Justice establishes the principle of intergenerational equi...
Transnational organized criminal groups operate in ways that are resistant to prosecution. In response, a proposed change in domestic law would aim to ensnare front men who serve to hide the identities of criminals, enabling prosecutors to flip them...
This article examines the subject of SME failures due to financial distress in emerging economies by focusing on Uganda as a case study. It adopts a convergent doctrinal and empirical approach, drawing on existing black letter law and literature alon...
This study represents a bibliometric analysis of the global scholarship on institutional rights in education, based on 192 reviewed publications from the Web of Science database, which includes the 2000–2025 period. Research has developed in th...
Since 2017, more than a dozen civics institutes have been founded at America’s public universities, marking a renaissance in civic education. Grounded in the liberal arts, these institutes rightly restore the pursuit of knowledge for its own sa...
The capacity of the United Kingdom (UK) to prosecute technology-enabled financial and economic crime (FEC) is increasingly shaped by the Collingridge dilemma. Even though the dilemma was broadly conceptualized in technology governance, its applicatio...
This study evaluates the effectiveness of Jordan’s judiciary in overseeing electoral appeals within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, it combines doctrinal legal analysis of key constitutional provis...
This article provides a detailed comparative analysis of the transposition and implementation of the Renewable Energy Directives II and III (RED II and RED III), REPowerEU Plan, and the ‘Fit for 55’ package in France, Italy, and Germany....
The existence of a legal framework for Artificial Intelligence systems is of great importance for the growth and development of this advanced technology, especially given the growing sense of legal insecurity that may arise from potential irreparable...
The long-stop rule, under the UK Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 1987, imposes a 10-year limitation period for product liability claims, providing legal certainty for manufacturers and consumers. However, this timeframe is increasingly problematic in t...
This paper argues that despite two decades of reform, the European Union’s (EU) insolvency framework remains structurally and behaviourally inaccessible to micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). While policy rhetoric has embraced...
Legal regulation and practical implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Kazakhstan’s criminal procedure are considered within the context of judicial digital transformation. Risks arise for fundamental procedural principles, including...
This study examines the role of public procurement of artificial intelligence (AI) as a catalyst for transformative change in State functions. Building on the concept of transformative law, it argues that law should not merely regulate technological...
This article examines the persistent legal invisibility of the Kashmiri Pandits within international frameworks on indigenous rights and internal displacement. Despite meeting definitional criteria under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights o...
As Albania aspires to join the EU by 2030, harmonisation of existing and future legislation and ensuring proper implementation remain the main priorities. Several working groups have been established to deal with harmonisation and enforcement. Althou...
Persons with disabilities (PWDs) face disproportionate risks during humanitarian crises, yet their inclusion in aid delivery remains limited. To address this, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) introduced the Guidelines on the Inclusion of Pe...
Social assistance is one of the primary programs organized in developing countries in a bid to reduce poverty. In Indonesia, the government has allocated IDR 152 trillion toward poverty alleviation. However, the persistent misuse of social assistance...
The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets target-based and actionable commitments for the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to facilitate its implementation. It is a strategic document that guides globa...
Article 43(2) of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions defines combatants but does not specify that they must be human. Bundle Theory, which views identity as a collection of rights and duties, suggests that legal personhood is unnecessary...
This article presents the first systematic, empirical mapping of explicit references to religion in Australian federal legislation. Drawing on a dataset of 288 statutes in force as of March 2024, the analysis employs a dictionary of 71 religious term...
In recent years, the need to provide communication support for defendants with mental health conditions or learning disabilities in criminal cases has received increased attention in international, regional and domestic law. However, defendants in En...
This piece examines the persistent conceptual and normative challenges surrounding corruption in international law. It revisits classical definitions and perceptions of corruption, highlighting their influence on contemporary understandings. It criti...
The intersections between disability, sex work, and the law are complex and intertwined. The paper aims to uncover how courts approach this entanglement and conceptualize disabled sexuality. Our account will illustrate how social norms, legal framewo...
The publication analyses three criminal justice structures prominent in the scientific debate across various countries from the perspective of human rights, with particular emphasis on the principles of gender equality—the order to temporarily...
The United Kingdom (UK) government continues exploring ways to externalise its border controls to deter people from travelling to its shores. States, including the UK, use externalised border controls to reduce responsibility and avoid legal obligati...
The emergence of generative artificial intelligence has unsettled traditional legal conceptions of authorship and originality by challenging the foundational premise of copyright, namely, the requirement of human intervention as a precondition for pr...
‘Deepfakes’ and other forms of digital communications disinformation are now on the virtual frontlines of many armed conflicts. Military commanders can potentially gain significant tactical advantages by misleading enemy forces, opposing...
The Nationality and Borders Act 2022 was enacted despite significant opposition from refugee charity and legal sectors. It is without question that the Act changes the domestic landscape of the refugee status determination system and has the potentia...
This study systematically evaluates website blocking as both an anti-piracy enforcement mechanism and a cybersecurity control, analyzing its effectiveness in reducing piracy across four Southeast Asian jurisdictions with distinct legal frameworks, as...
The COVID pandemic highlighted the importance of vaccine development and availability worldwide. Operation Warp-Speed in the United States accelerated vaccine production by several major pharmaceutical manufacturers, averting some of the normal admin...
This study explores the comparative employment laws related to migrant worker protection in Indonesia and Malaysia, with a focus on the socioeconomic inequalities faced by migrant workers in both countries. The study identifies key challenges in law...
International law has evolved to oblige states to treat children with disabilities with dignity and respect. Yet, where children with disabilities present as migrants, they face compounding challenges that are both physical and legal. This article ex...
This paper examines democratic backsliding through the lens of gender justice, focusing on recent political developments in Israel. Since early 2023, the ruling coalition has advanced a judicial overhaul designed to reduce judicial independence and c...
Scholars have long shown that post-separation abuse continues through legal channels and that legal institutions often reinforce existing social relations. Nevertheless, little is known about how abused mothers’ legal experiences shape their un...
Pre-trial detention is intended to be a measure of last resort, yet it is excessively applied across jurisdictions worldwide. This paper examines its use, with particular emphasis on its application to women and its incompatibility with international...
In May of 2025, four men were sentenced in a Kenyan court for the attempted smuggling of ants. This case underscores a largely overlooked dimension of global wildlife crime: the trafficking of insects. This article aims to discuss the nature of insec...
There is little research exploring the grey area of sexual violence (SV), considered in the literature as being a more subtle manifestation of SV, and therefore tending to be trivialized, legitimized, and normalized by society. This study aimed to co...
Lump sum compensatory damages awarded through court adjudication are regarded as the proper result of tort personal injury litigation delivering corrective justice to worthy plaintiffs and delivering public statements of moral blameworthiness. In thi...
The objectives of the class action procedural device and the tort of negligence overlap in that they both seek to compensate victims for their loss and, according to some, they both seek to deter tortfeasor wrongdoing. However, in practice, does the...
Using the case of persons fleeing armed conflicts, the present article examines the required pre-condition for local integration in the European Union (EU), namely the grant of durable protection. We define durable protection as a form of long-lastin...
Jurors play a critical role in the administration of justice, yet their compulsory exposure to graphic and distressing evidence during criminal trials is often overlooked in discussions of mental health and legal reform. This paper investigates the p...
With their traditional focus on financial compensation, tort law systems worldwide struggle with the adverse effects the claims resolution process can have on victims of personal injury. It has therefore been argued that tort law systems should be mo...
The unfolding story of AI is just as much a story about us as it is about technology, and the complete arc of this story remains to be seen. Commentators are urging humans to engage in proactive dialogue to shape that story. Some religious actors (en...
Digital transformation has been accelerating the development of the global tax landscape, giving multinational companies the potential to generate revenue from certain jurisdictions without any physical presence in the relevant countries. This condit...
The advent of remote control and autonomous technologies is fundamentally transforming ship manning models, necessitating adaptations in seafarer standards for L2-class autonomous vessels. To address these challenges, the International Maritime Organ...
In this article, I argue that the state creates legal advice deserts in immigration and asylum by designing law and policy which drive up legal need, driving down provision through unfavourable conditions for providers, and by placing people in need...
This article argues that the asylum policy and legislative changes introduced by the UK government in the years 2022–2024 altered the original meaning of the concept ‘safe country’ as understood in international and EU law. The UK m...
Utilising Arendt’s ‘right to have rights’ thesis not only as an observation on citizenship but as an intrinsic eligibility and political opportunity for the stateless, this paper outlines how the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 and...
This study examines the evolution of the European Union’s regulatory framework addressing energy market manipulation, focusing on recent amendments introduced by Regulation (EU) 2024/1106 (REMIT II) to the original REMIT—Regulation on Mar...
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